Digital image correlation

About: Digital image correlation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7842 publications have been published within this topic receiving 132166 citations.

Digital image correlation as a tool for three-dimensional strain analysis in human tendon tissue

Abstract: Determining the mechanical behaviour of tendon and ligamentous tissue remains challenging, as it is anisotropic, non-linear and inhomogeneous in nature. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) digital image correlation (DIC) was adopted to examine the strain distribution in the human Achilles tendon. Therefore, 6 fresh frozen human Achilles tendon specimens were mounted in a custom made rig for uni-axial loading. 3D DIC measurements of each loading position were obtained and compared to 2 linear variable differential transformers (LVDT’s). 3D DIC was able to calculate tendon strain in every region of all obtained images. The scatter was found to be low in all specimens and comparable to that obtained in steel applications. The accuracy of the 3D DIC measurement was higher in the centre of the specimen where scatter values around 0.03% strain were obtained. The overall scatter remained below 0.3% in all specimens. The spatial resolution of 3D DIC on human tendon tissue was found to be 0.1 mm2. The correlation coefficient between the 3D DIC measurements and the LVDT measurements showed an excellent linear agreement in all specimens (R2 = 0.99). Apart from the longitudinal strain component, an important transverse strain component was revealed in all specimens. The strain distribution of both components was of a strongly inhomogeneous nature, both within the same specimen and amongst different specimens. DIC proved to be a very accurate and reproducible tool for 3D strain analysis in human tendon tissue.

Strain Rate Sensitivity of a TRIP-Assisted Dual-Phase High-Entropy Alloy

Abstract: Dual-phase high-entropy alloys (DP-HEAs) with transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) have an excellent strength-ductility combination. To reveal their strain-rate sensitivity and hence further understand the corresponding deformation mechanisms, we investigated the tensile behavior and microstructural evolution of a typical TRIP-DP-HEA (Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10, at. %) under different strain rates (i.e., 5 × 10-3 s-1, 1 × 10-3 s-1, 5 × 10-4 s-1 and 1 × 10-4 s-1) at room temperature. The strain rate range was confined to this regime in order to apply the digital image correlation technique for probing the local strain evolution during tensile deformation at high resolution and to correlate it to the microstructure evolution. Grain size effects of the face-centered cubic (FCC) matrix and the volume fractions of the hexagonal-close packed (HCP) phase prior to deformation were also considered. The results show that within the explored strain rate regime the TRIP-DP-HEA has a fairly low strain rate sensitivity parameter within the range from 0.004 to 0.04, which is significantly lower than that of DP and TRIP steels. Samples with varying grain sizes (e.g., ~2.8 μm and ~38 μm) and starting HCP phase fractions (e.g., ~25% and ~72%) at different strain rates show similar deformation mechanisms, i.e., dislocation plasticity and strain-induced transformation from the FCC matrix to the HCP phase. The low strain rate sensitivity is attributed to the observed dominant displacive transformation mechanism. Also, the coarse-grained alloy samples with a very high starting HCP phase fraction (~72%) prior to deformation show very good ductility with a total elongation of ~60%, suggesting that both, the initial and the transformed HCP phase in the TRIP-DP-HEA are ductile and deform further via dislocation slip at the different strain rates which were probed.

Damage Assessment of Composite Structures Using Digital Image Correlation

Abstract: The steady increase of Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Structures in modern aircraft will reach a new dimension with the entry into service of the Boeing 787 and Airbus 350. Replacement of damaged parts will not be a preferable solution due to the high level of integration and the large size of the components involved. Consequently the need to develop repair techniques and processes for composite components is readily apparent. Bonded patch repair technologies provide an alternative to mechanically fastened repairs with significantly higher performance, especially for relatively thin skins. Carefully designed adhesively bonded patches can lead to cost effective and highly efficient repairs in comparison with conventional riveted patch repairs that cut fibers and introduce highly strained regions. In this work, the assessment of the damage process taking place in notched (open-hole) specimens under uniaxial tensile loading was studied. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) Digital Image Correlation (DIC) techniques were employed to obtain full-field surface strain measurements in carbon-fiber/epoxy T700/M21 composite plates with different stacking sequences in the presence of an open circular hole. Penetrant enhanced X-ray radiographs were taken to identify damage location and extent after loading around the hole. DIC strain fields were compared to finite element predictions. In addition, DIC techniques were used to characterise damage and performance of adhesively bonded patch repairs in composite panels under tensile loading. This part of work relates to strength/stiffness restoration of damaged composite aircraft that becomes more important as composites are used more extensively in the construction of modern jet airliners. The behaviour of bonded patches under loading was monitored using DIC full-field strain measurements. Location and extent of damage identified by X-ray radiography correlates well with DIC strain results giving confidence to the technique for structural health monitoring of bonded patches.