scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Diplomacy

About: Diplomacy is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16029 publications have been published within this topic receiving 177673 citations.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a theory of ratification in the context of domestic political games and international political games, which is applicable to many other political phenomena, such as dependency, legislative committees, and multiparty coalitions.
Abstract: Domestic politics and international relations are often inextricably entangled, but existing theories (particularly “state-centric” theories) do not adequately account for these linkages. When national leaders must win ratification (formal or informal) from their constituents for an international agreement, their negotiating behavior reflects the simultaneous imperatives of both a domestic political game and an international game. Using illustrations from Western economic summitry, the Panama Canal and Versailles Treaty negotiations, IMF stabilization programs, the European Community, and many other diplomatic contexts, this article offers a theory of ratification. It addresses the role of domestic preferences and coalitions, domestic political institutions and practices, the strategies and tactics of negotiators, uncertainty, the domestic reverberation of international pressures, and the interests of the chief negotiator. This theory of “two-level games” may also be applicable to many other political phenomena, such as dependency, legislative committees, and multiparty coalitions.

6,155 citations

Book
01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, a theory of international politics, describes the struggle for political power, and discusses balance of power, international law, disarmament, and diplomacy. But this theory does not consider the role of women in international politics.
Abstract: Offers a theory of international politics, describes the struggle for political power, and discusses balance of power, international law, disarmament, and diplomacy.

3,179 citations

Book
14 Jun 1995
TL;DR: The concept of order in world politics was introduced 25 years ago by Andrew Hurrell as discussed by the authors, who revisited The Anarchical Society 25 years on by Andrew H. Hurrell.
Abstract: Foreword to the Third Edition: The Anarchical Society 25 years on by Andrew Hurrell Foreword to the Second Edited: Revisiting The Anarchical Society by Stanley Hoffmann Preface Introduction PART 1: THE NATURE OF ORDER IN WORLD POLITICS The Concept of Order in World Politics Does Order Exist in World Politics? How is Order Maintained in World Politics? Order versus Justice in World Politics PART 2: ORDER IN THE CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM The Balance of Power and International Order International Law and International Order Diplomacy and International Order War and International Order The Great Powers and International Order PART 3: ALTERNATIVE PATHS TO WORLD ORDER Alternatives to the Contemporary States System The Decline of the States System? The Obsolescence of the States System? The Reform of the States System? Conclusion

2,348 citations

Book
01 Jan 1966
TL;DR: In this paper, Schelling argues that military power is not so much exercised as threatened in our world of nuclear weapons, and the exploitation of this power, for good or evil, to preserve peace or to threaten war, is diplomacy-the diplomacy of violence.
Abstract: Traditionally, Americans have viewed war as an alternative to diplomacy, and military strategy as the science of victory. Today, however, in our world of nuclear weapons, military power is not so much exercised as threatened. It is, Mr. Schelling says, bargaining power, and the exploitation of this power, for good or evil, to preserve peace or to threaten war, is diplomacy-the diplomacy of violence. The author concentrates in this book on the way in which military capabilities-real or imagined-are used, skillfully or clumsily, as bargaining power. He sees the steps taken by the U.S. during the Berlin and Cuban crises as not merely preparations for engagement, but as signals to an enemy, with reports from the adversary's own military intelligence as our most important diplomatic communications. Even the bombing of North Vietnam, Mr. Schelling points out, is as much coercive as tactical, aimed at decisions as much as bridges. He carries forward the analysis so brilliantly begun in his earlier The Strategy of Conflict (1960) and Strategy and Arms Control (with Morton Halperin, 1961), and makes a significant contribution to the growing literature on modern war and diplomacy. Stimson Lectures.Mr. Schelling is professor of economics at Harvard and acting director of Harvard's Center for International Affairs. "An exemplary text on the interplay of national purpose and military force."-Book Week. "A grim but carefully reasoned and coldly analytical book. . . . One of the most frightening previews which this reviewer has ever seen of the roads that lie just ahead in warfare."-Los Angeles Times. "A brilliant and hardheaded book. It will frighten those who prefer not to dwell on the unthinkable and infuriate those who have taken refuge in the stereotypes and moral attitudinizing."-New York Times Book Review.

1,522 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Joseph S. Nye1
TL;DR: A smart power strategy combines hard and soft power resources as discussed by the authors, which is the ability to affect others to obtain the outcomes one wants through attraction rather than coercion or payment, is the capability of a country's soft power.
Abstract: Soft power is the ability to affect others to obtain the outcomes one wants through attraction rather than coercion or payment. A country's soft power rests on its resources of culture, values, and policies. A smart power strategy combines hard and soft power resources. Public diplomacy has a long history as a means of promoting a country's soft power and was essential in winning the cold war. The current struggle against transnational terrorism is a struggle to win hearts and minds, and the current overreliance on hard power alone is not the path to success. Public diplomacy is an important tool in the arsenal of smart power, but smart public diplomacy requires an understanding of the roles of credibility, self-criticism, and civil society in generating soft power.

1,138 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
International relations
41.7K papers, 829K citations
91% related
Politics
263.7K papers, 5.3M citations
91% related
Democracy
108.6K papers, 2.3M citations
90% related
Ideology
54.2K papers, 1.1M citations
84% related
Capitalism
27.7K papers, 858K citations
82% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20242
20231,317
20222,942
2021628
2020758
2019726