Topic
Digital electronics
About: Digital electronics is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 10354 publications have been published within this topic receiving 153532 citations.
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TL;DR: The architectural and circuit design aspects of a mixed analog/digital very large scale integration (VLSI) motion detection chip based on models of the insect visual system are described, implementing a reconfigurable architecture which facilitates the evaluation of several newly designed analog circuits.
Abstract: The architectural and circuit design aspects of a mixed analog/digital very large scale integration (VLSI) motion detection chip based on models of the insect visual system are described. The chip comprises two one-dimensional 64-cell arrays as well as front-end analog circuitry for early visual processing and digital control circuits. Each analog processing cell comprises a photodetector, circuits for spatial averaging and multiplicative noise cancellation, differentiation, and thresholding. The operation and configuration of the analog cells is controlled by digital circuits, thus implementing a reconfigurable architecture which facilitates the evaluation of several newly designed analog circuits. The chip has been designed and fabricated in a 1.2-/spl mu/m CMOS process and occupies an area of 2/spl times/2 mm/sup 2/.
105 citations
25 Mar 2015
TL;DR: A new attack strategy based on applying brute force iteratively to each logic cone is described and shown to significantly reduce the number of brute force key combinations that need to be tried by an attacker.
Abstract: Logic obfuscation can protect designs from reverse engineering and IP piracy. In this paper, a new attack strategy based on applying brute force iteratively to each logic cone is described and shown to significantly reduce the number of brute force key combinations that need to be tried by an attacker. It is shown that inserting key gates based on MUXes is an effective approach to increase security against this type of attack. Experimental results are presented quantifying the threat posed by this type of attack along with the relative effectiveness of MUX key gates in countering it.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the current state of superconductor electronics and fabrication processes are reviewed in order to evaluate whether this electronics is scalable to a very large scale integration (VLSI) required to achieve computation complexities comparable to CMOS processors.
Abstract: Superconductor digital electronics using Josephson junctions as ultrafast switches and magnetic-flux encoding of information was proposed over 30 years ago as a sub-terahertz clock frequency alternative to semiconductor electronics based on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistors. Recently, interest in developing superconductor electronics has been renewed due to a search for energy saving solutions in applications related to high-performance computing. The current state of superconductor electronics and fabrication processes are reviewed in order to evaluate whether this electronics is scalable to a very large scale integration (VLSI) required to achieve computation complexities comparable to CMOS processors. A fully planarized process at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, perhaps the most advanced process developed so far for superconductor electronics, is used as an example. The process has nine superconducting layers: eight Nb wiring layers with the minimum feature size of 350 nm, and a thin superconducting layer for making compact high-kinetic-inductance bias inductors. All circuit layers are fully planarized using chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) of SiO2 interlayer dielectric. The physical limitations imposed on the circuit density by Josephson junctions, circuit inductors, shunt and bias resistors, etc., are discussed. Energy dissipation in superconducting circuits is also reviewed in order to estimate whether this technology, which requires cryogenic refrigeration, can be energy efficient. Fabrication process development required for increasing the density of superconductor digital circuits by a factor of ten and achieving densities above 10^7 Josephson junctions per cm^2 is described.
105 citations
TL;DR: An optical flip-flop circuit composed of two-port resonant-tunneling filters based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab with a triangular air-hole lattice can achieve a fast operating speed with a response time of about 10 ps and a low operating power of 60 mW by employing aTwo-dimensional FDTD calculation.
Abstract: We propose an optical flip-flop circuit composed of two-port resonant-tunneling filters based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab with a triangular air-hole lattice. This circuit can function as an optical digital circuit that synchronizes input data with a clock. In this report, we demonstrate that this circuit can achieve a fast operating speed with a response time of about 10 ps and a low operating power of 60 mW by employing a two-dimensional FDTD calculation.
105 citations
Book•
01 Nov 1976
TL;DR: Digital Integrated Electronics as discussed by the authors is a continuation of Pulse, Digital, and Switching Woveforms, which was originally written for a two-semester course coming in the late junior and senior years.
Abstract: This book represents the third generation of textbooks coauthored by H. Taub covering the general topics of pulse, switching, digital, and integrated circuits. The progression to the present book started in 1956 with Pulse and Digital Circuits, a text treating digital and switching circuits almost exclusively with vacuum-tube devices. A decade later the highly acclaimed and well-recognized book, Pulse. Digital, and Switching Woveforms, was issued in the second generation. In this volume, the importance of the transistor was emphasized and vacuum-tube circuits were presented only incidentally. Now, after another decade, the numerous advancements in integrated circuits have prompted the present work. The purpose of this text is to describe and analyze almost all of the basic integrated circuit building blocks from which digital circuits and systems are assembled. However, as noted in the Preface, Digital Integrated Electronics is intended as a continuation of Pulse, Digital, and Switching Woveforms rather than as a replacement. The reviewer agrees totally with this conclusion since the 1965 work provides a more thorough-and deeper treatment of fundamental semiconductor device operation than the present work. Use of the book presumes some background in semiconductor devices and circuits. The reviewer feels the book is so well written that a previous familiarity by the reader with semiconductor device characteristics, biasing, modeling, and amplifier analysis will be quite adequate for easy comprehension of the topics presented. The level and duration of the material are appropriate for a two-semester course coming in the late junior and senior years. Selected sections of the text are quite appropriate for a one semester or one quarter graduate level course dealing generally with hardware for instrumentation, timing, and data acquisition and storage techniques. For those having the suggested background with semiconductors, Chapter 1 is generally a review except that here these devices are treated from a switching mode viewpoint rather than the more conventional “linearized” amplifier model. The reader must make this change in viewpoint in order to appreciate the contents of the remaining chapters. Chapter 2 provides a further transition between the analog and digital viewpoints by first describing operational amplifier concepts, and then using this device as a vehicle for explaining the principles and operation of
104 citations