Topic
Dilemma
About: Dilemma is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16202 publications have been published within this topic receiving 250251 citations. The topic is also known as: Dilemna.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine how this demographic shift impacts on planning practice and make a suggestion for changing the culture of planning and planning processes to recognize plurality as points of departure in planning practice.
Abstract: Planners in the USA and other Western European countries are faced with the dilemma of how to deal with the demands of an increasingly multicultural population. This problem has become more acute as the number of immigrants from non-European countries has grown in the last several decades. This paper examines how this demographic shift impacts on planning practice. Two planning practice issues are examined; historic preservation and housing for ethno-cultural groups. The paper discusses why these two issues and other emerging demands of ethno-cultural groups matter to planners. A suggestion is made for changing the culture of planning and planning processes to recognize plurality as points of departure in planning practice.
52 citations
TL;DR: The Economist magazine's influential mid-2003 survey on water declared the central dilemma: "Water has been ill-governed and, above all, it has been inefficient" as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Economist magazine's influential mid-2003 survey on water declared the central dilemma: “Throughout history, and especially over the past century, [water] has been ill-governed and, above all, ...
52 citations
52 citations
DOI•
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have discussed the history of Islamic education in the country and the Western type of education (maktab) is of more recent date, the latter type has expanded rapidly recently.
Abstract: Afghanistan has a long history of Islamic education while Western type of education (maktab) is of more recent date. The latter type of education has expanded rapidly recently. However, girls’ enro ...
52 citations
TL;DR: This paper tested the hypothesized effects of crisis and empowerment messages under controlled conditions in the laboratory and found that crisis messages may actually backfire by undermining belief in the ability to "make a difference," while empowerment messages affirm efficacy but encourage free riding.
Abstract: Collective action can be problematic for two reasons - we may get little or no additional benefitfrom our own efforts should we choose to contribute (the "efficacy problem"), yet we will enjoy the benefits of others' efforts even if wefail to contribute (the "free-rider problem"). Movement mobilizers address the free-rider problem by issuing crisis messages that call attention to impending disaster and the urgent need for action. These messages discourage free riding by making clear that soon there may be no more public resources to enjoy for free. Mobilizers address the efficacy problem by issuing empowerment messages that emphasize the fact that positive change is possible and is, in fact, happening. Crisis messages are especially prominent in the "tragedy of the commons" because of the accelerating impact of overconsumption. The "mobilizer's dilemma" is that crisis messages may actually backfire by undermining belief in the ability to "make a difference," while empowerment messages affirm efficacy but encourage free riding. We tested the hypothesized effects of crisis and empowerment messages under controlled conditions in the laboratory. In two separate experiments, members of a large group were confronted with a resource depletion problem under conditions of uncertainty. We manipulated the content of persuasive messages and measured the effect on selfrestraint in harvesting the commons. The results confirmed the mobilizer's dilemma and pointed to a way out. Whether we realize it or not, we are now engaged in an epic battle to right the balance of the earth, and the tide of this battle will turn only when the majority of people in the world become sufficiently aroused by a shared sense of urgent danger to join an all-out effort.
52 citations