Dilemma

About: Dilemma is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16202 publications have been published within this topic receiving 250251 citations. The topic is also known as: Dilemna.

Turkey and the Arab Spring: Between Ethics and Self-Interest

Abstract: Turkey has redefined its geographical security environment over the last decade by deepening its engagement with neighboring regions, especially with the Middle East. The Arab spring, however, challenged not only the authoritarian regimes in the region but also Turkish foreign policy strategy, which was based on cooperation with the existing regimes without prioritizing the democracy promotion dimension of the issue. The upheavals in the Arab world therefore created a dilemma between ethics and self-interest in Turkish foreign policy. Amid the flux of geopolitical shifts in one of the unstable regions of the world, Turkish foreign policy-making elites try to rectify their strategies to overcome this inherent dilemma in question. The central argument of the present paper is that Turkey could make a bigger and more constructive impact in the region by trying to take a more detached stand and through controlled activism which will act in coalitions and in close alignments with the United States and the European countries rather than a self-attributed unilateral over-pro-activism.

Ethnicity and Conflict in Physical Education

Abstract: There has been little research dealing with the issues of teaching ethnic minority groups in physical education (PE), in particular that which takes the percep- tions of teachers and their pupils as the focal point to examine the issues and conflicts. This research takes a social action perspective by studying Muslim children in a northern comprehensive school. The areas of conflict are highlighted, such as PE kit, showers, Ramadan and extra-curricular activities, through the pupils' perceptions. This leads to a discussion on the clash of values between the PE teachers with their traditional values of PE and the Muslim cultural values. In particular it points out the dilemma offollowing policies of equality of opportunity at the same time as multicultural and anti-racist ones in PE, the lack of awareness of Muslim values and feelings on behalf of the PE teachers; and the way the child is caught between the two cultures and values. The research points to the need for better preparation of teachers, in-service education and training, anti-racist policies and links with the community at the educationist's level, and the dilemma posed by empowerment at the political level. The discussion locates the issues in PE in the wider education and societal debate of different cultures.

Co-evolution in iterated prisoner's dilemma with intermediate levels of cooperation: application to missile defense

Abstract: There is a widespread perception that in conflict situations, more intermediate choices between full peace and total war makes full peace less likely. This view is a motivation for opposing the proposed National Missile Defense. This perception is partly due to research in the abstract game of Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma. This paper critically evaluates this perception.

The Arab-Israeli Dilemma

Abstract: Traces the history of Palestine, discusses the formation of Israel, and describes the attitudes on each side of the Mideast conflict.