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Showing papers on "Dipole antenna published in 2004"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a reactive impedance surface (RIS) as a substrate for planar antennas that can miniaturize the size and significantly enhance both the bandwidth and the radiation characteristics of an antenna.
Abstract: The concept of a novel reactive impedance surface (RIS) as a substrate for planar antennas, that can miniaturize the size and significantly enhance both the bandwidth and the radiation characteristics of an antenna is introduced. Using the exact image formulation for the fields of elementary sources above impedance surfaces, it is shown that a purely reactive impedance plane with a specific surface reactance can minimize the interaction between the elementary source and its image in the RIS substrate. An RIS can be tuned anywhere between perfectly electric and magnetic conductor (PEC and PMC) surfaces offering a property to achieve the optimal bandwidth and miniaturization factor. It is demonstrated that RIS can provide performance superior to PMC when used as substrate for antennas. The RIS substrate is designed utilizing two-dimensional periodic printed metallic patches on a metal-backed high dielectric material. A simplified circuit model describing the physical phenomenon of the periodic surface is developed for simple analysis and design of the RIS substrate. Also a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) full-wave analysis in conjunction with periodic boundary conditions and perfectly matched layer walls is applied to provide comprehensive study and analysis of complex antennas on such substrates. Examples of different planar antennas including dipole and patch antennas on RIS are considered, and their characteristics are compared with those obtained from the same antennas over PEC and PMC. The simulations compare very well with measured results obtained from a prototype /spl lambda//10 miniaturized patch antenna fabricated on an RIS substrate. This antenna shows measured relative bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency of BW=6.7, G=4.5 dBi, and e/sub r/=90, respectively, which constitutes the highest bandwidth, gain, and efficiency for such a small size thin planar antenna.

653 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new framework for the analysis of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems is introduced to account for mutual coupling effects in the antenna arrays and the multiport interactions at transmit and receive are characterized by representing the channel using a scattering parameter matrix.
Abstract: A new framework for the analysis of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems is introduced to account for mutual coupling effects in the antenna arrays. The multiport interactions at transmit and receive are characterized by representing the channel using a scattering parameter matrix. A new power constraint that limits the average radiated power is also introduced. The capacity of the MIMO system with mutual coupling is defined as the maximum mutual information of the transmit and receive vectors over all possible transmit signaling and receive loading. Full-wave electromagnetic antenna simulations combined with a simple path-based channel model are used to demonstrate the utility of the method.

614 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The planar inverted cone antenna (PICA) as mentioned in this paper provides ultrawideband (UWB) performance with a radiation pattern similar to monopole disk antennas, but is smaller in size.
Abstract: A new antenna, the planar inverted cone antenna (PICA), provides ultrawideband (UWB) performance with a radiation pattern similar to monopole disk antennas , but is smaller in size. Extensive simulations and experiments demonstrate that the PICA antenna provides more than a 10:1 impedance bandwidth (for VSWR<2) and supports a monopole type omnidirectional pattern over 4:1 bandwidth. A second version of the PICA with two circular holes changes the current flow on the metal disk and extends the high end of the operating frequency range, improving the pattern bandwidth to 7:1.

319 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a printed circular disc monopole antenna for ultra-wideband applications is presented, and the parameters which affect the performance of the antenna are investigated. Good agreement is achieved between simulation and experiment.
Abstract: A novel and simple design of a printed circular disc monopole antenna for ultra-wideband applications is presented. The parameters which affect the performance of the antenna are investigated. Good agreement is achieved between simulation and experiment.

314 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for UWB applications is proposed, which is designed to operate from 3.2 to 12 GHz and consists of a rectangular patch with two steps, a single slot on the patch, and a partial ground plane.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a new ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for UWB applications. The proposed antenna is designed to operate from 3.2 to 12 GHz. It consists of a rectangular patch with two steps, a single slot on the patch, and a partial ground plane. Details of the proposed antenna design and measured results are presented and discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 399–401, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11392

304 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present optical measurements of random arrays of aligned carbon nanotubes and show that the response is consistent with conventional radio antenna theory, and demonstrate the polarization effect, the suppression of reflected signal when the electric field of the incoming radiation is polarized perpendicular to the nanotube axis.
Abstract: We present optical measurements of random arrays of aligned carbon nanotubes, and show that the response is consistent with conventional radio antenna theory. We first demonstrate the polarization effect, the suppression of the reflected signal when the electric field of the incoming radiation is polarized perpendicular to the nanotube axis. Next, we observe the interference colors of the reflected light from an array, and show that they result from the length matching antenna effect. This antenna effect could be used in a variety of optoelectronic devices, including THz and IR detectors.

