Showing papers on "Digital mammography published in 2001"
Proceedings Article•
26 Aug 2001TL;DR: This paper investigates the use of different data mining techniques, neural networks and association rule mining, for anomaly detection and classification, and shows that the two approaches performed well, obtaining a classification accuracy reaching over 70% percent for both techniques.
Abstract: Breast cancer represents the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women today and it is the most common type of cancer in women. This paper presents some experiments for tumour detection in digital mammography. We investigate the use of different data mining techniques, neural networks and association rule mining, for anomaly detection and classification. The results show that the two approaches performed well, obtaining a classification accuracy reaching over 70% percent for both techniques. Moreover, the experiments we conducted demonstrate the use and effectiveness of association rule mining in image categorization.
342 citations
TL;DR: FFDM has so far led to fewer recalls than SFM, but this difference was not significant and no difference in cancer detection rate has yet been observed between FFDM and SFM.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively compare full-field digital mammography (FFDM) with screen-film mammography (SFM) for cancer detection in a screening population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At two institutions, 4,945 FFDM examinations were performed in women aged 40 years and older presenting for SFM. Two views of each breast were acquired with each modality. SFM and FFDM images were interpreted independently. Findings detected with either SFM or FFDM were evaluated with additional imaging and, if warranted, biopsy. RESULTS: Patients in the study underwent 152 biopsies, which resulted in the diagnosis of 35 breast cancers. Twenty-two cancers were detected with SFM and 21 with FFDM. Four were interval cancers that became palpable within 1 year of screening and were considered false-negative findings with both modalities. The difference in cancer detection rate was not significant. FFDM had a significantly lower recall rate (11.5%; 568 of 4,945) than SFM (13.8%; 685 of 4,945) (P < .001, McNemar χ2 model; P < .03, gener...
323 citations
TL;DR: The authors' preliminary results demonstrate that AIDM is an effective method for image authenticity and integrity in telemammography application.
Abstract: Data security becomes more and more important in telemammography which uses a public high-speed wide area network connecting the examination site with the mammography expert center. Generally, security is characterized in terms of privacy, authenticity and integrity of digital data. Privacy is a network access issue and is not considered in this paper. The authors present a method, authenticity and integrity of digital mammography, here which can meet the requirements of authenticity and integrity for mammography image (IM) transmission. The authenticity and integrity for mammography (AIDM) consists of the following four modules. (1) Image preprocessing: To segment breast pixels from background and extract patient information from digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM) image header. (2) Image hashing: To compute an image hash value of the mammogram using the MD5 hash algorithm. (3) Data encryption: To produce a digital envelope containing the encrypted image hash value (digital signature) and corresponding patient information. (4) Data embedding: To embed the digital envelope into the image. This is done by replacing the least significant bit of a random pixel of the mammogram by one bit of the digital envelope bit stream and repeating for all bits in the bit stream. Experiments with digital IMs demonstrate the following. (1) In the expert center, only the user who knows the private key ran open the digital envelope and read the patient information data and the digital signature of the mammogram transmitted from the examination site. (2) Data integrity can he verified by matching the image hash value decrypted from the digital signature with that computed from the transmitted image. (3) No visual quality degradation is detected in the embedded image compared with the original. The authors' preliminary results demonstrate that AIDM is an effective method for image authenticity and integrity in telemammography application.
170 citations
TL;DR: A combination of linear and nonlinear reconstruction schemes may have potential implications in terms of enhancing image visualization to provide radiologists with valuable diagnostic information.
95 citations
TL;DR: This paper presents an algorithm based on histogram thresholding, morphological filtering and contour modeling for segmentation into the breast region and the background and results indicate that the computed boundary follows the estimated boundary accurately.
83 citations
TL;DR: The most frequent cause of disagreement in interpretation was a difference in management approach between radiologists (interobserver variability).
Abstract: OBJECTIVE. This study was performed to determine the rates and causes of disagreements in interpretation between full-field digital mammography and film-screen mammography in a diagnostic setting.SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Patients undergoing diagnostic mammography were invited to participate in the digital mammography study. Three views, selected by the radiologist interpreting the film-screen mammography, were obtained in both film-screen mammography and digital mammography. Radiologists independently assigned a Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category to the film-screen mammography and the digital mammography images. The BI-RADS categories were grouped into the general categories of agreement, partial agreement, or disagreement. A third and different radiologist reviewed all cases of disagreement, reached a decision as to management, and determined the primary cause of disagreement.RESULTS. Six radiologists reviewed digital mammography and film-screen mammography diagnostic images in a to...
