Topic
Dimethylformamide
About: Dimethylformamide is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6793 publications have been published within this topic receiving 87752 citations. The topic is also known as: Dimethyl formamide & N,N-Dimethylformamide.
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TL;DR: In this article, a Bacillus subtilis-Escherichia coli shuttle vector was developed in order to increase the size of the mutant library that could be established in B.subtilis and the stringency of the screening process was increased to reflect total as well as specific activity.
Abstract: Sequential rounds of error-prone PCR to introduce random mutations and screenrng of the resultant mutant libraries have been used to enhance the total catalytic activity of subtilisin E significantly in a non-natural environment, aqueous dimethylformamide (DMF). Seven DNA substitutions coding for three new amino acid substitutions were identified in a mutant isolated after two additional generations of directed evolution carried out on 10M subtilisin E, previously ‘evolved’ to increase its specific activity in DMF. A Bacillus subtilis-Escherichia coli shuttle vector was developed in order to increase the size of the mutant library that could be established in B.subtilis and the stringency of the screening process was increased to reflect total as well as specific activity. This directed evolution approach has been extremely effective for improving enzyme activity in a non-natural environment: the resulting-evolved 13M subtilisin exhibits specific catalytic efficiency towards the hydrolysis of a peptide substrate succlnyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-p-nitroanilide in 60% DMF solution that is three times that of the parent 10M and 471 times that of wild type subtilisin E. The total activity of the 13M culture supernatant is enhanced 16-fold over that of the parent 10M.
298 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed description of the thermal reduction of graphite oxide (GO) dispersed in solvent (H2O and dimethylformamide (DMF)) at temperatures of 100 and 150 °C, respectively, was provided.
Abstract: The thermal behavior of graphite oxide (GO) is essential to study and design GO reduction and functionalizion reaction. We provide a detailed description of the thermal reduction of GO dispersed in solvent (H2O and dimethylformamide (DMF)) at temperatures of 100 and 150 °C, respectively. The thermal stability and structure change of GO during the thermal treatment were characterized using UV−vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that at temperatures of 100 and 150 °C the carboxylic and carbonyl groups decomposed. GO dispersed in H2O and DMF at temperatures of 100 and 150 °C exhibited increased rates of reduction than in dry condition. Moreover, the reduction rate was found to be highly dependent on the solvent used. At 150 °C, DMF accelerates the GO reduction rate significantly, while dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has less acceleration effect. Howe...
265 citations
TL;DR: Tetra-2,3-pyridinoporphyrazines and corresponding water-soluble N,N′, N′′, n′′-Tetramethyl-tetra 2,3 pyridephoricrazine complexes, containing central metal atoms; M=Ge, Sn, Si and Zn, were synthesized and their photochemical properties were investigated.
Abstract: Tetra-2,3-pyridinoporphyrazines and the corresponding water-soluble N,N′,N′′,N′′′-tetramethyl-tetra-2,3-pyridinoporphyrazine complexes, containing central metal atoms; M=Ge, Sn, Si and Zn, were synthesized and their photochemical properties were investigated The reductive quenching of pyridinoporphyrazines excited states, enhanced relative to phthalocyanines, was considered as the first photochemical step of dyes phototransformation in dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solutions under irradiation with visible light Efficiency of singlet oxygen photosensitization decreases significantly in the row phthalocyanines, unquaternized, quaternized tetra-2,3-pyridinoporphyrazine metallocomplexes
264 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of solvent type and temperature on the formation of the α and β phases from solution cast PVDF was investigated, and it was shown that the type of phase formed depends on the crystallization rate of PVDF, which in turn is determined by the evaporation rate of the solvent.
259 citations
TL;DR: The scope of the new reaction medium is outlined for the first time for the vinylation of various aryl halides using different mono- and disubstituted olefins as well as a variety of known palladium(0) and palladium (II) catalyst systems.
Abstract: Nonaqueous ionic liquids, that is molten salts, constitute an activating and stabilizing noninnocent solvent for the palladium-catalyzed Heck-vinylation of all types of aryl halides. Especially with chloroarenes an improved activity and stability of almost any known catalyst system is observed as compared to conventional, molecular solvents (e.g. dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), or dioxane). Thus, even catalytic amounts of ligand-free PdCl2 yield stilbene from technically interesting chlorobenzene and styrene in high yield (turnover number (TON) = 18) without the need for further promoting salt additives such as tetraphenylphosphonium chloride. The scope of the new reaction medium is outlined for the first time for the vinylation of various aryl halides using different mono- and disubstituted olefins as well as a variety of known palladium(0) and palladium(II) catalyst systems. Furthermore, a novel means of catalyst recycling is presented and its scope is evaluated.
256 citations