266 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
S.R. Best1
TL;DR: The radiation properties of several electrically small, folded spherical helix antennas are presented in this paper, where the principle design objectives are to achieve self resonance, a low quality factor (Q), and a practical radiation resistance for small values of ka.
Abstract: The radiation properties of several electrically small, folded spherical helix antennas are presented. The primary variables considered in the design of these antennas are the number of helical turns and the number of helical arms. The principle design objectives are to achieve self resonance, a low quality factor (Q), and a practical radiation resistance for small values of ka. Designs are presented for ka less than 0.5, where the antennas are self resonant, exhibiting an efficiency in excess of 95%, a Q within 1.5 times the fundamental limit, and a radiation resistance near 50 /spl Omega/. The relationship between the number of helical turns, the number of helical arms, and achieving self resonance at low frequencies is discussed.

260 citations


Proceedings Article
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: In this article, a planar antenna based on the zeroth order resonator (ZOR) which resonates with an infinite wavelength was studied, where the resonant frequency of the ZOR antenna is determined not by the physical resonator length but by LC values loaded in the resonator.
Abstract: A novel planar antenna based on the zeroth order resonator (ZOR) which resonates with an infinite wavelength is studied. Since the resonant frequency of the ZOR antenna is determined not by the physical resonator length hut by LCvalues loaded in the resonator, the antenna size can he arbitrary regardless of the operation frequency and, therefore, one can have I freedom in radiation pattern design. A small-sued four-unitsell ZQR antenna with 75% foot print area reduction compared with a conventional patch antenna with a broad radiation pattero is demonstrated at 4.88 GHz with a broad radiation.

242 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A small and low-cost antenna solution for radio frequency identification (RFID) tags is presented that is applicable in many different environments because the impedance of the antenna is immune to the platform.
Abstract: A small and low-cost antenna solution for radio frequency identification (RFID) tags is presented. The impedance of the antenna is designed to match directly to the impedance of the RFID microchip. Also, the impedance of the antenna is immune to the platform. Thus, the antenna is applicable in many different environments. The design and measurement results are reported and discussed.

238 citations


Patent
02 Feb 2004
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a multi-band planar antenna applicable as an internal antenna in small-sized mobile stations, and to a radio device including an antenna according to the invention, based on a conventional dual band PIFA with its feeding and shorting conductors and a non-conducting slot.
Abstract: A multi-band planar antenna applicable as an internal antenna in small-sized mobile stations, and to a radio device including an antenna according to the invention. The basis is a conventional dual band PIFA with its feeding and shorting conductors and a non-conducting slot. The planar element ( 220 ) has a second slot ( 232 ) known as such, which starts at the edge of the planar element on the other side of the feeding conductor ( 221 ) and shorting conductor ( 211 ) than the above-mentioned slot ( 231 ). In addition the structure comprises a second shorting conductor ( 212 ) on the other side of the second slot, than the feeding conductor. The second slot acts as a radiator, which for instance broadens the upper band of a dual band antenna. The second shorting conductor facilitates a better matching of a multi-band antenna than in corresponding prior art antennas. The antenna is simple, and its manufacturing costs are relatively low.

233 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results from this paper reveal that for closely spaced antennas, the termination can play a noticeable role in determining the diversity gain offered by coupled antennas.
Abstract: A new analysis of mutually coupled diversity antenna systems is presented that includes the effects of coupling on the radiation pattern and received power. This analysis, based upon the network scattering parameters, makes use of the singular value decomposition to both specify the characteristics of and analyze terminated antenna networks. The approach facilitates a simplified proof of the multiport conjugate matching condition as well as development of expressions for diversity performance as a function of various impedance terminations. Application of the analysis to coupled dipole antennas characterized using full-wave electromagnetic analysis leads to a comprehensive examination of the diversity performance obtainable for such antennas under different termination conditions. The results from this paper reveal that for closely spaced antennas, the termination can play a noticeable role in determining the diversity gain offered by coupled antennas.