73 citations
TL;DR: A study to compare the two types of mammography in terms of their performance for the early detection of breast cancer among asymptomatic women by estimating the ratio of areas under the ROC curves near the small false-positive rates associated with a biopsy recommendation.
Abstract: Because randomized trials have shown a reduction in breast cancer mortality, analog mammography for the early detection of breast cancer has gained widespread use. Recently, several manufacturers have developed digital mammography, which promises great advantages in the storage and transmission of images. We were asked to design a study to compare the two types of mammography in terms of their performance for the early detection of breast cancer. A standard measure of mammography performance is the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which is a plot of false- and true-positive rates for each ordered classification of the mammography images. Methods for study design and data analysis based on ROC curves have been well developed for diagnostic tests, particularly in radiology. But for comparing the performance of mammography for the early detection of breast cancer among asymptomatic women, special considerations motivate new designs and methodology. First, digital mammography may cost substantia...
54 citations
Book•
15 May 2001
TL;DR: The Mammography Technologist's Expanding Role and Practical Applications in Problem Solving are explored.
Abstract: UNIT 1: MAMMOGRAPHY - COMMON TOPICS 1: History of Mammography 2: Background Information and the Need for Screening 3: Patient Considerations 4: The Mammography Technologist's Expanding Role 5: Breast Anatomy and Physiology 6: Mammographic Pathology 7: Mammographic Positioning 8: The Nonconforming Patient 9: Thinking in Three Dimensions 10: Practical Applications in Problem Solving UNIT 2: FILM/SCREEN MAMMOGRAPHY 11: Analog Mammography Machines, Processors, and Film 12: Darkroom and Processing Considerations in Mammography 13: Quality Assurance in Film/Screen Mammography UNIT 3: DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY 14: End of the Road for Analog Mammography? 15: Creating the Digital Image 16: Digital Integration and Workflow in Mammography 17: Quality Assurance for Full Field Digital Mammography 18: Non-Imaging Components of the FFDM Network UNIT 4: DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES AND BREAST CANCER TREATMENT 19: Diagnostic Procedures 20: Minimally Invasive Needle Breast Biopsy 21: Breast MR 22: Breast Cancer Diagnostic Technologies: Today and Tomorrow 23: Breast Cancer Therapies
51 citations
Patent•
20 Dec 2001
TL;DR: In this article, a wavelet transform was used for improving and optimizing the visual display of image data at the time of viewing to provide enhanced information analysis capability for image analysis such as breast cancer screening and diagnosis.
Abstract: The present invention provides a method utilizing a wavelet transform for improving and optimizing the visual display of image data at the time of viewing to provide enhanced information analysis capability for image analysis such as breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Through the use of an interactive software tool (220), the user displays (250) both umprocessed and processed images simultaneously. The method also allows additional enhancement iterations (240) resulting in better image reading and interpretation. In the case of digital mammography images, this technique allows suppression of background details and enhancement of selected features allowing additional diagnostic capability.
49 citations
28 Jun 2001
TL;DR: A computer simulation study has been performed to prove the feasibility of developing a flat panel detector-based cone beam volume CT breast imaging (FPD-CBVCTBI) technique, and results indicate that FPD- CBV CTBI is a potentially powerful breast-imaging tool.
Abstract: The clinical goal of breast imaging is to detect tumor masses when they are as small as possible, preferably less than 10 mm in diameter. Conventional film-screen mammography is the most effective tool for the early detection of breast cancer currently available. However, conventional mammography has relatively low sensitivity to detect small breast cancers (under several millimeters). Specificity and the positive predictive value of mammography remain limited owing to an overlap in the appearance of benign and malignant lesions, and surrounding structure. The limitations accompanying conventional mammography is to be addressed by incorporating a cone beam volume CT reconstruction technique with a recently developed flat panel detector. A computer simulation study has been performed to prove the feasibility of developing a flat panel detector-based cone beam volume CT breast imaging (FPD-CBVCTBI) technique. In this study, a preliminary phantom experiment is conducted to verify the findings in the computer simulation using a prototype flat panel detector-based cone beam volume CT scanner. The results indicate that the FPD-CBVCTBI technique effectively removes structure overlap and significantly improves the detectability of small breast tumors. This suggests that FPD-CBVCTBI is a potentially powerful breast-imaging tool.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the effects of pixel size on the characterization of mammographic microcalcifications by radiologists and concluded that the differences in A z between different pixel sizes did not achieve statistical significance.
