Topic
Dilemma
About: Dilemma is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16202 publications have been published within this topic receiving 250251 citations. The topic is also known as: Dilemna.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the effectiveness of a pledge in enhancing cooperation in a public goods dilemma, where participants are faced with a conflict between two choices: maximizing personal interests (defection) or maximizing collective interests (cooperation).
55 citations
08 Sep 2002
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discussed the potential of using such arrangements in relation to the efficiency/effectiveness dilemma and emphasized the balance between the need for public accountability, the efficient regulation of higher education, and institutional change must be given high priority in refining existing contractual arrangements.
Abstract: Steering higher education through the establishment of a “contract” between the state and the individual higher education institution is becoming an increasingly popular way of regulating the relationship between the two actors in the Nordic countries. This article addresses some theoretical foundations for this approach derived from principal/agent theory and analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of established contract arrangements in Finland, Sweden, and Denmark. The article discusses the potential of using such arrangements in relation to the efficiency/effectiveness dilemma. It is emphasized that trust is vital in solving this dilemma and that the balance between the need for public accountability, the efficient regulation of higher education, and institutional change must be given high priority in refining existing contractual arrangements.
55 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new approach to the emergent patterns of global life by tracing a bifurcation in which the statecentric world coexists and interacts with a diffuse multi-centric world consisting of diverse "sovereignty-free" actors who endlessly confront an "autonomy" dilemma that differs significantly from the "security" dilemma of states.
Abstract: The changing world scene is marked by innumerable developments for which extant paradigms have, at best, strained and insufficient explanations. Here the analysis undertakes a fresh approach to the emergent patterns of global life by tracing a bifurcation in which the state-centric world coexists and interacts with a diffuse multi-centric world consisting of diverse "sovereignty-free" actors who endlessly confront an "autonomy" dilemma that differs significantly from the "security" dilemma of states. An outline of the basic structures and processes of this two-world universe of world politics suggests that its equilibrium may derive from cyclical patterns in which orientations at the micro-level toward authority and legitimacy vary systematically to redress the balance of systems and subsystems at the macro level.
55 citations
08 Oct 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight on the value and usefulness of information as it affects rural community development and the need for it to be managed effectively, they also provide a framework for which library and information services can be sustain to foster rural communities development by making information as influential factor.
Abstract: The provision of information services in Africa has been dispersed and access to various information services has become more difficult; the principal victims of these developments have been rural people without having any individual means of becoming literate, due to them being too illiterate, too young, too old, too poor or too ill because of the economic and information poverty. The paper will provide a highlight on the value and usefulness of information as it affects rural community development and the need for it to be managed effectively. The premise of the paper is that promoting the role of information through the establishment of innovative community information centre (ICIC) will strengthen and empower the rural people to be among global players in the knowledge-based economy and also it will provide the opportunities for rural community development in general. This entails that the development of any rural community is a positive indicator for the development of a nation. Finally the paper provides a framework for which library and information services can be sustain to foster rural community development by making information as influential factor, which serves as an agent of social, educational, economic and political development.
55 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest competitive individuals may be particularly susceptible to social cues that trigger competitive behavior and reported higher satisfaction with the task than those low in competitiveness.
Abstract: This experiment examined the competitive behavior in a seven-choice Prisoner's Dilemma game of 108 adult students (68 women, 40 men) classified as high, average, or low in competitiveness based on their scores on the Competitiveness Index. Participants were then presented one of three preprogrammed response conditions representing (1) Competitive, (2) De-escalating, or (3) Noncompetitive conflict behavior from a simulated opponent. Participants high in competitiveness engaged in more competitive behavior and reported higher satisfaction with the task than those low in competitiveness. As expected, the Competitive conditions elicited more competitive behavior than Noncompetitive conditions. The results suggest competitive individuals may be particularly susceptible to social cues that trigger competitive behavior.
55 citations