Patent
23 Feb 2004
TL;DR: An antenna arrangement comprises at least two antenna loops disposed and overlapping in a plane to define a detection region adjacent thereto in which the antenna loops transmit and/or receive electromagnetic signals and through which a wireless article may pass.
Abstract: An antenna arrangement comprises at least two antenna loops disposed and overlapping in a plane to define a detection region adjacent thereto in which the antenna loops transmit and/or receive electromagnetic signals and through which a wireless article may pass. The antenna arrangement may be coupled to a processor and/or utilization system for performing a desired function.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The basic concept for the RECAP antenna is verified by comparing theoretical results with measurements for configurations in which the switches are simply wires connecting the patches, and an overview of alternate switch/control strategies, some of which were tested, is given.
Abstract: A reconfigurable aperture (RECAP) antenna is described in which a planar array of electrically small, metallic patches are interconnected by switches. The antenna can be reconfigured to meet different performance goals by changing the switches that are open and closed. The switch configuration for a particular goal is determined using an optimizer, such as the genetic algorithm. First, the basic concept for the RECAP antenna is verified by comparing theoretical results with measurements for configurations in which the switches are simply wires connecting the patches. Next, details are given for a prototype antenna in which field-effect transistor based electronic switches are used with optical control. Theoretical results for the prototype antenna are then compared with measurements for cases in which electronic reconfiguration is used to change the bandwidth of operation or steer the pattern of the antenna. Finally, an overview of alternate switch/control strategies, some of which were tested, is given along with suggestions for improving the next generation of this antenna.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a low profile planar monopole antenna with a shorted parasitic inverted-L wire fed using a microstrip feedline for wireless communications in the wireless local-area network (WLAN) bands is studied.
Abstract: A low-profile planar monopole antenna with a shorted parasitic inverted-L wire fed using a microstrip feedline for wireless communications in the wireless local-area network (WLAN) bands is studied. The driven monopole element and shorted parasitic wire can separately control the operating frequencies of two excited resonant modes, which cover the 2.4-, 5.2-, and 5.8-GHz WLAN bands. This antenna design is not only suitable as a monopole antenna but also as a diversity antenna for 2.4-, 5.2-, and 5.8-GHz band operations. The lower mode of the proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth (2:1 VSWR) of about 188 MHz (2313-2501 MHz), which covers the required bandwidth for 2.4 GHz WLAN band (2400-2484 MHz); on the other band, the upper mode has a bandwidth of about 2843 MHz (3930-6773 MHz) covering the HIPERLAN band (5150-5350 MHz) and 5.8-GHz WLAN band (5725-5852 MHz). For frequencies across the three operating bands, the proposed antenna shows similar monopole-like radiation patterns, and good antenna gain across the operating bands is obtained. Details of the design considerations for the proposed antenna are described, and the experimental results of the antenna performances obtained are presented and discussed.

Patent
21 Apr 2004
TL;DR: In this article, a controller switchable between a reflecting mode and a direct mode is connected to the arrays, which can cause back-to-back pairs of first antenna elements from the arrays to define a feed-through zone for the first antenna beam.
Abstract: A reflector antenna system may include an arc-shaped antenna reflector defining a first antenna beam, and a phased array antenna positioned in the first antenna beam including first and second arrays of antenna elements coupled together in back-to-back relation. The first array may face the antenna reflector, and the second array may face away from it. A controller switchable between a reflecting mode and a direct mode may be connected to the arrays. The controller, when in the reflecting mode, may cause back-to-back pairs of first antenna elements from the arrays to define a feed-through zone for the first antenna beam, and cause second antenna elements in the first array to define a first active zone for the first antenna beam. Furthermore, when in the direct mode, the controller may cause antenna elements in the second array to define a second active zone for a second antenna beam.

Journal ArticleDOI
Bell1, Iskander1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the implementation of electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures with an inherently wide-band Archimedean spiral antenna, which is designed to emulate a perfect magnetic conductor.
Abstract: This letter presents the implementation of electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures with an inherently wide-band Archimedean spiral antenna The EBG structure is designed to emulate a perfect magnetic conductor The combination of technologies produces a low-profile and wide-band antenna Utilization of an EBG structure offers an antenna height reduction of more than 69%, including the thickness of the EBG structure, compared to the traditional /spl lambda//4 cavity backed implementation of spiral antennas Specifically, this approach allows the spiral antenna to maintain a considerable fraction (71 %) of its designed inherent broad-band behavior with no loss to its directive gain In addition, the presented design offers full scalability

Patent
09 Aug 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a broadband multi-dipole antenna that has low input reflection coefficient, low cross polarization, rotationally symmetric beam and constant beam width and phase centre location over several octaves bandwidth.
Abstract: The invention describes a broadband multi-dipole antenna that has low input reflection coefficient, low cross polarization, rotationally symmetric beam and constant beam width and phase centre location over several octaves bandwidth. The dipoles are fed from one or a few feed points, and they may with advantage have log-periodic dimensions. The antenna is more compact, has lighter weight and is cheaper to manufacture than other solutions. It is very well suited for feeding single, dual or multi-reflector antennas.