TL;DR: Sampling of indeterminate microcalcifications using a standard mammography machine and an add-on unit has a high accuracy, similar to rates reported for dedicated prone biopsy tables, Relative to conventional radiography, digital stereotactic guidance allows lesions with fewer calcifications to be sampled and achieves a greater biopsy success rate.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE. The goal of this study was to assess the accuracy of an add-on stereotactic unit for core biopsy of indeterminate breast microcalcifications and to compare digital with conventional stereotactic guidance.MATERIALS AND METHODS. We conducted a retrospective review of 232 lesions with indeterminate microcalcifications in 218 women who underwent stereotactically guided breast biopsies. All biopsies were performed using a standard mammography machine with an add-on unit, 121 with conventional and 111 with digital stereotactic guidance. Successful sampling of the lesion was determined by the detection of microcalcifications on specimen radiography or at pathology.RESULTS. Using the add-on unit, 219 (94.4%) of the 232 targeted lesions were successfully sampled. The size, location, number of cores per lesion, and histology of the lesions were not different between the conventional and digital stereotactic biopsy groups (p > 0.1). Indeterminate microcalcifications were missed on biopsy in nine (7.4%) of...
28 Jun 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, a selenium-based flat-panel direct converter detector for digital mammography was developed, which is based on a TFT-array with a resolution of 2816 X 2048 pixels, and a pixel pitch of 85 micrometers.
Abstract: A selenium-based flat-panel direct converter detector suitable for digital mammography was developed. The detector is based on a TFT-array with a resolution of 2816 X 2048 pixels, and a pixel pitch of 85 micrometers . Although the geometric fill factor for each pixel is around 70% , the effective fill factor for the detector is closer to 88% due to internal electric field shaping within the selenium layer. A selenium multilayer p-i-n structure of 200 micrometers was deposited onto the array by selectively doping the regions near each contact to produce unipolar conducting blocking layers. This structure absorbs more than 95% of a typical mammography beam.
01 Jun 2001
TL;DR: In a reading study with experienced mammographers, stereo mammography, as an adjunct to film, was shown to significantly improve diagnostic accuracy and detect many new lesions in the stereo mammograms that were not visible in the films.
Abstract: Detecting and interpreting subtle breast lesions with standard film mammography is often difficult because of underlying and overlying normal tissue superimposed on the lesion in standard 2D views. Stereoscopic digital mammography may solve this and other problems of ambiguity by permitting the radiologist to view the lesion in the volume, separated from the superimposed tissue in depth. We have acquired both film and stereo mammograms on women prior to biopsy of a suspicious lesion. In a reading study with experienced mammographers, stereo mammography, as an adjunct to film, was shown to significantly improve diagnostic accuracy. But even more importantly, readers detected many new lesions in the stereo mammograms that were not visible in the films.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A CAD system to measure its ability to microcalcifications detect and compare its performance with that of a human observer is developed and applied and represents a concrete aid for radiologists.
Abstract: Purpose It is estimated that during mammographic screening programs radiologists fail to detect approximately 25% of breast cancers visible on retrospective review; this percentage rises to 50% if minimal signs are considered. Independent double reading is now strongly recommended as it allows to reduce the rate of false negative examinations by 5-15%. Recent technological progress has allowed to develop a number of computer-aided detection (CAD) systems. The aim of CAD is to help radiologists interpret lesions by serving as a second reader. In this study the authors developed and applied a CAD system to measure its ability to microcalcifications detect and compare its performance with that of a human observer. Material and methods The study was performed as part of the CALMA (computer-aided library for mammography) project of the Pisa section of the National Institute of Nuclear Physics. The aim of this project is to set up a large database of digital mammograms and to develop a CAD system. Our study series consisted of 802 mammograms - corresponding to 213 patients - digitalized between March and June 2000. We performed traditional mammography and then digitalized the mammograms using a CCD linear scanner (pixel size of 85 x 85 microm2, 12 bits). The images were evaluated by two radiologists with similar experience and then by the CAD system. This CAD system searches for microcalcifications by using ad hoc algorithms and an artificial neural network (Sanger type). Results The number of clusters in our database was 141 corresponding to 140 images; 692 images were non pathological. The CAD system identified a variable number of clusters depending on the threshold values. The threshold value is a number over which the probability of finding a lesion is highest. With thresholds of 0.13 and 0.14 the CAD system identified 140/141 clusters (99.3%); with a threshold of 0.15 it identified 139/141 