Topic
Dilemma
About: Dilemma is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16202 publications have been published within this topic receiving 250251 citations. The topic is also known as: Dilemna.
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TL;DR: In this article, a history of the use of ethnographic research methodology in professional education can be found in the archives of the American Educational Research Association (AERA) and the American Psychological Association (APA).
Abstract: To know the history of something is to know more about it. Unfortunately, there is not enough space in this essay to provide a history of the use of ethnographic research methodology in professional education. However, one has only to examine the "artifacts" of the American Educational Research Association to note an increase in the use of the term ethnography in the association's journals, annual programs, workshops, and communications. Of particular note in the message of the artifacts is a "great debate" over qualitative versus quantitative research. Perhaps because anthropologists are eclectic in their use of research methodologies (see Table 1), whether psychological, sociological, humanistic, or those of the pure sciences, they are rarely faced with this dilemma. If quantitative methods are useful in producing a more precise picture of a society, they are readily utilized. It would appear from this "artifact analysis" that to date little attention has been paid to the interpretation of ethnographic research. This may be because ethnography can be defined in two ways: as a methodology or as a portrait of a culture. The latter definition will be the focus of this essay. In short, what constitutes good cultural description and interpretation? In attempting to answer this question, one is immediately confronted with the question: Who is going to provide the description, the ethnographer as an observer or the natives participating in the culture? Perhaps one could suggest simplistically that there are two major views of culture, one holding that culture is the product of the carriers of the culture and the other that culture resides in the minds (psychic) of the participants. Goodenough (1964) distinguishes these two orders of reality as (a) the phenomenal order of observed events or the regulators they exhibit (ho
60 citations
TL;DR: The results of this study suggest that undergraduate and graduate nursing programs must place more emphasis on identifying dilemmas, increasing ethical/moral reasoning levels and attributing responsibility in a justifiable manner.
Abstract: A study of 227 baccalaureate and 111 master's nursing students was conducted to determine the influence of the level of formal education on three selected factors: ethical/moral reasoning, attribution of responsibility, and ethical/moral dilemma resolution Moral development theory and Heider's attribution of responsibility construct provided the theoretical framework A comparison of the overall index of ethical/moral reasoning showed that graduate students reasoned at a higher level than undergraduate students The amount of attribution of responsibility assigned and the dilemma resolution score did not differ for the two groups The results of this study suggest that undergraduate and graduate nursing programs must place more emphasis on identifying dilemmas, increasing ethical/moral reasoning levels and attributing responsibility in a justifiable manner Nurse researchers must continue to study how nurses respond in dilemma situations and how personal characteristics, factors in the environment, education, and the assignment of responsibility affect nurses' ability to resolve ethical/moral dilemmas
60 citations
Book•
23 Nov 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a leaderless movement of extremists in the Middle East: Arabs are no Exception, Muslims are Not Only Muslims, Angry Young Men 5. Social Networks 6. A Leaderless Movement 7. The Islamist Dilemma 8. A Wasted Century 9. Dispensable Jihadis 10. A New Beginning
Abstract: 1. Arabs are no Exception 2. Muslims are Not Only Muslims 3. The Freedom Agenda 4. Angry Young (wo)men 5. Social Networks 6. A Leaderless Movement 7. The Islamist Dilemma 8. A Wasted Century 9. Dispensable Jihadis 10. A New Beginning
60 citations
TL;DR: The authors reviewed several controversial publications that have been the focus of debates about dual-use life science research and critically examined relevant policy developments, particularly in the United States of America, and argued that the majority of debates have primarily involved science and security experts rather than ethicists.
Abstract: Scenarios where the results of well-intentioned scientific research can be used for both good and harmful purposes give rise to what is now widely known as the "dual-use dilemma". There has been growing debate about the dual-use nature of life science research with implications for making biological weapons. This paper reviews several controversial publications that have been the focus of debates about dual-use life science research and critically examines relevant policy developments, particularly in the United States of America. Though the dual-use dilemma is inherently ethical in nature, the majority of debates about dual-use research have primarily involved science and security experts rather than ethicists. It is important that there is more ethical input into debates about the governance of dual-use research.
60 citations