Patent
29 Mar 2004
TL;DR: In this article, a broadband/multiband circular array antenna is described, which comprises a circular directional array antenna comprising a driven omnidirectional traveling-wave antenna element coupled to a transceiver via a feed and a plurality of surface-waveguide elements symmetrically positioned about and spaced from the antenna element.
Abstract: A broadband/multiband circular array antenna is disclosed. One embodiment comprises a circular directional array antenna comprising a driven omnidirectional traveling-wave antenna element coupled to a transceiver via a feed and a plurality of surface-waveguide elements symmetrically positioned about and spaced from the driven omnidirectional traveling-wave antenna element. Each surface-waveguide element receives a control signal configured to selectively alter its waveguide characteristics to electronically direct a beam to/from the array. The array provides a directionally controllable antenna beam with broadband/multiband frequency performance in a low profile design that is both economical and practical to produce and maintain.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a dual-frequency coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed monopole antenna is proposed and experimentally studied, which utilizes the advantages of the CPW line to simplify the structure of the antenna into a single metallic level, thereby making easier the integration with the microwave integrated circuits.
Abstract: A new dual-frequency design of coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed monopole antenna is proposed and experimentally studied. The proposed antenna utilizes the advantages of the CPW line to simplify the structure of the antenna into a single metallic level, thereby making easier the integration with the microwave integrated circuits. The two operating modes of the proposed antenna are associated with various lengths of two monopoles, in which the longer monopole works for the first resonant mode and the shorter monopole works for the second mode. Moreover, by increasing the width of the longer monopole, a broadband dual-frequency operation is demonstrated. Experimental results show that the impedance bandwidth, determined from 10-dB return loss, of the two operating frequencies can both be greater than 14%. Details of the experimental results are presented and discussed.

Patent
28 Oct 2004
TL;DR: An antenna system of coaxial elements and terminating impedances produces controlled bandwidth, broadband, and wideband performance under a variety of near field influences, with capability for simultaneous and alternating reception and radiation of electromagnetic radio energy as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: An antenna system of coaxial elements and terminating impedances produces controlled bandwidth, broadband, and wideband performance under a variety of near field influences, with capability for simultaneous and alternating reception and radiation of electromagnetic radio energy. The antenna system enables broader bandwidths within miniaturized areas of confinement relative to wavelength. Singular elements of the system enable, and a plurality of elements of the system are combined to form specific bandpass, band reject, duplexing, and diplexing for radio frequencies as a function of the antenna system. The antenna system features complex terminating impedances which combine with characteristic impedances of coaxial structures to yield efficient radiating and matching functions for radio energy over a controlled bandwidth. The antenna system simultaneously utilizes the skin effect of electron flow with different vectors flowing on the internal and the external surfaces of the outside conductor of coaxial antenna elements with different vectors.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a compact 24 GHz Yagi-Uda antenna has been developed using standard design tables and simple scaling to take into account the added capacitance due to the supporting dielectric substrate.
Abstract: A compact 24-GHz Yagi-Uda antenna has been developed using standard design tables and simple scaling to take into account the added capacitance due to the supporting dielectric substrate. The antenna results in a directivity of 9.3 dB, a front-to-back ratio of 11 dB, and a bandwidth of 2.5-3%. The Yagi-Uda antenna has been implemented in an 11-beam system using a planar array and a 2-inch Teflon spherical lens. The measured patterns show a 22 dB gain beam, a cross-polarization level of -24 dB, and a crossover level of -6 dB. The design method presented in this paper is quite straightforward, and can be used to develop low-, medium-, and even high-gain endfire Yagi-Uda antennas.

Patent
30 Jun 2004
TL;DR: An antenna for transmitting and receiving radio frequency energy as mentioned in this paper comprises a conductive radiator comprising a first and a second conductive region for providing a 1 and 2 current path length, respectively, and a feed conductor and a ground conductor operate as meanderline (or slow wave) elements to provide an electrical length longer than a physical length.
Abstract: An antenna for transmitting and receiving radio frequency energy. The antenna comprises a conductive radiator comprising a first and a second conductive region for providing a first and a second current path length. A feed conductor and a ground conductor operate as meanderline (or slow wave) elements to provide an electrical length longer than a physical length.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified printed Yagi antenna with a simplified feed mechanism is proposed, where the driver dipole is fed by a transmission line formed by two parallel strips printed on opposite sides of the dielectric substrate.
Abstract: A modified printed Yagi antenna with a simplified feed mechanism is proposed. In the new design, the driver dipole is fed by a transmission line formed by two parallel strips printed on opposite sides of the dielectric substrate. This simplified feed structure results in the reduction of the transmission line length, and, consequently, the radiation losses. The analysis of the modified Yagi antenna is performed numerically using Ansoft high frequency structure simulator and is experimentally validated.

