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Dilemma

About: Dilemma is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16202 publications have been published within this topic receiving 250251 citations. The topic is also known as: Dilemna.


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31 Oct 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a set of guidelines for assessing moral jeopardy in a political ecology, including the following: 1. Features of Extraction. Gambling in a Political Ecology 2. Effects of Degradation 3. A Culture of Permissiveness 4. Role Conflict.
Abstract: 1. Introduction. Features of Extraction. Gambling in a Political Ecology 2. Subtle Degradation. Internal Threats and Moral Jeopardy. Individual Examples of Moral Jeopardy. Effects of Degradation 3. Governments. Patterns of Proliferation. Roles within Government. Role Conflict. A Culture of Permissiveness 4. Communities. Community Harms. Community Benefits. Risks from Community Benefit Funding. Dimensions of Moral Jeopardy. Moral Jeopardy and Democracy 5. Freedom in the Media. Becoming a 'Real City'. Three Freedoms. Points of Resistance 6. Gambling Advertising. Functions of Gambling Advertising. Psychological Explanations. Rhetorical Explanations. Conclusion 7. Researchers. The Researcher's Dilemma. Researcher-Industry Relationships. Inconvenient Research 8. Helping Professionals on the Frontier. Problem Gambling Helping Organizations. Inhabitants of Frontier Towns. Industrial Relations. From Frontier to Settlement 9. Protecting Independence. Minimising Harm to Democratic Systems. Protective Measures. The Willingness to Protect 10. Strategies for Change: Three Ways Ahead. Gambling and Harm Minimisation. Guidelines for Assessing Moral Jeopardy. Setting International Benchmark Standards. Monitoring Future Strategies 11. Facing the Future. Visioning the Future. Future Moral Jeopardy

53 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted five homogeneous focus groups consisting of either urban-citizens or pig farmers to make the participants aware of their own perspectives and underlying norms and values concerning animal welfare, farm practices or consumer behavior.
Abstract: The Dutch pig husbandry has become a topic of public debate. One underlying cause is that pig farmers and urban-citizens have different perspectives and underlying norms, values and truths on pig husbandry and animal welfare. One way of dealing with such conflicts involves a learning process in which a shared vision is developed. A prerequisite for this process is that both parties become aware of their own fixed patterns of thoughts, actions, and blind spots. Therefore, we conducted five homogeneous focus groups consisting of either urban-citizens or pig farmers. The first part of the sessions aimed to make the participants aware of their own perspectives and underlying norms and values concerning animal welfare, farm practices or consumer behavior. Then, by the use of role-play and film fragments showing the perspectives of the other party, we aimed to stimulate frame reflection. The farmers maintained their own perspective and defended their practices. They denied the perspective of the urban-citizens by portraying them as ignorant of the “factual” farm practices. They proposed the use of one-way information, but our results indicate that this is likely to fail as a strategy to support or restore public acceptance. Our case shows hardy any consensus regarding the relevance of the facts at stake and a very limited amount of shared values. However, the shared love for animals together with the recognition by the urban-citizens of the inescapable dilemma for farmers to adopt a use-framing towards animals might provide an opening for further learning strategies.

53 citations

ReportDOI
18 Mar 1997
TL;DR: The dilemma arises when there is an expectation that the 'answer lies with that someone' at the top' as discussed by the authors, and it is time to examine the leader role and its many facets and dimensions.
Abstract: : Twenty-first century leaders will operate in highly changing, complex, and fast-paced environments than previously experienced. The new millennium will bring palates of various challenges, opportunities, and seemingly intractable problems. These situations will demand innovative responses. Time to collect the data, understand its various nuances, synthesize it, and act on it is limited. Hierarchical organizations will give way to organizations that are flatter. The dilemma arises when there is an expectation that the' answer lies with that someone' at the top'. It is time to examine the leader role and its many facets and dimensions. Altering our definition of leadership and expanding our understanding of it is required. To insure success, identifying leadership skills, knowledge, and abilities for the future is a must.

53 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Simon Locke1
TL;DR: The authors argue that the "flip-flop" view set forth by Collins and Pinch is a deficit model that positions the public as sociologically incompetent, and that this dilemma is an outcome of a deeper tension within science between the universal status of knowledge claims and the particular, human conditions of knowledge production.
Abstract: “Golem science” is Harry Collins and Trevor Pinch's humanized image of science, filled with irresolution, that they wish to substitute for the “god-like” image of definitive knowledge characteristic of public presentations of science. This god-like image creates unrealistic expectations that fuel “anti-scientific” reactions when unmet. This paper argues that the “flip-flop” view set forth by Collins and Pinch is a deficit model that positions the public as sociologically incompetent. It reflects the dilemma of professional social scientists who deconstruct science whilst appealing to the authority of science. This dilemma is an outcome of a deeper tension within science between the universal status of knowledge claims and the particular, human conditions of knowledge production. Drawing on discursive (or rhetorical) psychology, I show that this tension plays out in the rhetorical organization of scientific discourse in the form of a characteristic contrast between empiricist and contingent repertoires. A ...

53 citations

01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: Social reward shaping is a well-known technique applied to help reinforcement-learning agents converge more quickly to nearoptimal behavior as mentioned in this paper, which is reward shaping applied in the multi-agent learning framework.
Abstract: Reward shaping is a well-known technique applied to help reinforcement-learning agents converge more quickly to nearoptimal behavior In this paper, we introduce social reward shaping, which is reward shaping applied in the multiagentlearning framework We present preliminary experiments in the iterated Prisoner’s dilemma setting that show that agents using social reward shaping appropriately can behave more effectively than other classical learning and nonlearning strategies In particular, we show that these agents can both lead —encourage adaptive opponents to stably cooperate— and follow —adopt a best-response strategy when paired with a fixed opponent— where better known approaches achieve only one of these objectives

53 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20231,755
20223,399
2021483
2020491
2019527
2018490