clusters (98.6%); with a threshold of 0.16, 137/141 (97.2%); with a threshold of 0.18, 133/141 (94.3%); with thresholds of 0.18 and 0.20, 130/141 (92.2%). With threshold values of 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16 and 0.17 the system's sensitivity was greater than 82%, whereas with values of 0.18 and 0.20 it was greater than 80%. The number of false positive region of interest (ROI) / image was greater with low threshold values: in particular, thresholds of 0.13 and 0.14 yielded 16 false positives /image, thresholds of 0.15 and 0.16 yielded 9 and 7 false positives/image, and both 0.18 and 0.20 only 5/image. Discussion ROC curve shows how the use of high threshold values determined a very high specificity despite very low sensitivity rates. Conversely, low threshold values allowed to have a high sensitivity and a very low specificity. The best performance of our CAD system was obtained with threshold values at 0.15 and 0.16. In fact these thresholds resulted in a high sensitivity (greater than 82%) with an acceptable number of false positives/image, 9 and 7/image, respectively. It is not yet known how radiologists can deal with large numbers of false positives in screening programmes but in our opinion the most important feature of a good CAD system is a high sensitivity. Conclusions In the near future the use of CAD systems will be widespread and easier to apply to everyday practice above all in centers where digital mammography is performed. Mammograms could be directly shown to radiologists after the CAD system has selected the ROI and analysed the images. Thanks to its high sensitivity and despite its low specificity CAD represents a concrete aid for radiologists.
TL;DR: A framework for algorithmic three-dimensional simulation of breast calcifications is presented and the results indicate that the majority of the 2D projections of the 3D simulated calcifications compare favorably with the radiographic images of real breast calcions.
TL;DR: The lower spatial resolution of digital mammography was compensated for by its higher contrast sensitivity relative to conventional spot mammography, and no statistical difference was observed between the two sets of curves for individual radiologists as well as pooled data.
Abstract: Although conventional screen–film mammography has excellent spatial resolution and is commonly used as a screening tool, certain inherent limitations prevent its further improvement. New digital mammography techniques, despite lower spatial resolution than screen–film mammography, may overcome these limitations. This study compared lesion detectability between charge coupled device-based digital spot mammography and conventional spot mammography. A total of 100 sets of images of specially designed breast phantoms was acquired, with variable background achieved by overlapping several layers of grapefruit fibre on a 4 cm thick lucite slab, using both modalities. 75 sets were “normal” images and 25 sets were images with simulated lesions. Four radiologists assessed the images according to a five-point confidence scale. The results were used to construct receiver operating characteristic curves. No statistical difference was observed between the two sets of curves for individual radiologists as well as pooled...
09 Dec 2001
TL;DR: The study results have shown the feasibility of ipsilateral multi-view CAD system combined with concurrent analysis method described in this paper for the improvement of overall performance of CAD system in the early stage mass detection.
Abstract: An ipsilateral multi-view computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme is presented for the earlier mass detection in digital mammograms. Tree structured nonlinear filtering (TSF) is used in image noise suppression. Two wavelet-based methods, directional wavelet transform (DWT) and tree structured wavelet transform (TSWT) are employed for image enhancement. Adaptive fuzzy-C means (FCM) algorithm is conducted for segmentation. Concurrent analysis is employed for iterative analysis of ipsilateral multi-view mammograms to raise detection sensitivity and specificity, and a supervised three-layer artificial neural network (ANN) in which the backpropagation (BP) algorithm combined with Kalman filtering is used as training algorithm is developed as a classifier, which has been trained using the training database with biopsy proven truth files. The application of such CAD system in digital mammography is reported in this article. The test database consists of 200 cases in which the distribution of normal, abnormal cases balanced, and free-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) analysis method is used to test the performance of the developed unilateral CAD system. The performance comparison has been conducted between the final ipsilateral mufti-view CAD system and current single-view CAD system. The study results have shown that the advantages of ipsilateral mufti-view CAD method over current single-view CAD system express the feasibility of ipsilateral multi-view CAD system combined with concurrent analysis method described in this paper for the improvement of overall performance of CAD system in the early stage mass detection.
14 Oct 2001
TL;DR: A novel approach to detecting microcalcifications in x-ray mammography has been explored, based on the use of the physics-based image representation hint and use of anisotropic diffusion to filter hint images, which becomes a method of detecting both noise and microcalCifications in mammograms.
Abstract: Recent figures show that approximately 1 in 11 women in the western world will develop breast cancer during the course of their lives. Early detection greatly improves prognosis and considerable research has been undertaken to this end. Mammographic images are difficult to interpret even by radiologists and this makes their task error prone. One of the earliest non-palpable signs is the appearance of microcalcifications, typically 0.5 mm in diameter, representing small deposits of calcium salts in the breast. A novel approach to detecting microcalcifications in x-ray mammography has been explored. The method is based on the use of the physics-based image representation hint [1] and use of anisotropic diffusion to filter hint images. The diffusion process becomes a method of detecting both noise and microcalcifications in mammograms.
CERN1
11 Mar 2001-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: A prototype GaAs pixel detector able to perform digital mammography which contains two features which give enhanced performance compared with standard mammographic systems: it can detect low contrast test objects, inaccessible for traditional systems and, using its higher intrinsic detection efficiency, can reduce the radiation dose to the patient.
Abstract: We are characterising a prototype GaAs pixel detector able to perform digital mammography which contains two features which give enhanced performance compared with standard mammographic systems: it can detect low contrast test objects, inaccessible for traditional systems and, using its higher intrinsic detection efficiency, can reduce the radiation dose to the patient The prototype is a hybrid assembly of a GaAs detector divided into 64×64 pixels, each of which measures 170 μm on the side, which is bump-bonded to a photon counting chip, PCC, developed by the Medipix collaboration The cells of the readout chip are identical in size to the detector pixels and work in single photon counting mode We have studied the detection efficiency of some assemblies for different bias voltages, reaching in some cases the detector breakdown point To test the assembly in the same clinical conditions used in a standard mammographic system we have tested the prototype with radiation produced by a standard mammographic X-ray tube operating at 28 kVp In particular, working not too far from the detector breakdown point, we are checking its imaging capabilities using a mammographic test phantom with known composition of the materials and therefore known contrast
TL;DR: Digital mammography, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), power Doppler ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), isotope imaging: methoxyisobutyl-isonitrile (MIBI) and positron emission tomography (PET) are discussed.
21 Sep 2001-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: The motivation for digital mammography is briefly reviewed, the technical requirements of the X-ray detection system are discussed with reference to the current technology and some important future applications ofdigital mammography are described.
Abstract: Digital mammography offers the potential to improve the accuracy of detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. Key elements of the system are the X-ray detector and the display device and software. The design of each of these must be optimized to provide the expected performance of this new imaging technique. In this article, the motivation for digital mammography is briefly reviewed and the technical requirements of the X-ray detection system are discussed with reference to the current technology. Some important future applications of digital mammography are described.
TL;DR: The limitations of the current film-based technology and why digital mammography promises to improve breast cancer detection and breast lesion diagnosis are described, and the basics of digital imaging technology are reviewed.
Abstract: This article reviews the available information on digital mammography for surgeons who care for patients with breast cancer. The limitations of the current film-based technology and why digital mammography promises to improve breast cancer detection and breast lesion diagnosis are described. The basics of digital imaging technology are reviewed, including a description of image contrast and spatial resolution and its variance from currently available clinical digital mammography systems. The results of clinical trials completed to date are reported. An upcoming large screening trial for digital mammography, sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, is described. Future technological developments, including improvements in softcopy display, image processing, computer-aided detection and diagnosis (CADD), tomosynthesis, and digital subtraction mammography (DSM), are briefly discussed.
TL;DR: The cost-effectiveness and accuracy of the technology warrant careful study before digital mammography becomes widely disseminated and potentially replaces screen-film mammography, a technology that has been well documented to reduce breast cancer mortality.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The detectability of details was best with the digital mammography in CCD-technique, which should be able to replace conventional screen film technique.
Abstract: Comparison of image quality in X-ray mammography between conventional film screen film system (SFS), digital phosphor storage plate in and without magnification technique (CR) and digital CCD-technique (CCD). Radiograms of an RMI-mammography phantom were acquired using a conventional screen film system, three digital storage plate systems and two digital systems in CCD-technique. Additionally, the radiograms of one digital phosphor storage plate system were post-processed regarding contrast and included in the comparison. The detectability of details was best with the digital mammography in CCD-technique. After confirming these promising results in clinical studies, digital mammography should be able to replace conventional screen film technique.
01 Dec 2001
TL;DR: This chapter is to highlight the various issues related to digital mammography by providing a brief overview of the segmentation techniques used in this area, and discusses some of the enhancement techniques widely used in mammographic research.
Abstract: Medical image segmentation is of primary importance in the development of Computer Assisted Detection (CAD) in mammographic systems. The identification of calcifications and masses requires highly sophisticated techniques that can isolate regions of interest from noisy backgrounds. The main objective of this chapter is to highlight the various issues related to digital mammography by providing a brief overview of the segmentation techniques used in this area. We first introduce the role of image segmentation in mammography in section 9.2. This section discusses a typical image analysis system for digital mammography and discusses the issues related to difficulties with segmentation. In order to understand the segmentation process, it is important to discuss some salient aspects of breast anatomy. This is detailed in Section 9.3. Various breast components are explained alongside the description of breast cancers. Image acquisition and storage formats are important as a predecessor to image analysis in mammography and these are discussed next in Section 9.4. This section also discusses different modes of mammography, image digitization and commonly used formats. Image segmentation cannot be isolated from some form of pre-processing that improves the visibility of objects of interest from their background. Section 9.5 discusses some of the enhancement techniques widely used in mammographic research. Often, the process of enhancement is difficult to verify, and therefore quantitative measures are sorely needed to select an optimal enhancement technique for a given data set.
04 Nov 2001
TL;DR: The results of the t-test suggested that the possible compression ratios using JPEG2000 for digital mammographic images may be as much as 15:1 without visual loss or with preserving significant medical information at a confidence level of 99%, although both PSNR and ROC analysis suggests as muchAs 80:1 compression ratio can be achieved without affecting clinical diagnostic performance.
Abstract: Medical images such as CR, and digital mammographic images will require large storage facilities and long transmission times for PACS implementation. ACR-NEMA group is planning to adopt a JPEG2000 compression algorithm in DICOM standard to better utilize medical images. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the compression ratios of JPEG2000 for digital mammographic images using peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), ROC analysis and the t-test. The traditional statistical quality measures such as PSNR, which is a commonly used measure for the evaluation of reconstructed images, measures how the reconstructed image differs from the original by making pixel-by-pixel comparisons. The ability of how accurate to discriminate diseased cases from normal cases is evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. ROC curves can be used to compare the diagnostic performance of two or more reconstructed images. The t-test can be also used to evaluate the subjective image quality of reconstructed images. The results of the t-test suggested that the possible compression ratios using JPEG2000 for digital mammographic images may be as much as 15:1 without visual loss or with preserving significant medical information at a confidence level of 99%, although both PSNR and ROC analysis suggests as much as 80:1 compression ratio can be achieved without affecting clinical diagnostic performance.
01 Dec 2001
TL;DR: This chapter presents the future aspects of the segmentation techniques covered in this book, and describes many different kinds of models of CVGIP1 and PR2.
Abstract: In previous chapters, we saw the application of segmentation in different areas of the body, such as the brain, heart, breast and cells. We covered many different kinds of models of CVGIP1 and PR2, but with the pace at which research in segmentation is progressing, this book would be incomplete if it did not also envision the future of segmentation techniques for the above mentioned areas. Therefore, we present in this chapter the future aspects of the segmentation techniques covered in this book.
TL;DR: Digital mammography represents a promising procedure, opening new possibilities for improved diagnostic in mammography, according to initial results.
Abstract: Objective The aim of this survey was to determine improved diagnostics through digital mammography with assistance of computer algorithms and new investigation techniques. Material and methods In general, the presented procedures are practicable with all digital mammography procedures. In our clinic the largest clinical experience exists with the only FDA certified full field mammography device Senograph 2000D (GE Medical Systems). Results First results from initial studies are shown, which are to evaluate the new procedures. The so-called post processing with visualization of microcalcifications, computer-assisted diagnosis, tomosynthesis, energy subtraction, contrast media in mammography and teleradiology are considered in particular. Conclusion Digital mammography represents a promising procedure, opening new possibilities for improved diagnostic in mammography.
07 Aug 2001
TL;DR: This paper discusses the initial efforts to design and develop a digital mammography data warehouse to facilitate clinical and research activities and designs an infra-structural information system by incorporating various kinds of breast imaging data into a digital data warehouse.
Abstract: This paper discusses our initial efforts to design and develop a digital mammography data warehouse to facilitate clinical and research activities. Data warehouse is a complete and consistent integration of data from many information sources. It enables users to explore the warehouse for various analysis and decision support purposes. We are designing an infra-structural information system by incorporating various kinds of breast imaging data, from a diversity of existing clinical systems, into a digital data warehouse. Various types of breast imaging data, including patient demographics, family history, digital mammography and radiological reports, will be acquired for the University of California San Francisco digital mammography PACS modules, as well as Radiological Information System.