Patent
06 Oct 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an RFID tag reading system, comprising an antenna system associated with a portal through which said RFID tags may pass, and a beamforming network capable of phase shifting the signals between the power divider and the plurality of antenna elements such that radiated signals from each antenna element add coherently such that the radiated electromagnetic energy is focused at a focal point in the near field region or in the Fresnel region of said antenna system.
Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides an RFID tag reading system, comprising an antenna system associated with a portal through which said RFID tag may pass, said antenna system comprising: a plurality of non-uniformly spaced antenna elements arranged substantially linearly; a power divider for dividing transmit power thereby coupling signals to said plurality of antenna elements; and a beamforming network capable of phase shifting the signals between the power divider and the plurality of antenna elements such that radiated signals from each antenna element add coherently such that the radiated electromagnetic energy is focused at a focal point in the near field region or in the Fresnel region of said antenna system.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a loading technique for improving pulse radiation from bow-tie antennas is introduced, which makes use of a combination of a constant resistive loading along the antenna and a capacitive loading with linearly increasing reactance toward the antenna ends.
Abstract: In this paper, a loading technique for improving pulse radiation from bow-tie antennas is introduced. This technique allows transmission of short transient pulses with very small late-time ringing and relatively high radiation efficiency. It makes use of a combination of a constant resistive loading along the antenna and a capacitive loading with linearly increasing reactance toward the antenna ends. The constant resistive loading is applied using volumetric microwave absorbers to cover one side of the antenna and the linear capacitive loading is realized by constructing narrow slots on the antenna surface. Relatively high radiation efficiency is achieved by choosing the location of the slot nearest to the feed point in such a way that radiation from it combines constructively with radiation from the feed point. Using a 0.8-ns monocycle for excitation, the technique results in a level of late-time ringing of lower than -40 dB and at the same time the peak value of the transmitted pulse is 54% higher than that of the same antenna without loading.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a dual-frequency antenna based on the Sierpinski fractal with two parasitic patches to enhance the impedance bandwidth is presented, which has been designed using a method of moment commercial code and has been experimentally tested, obtaining two bands with a broad bandwidth and similar radiation patterns.
Abstract: A dual-frequency antenna based on the Sierpinski fractal with two parasitic patches to enhance the impedance bandwidth is presented. An electrical circuit model formed by RLC resonators is proposed to learn about the antenna physical behavior and to achieve the dual band operation minimizing a trial-and-error numerical/measurement proofs. The antenna has been designed using a method of moment commercial code and has been experimentally tested, obtaining two bands with a broad bandwidth and similar radiation patterns.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a broadband multimode antenna system for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and diversity applications is presented, which is not based on spatial diversity, as usual MIMO systems, but a combination of pattern and polarization diversity.
Abstract: This paper presents broadband multimode antennas for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and diversity applications. The antenna system is not based on spatial diversity, as usual MIMO systems, but on a combination of pattern and polarization diversity. Different modes of self-complementary, thus extremely broadband, spiral and sinuous antennas are used to decorrelate the signals. It is shown that only one antenna is necessary to receive three uncorrelated signals, thus the space required to place the MIMO antenna is very small. Simulation results and measurements of a typical indoor scenario are given.

Patent
20 Dec 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, the IC tag is mounted in the interior of the enclosure of the cable and thus the radio wave intensity of the first antenna can be prevented from being weakened by a metallic member in the cable.
Abstract: In a wireless IC tag, metallic antennas are deposited as thin films on the front and back surfaces of a spacer, made of a heat-resistant glass epoxy material having a desired dielectric constant, to form a first antenna and a second antenna. An IC chip is mounted in the center of the first antenna. The second antenna functions as an auxiliary antenna for resonating to a desired frequency of a transmission radio wave of the first antenna to strengthen the intensity of the radio wave. Accordingly, even when the IC tag is mounted to a cable or the like, the tag can be mounted in the interior of the enclosure of the cable and thus the radio wave intensity of the first antenna can be prevented from being weakened by a metallic member in the cable.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a square planar monopole antenna capable of providing a very wide impedance bandwidth of larger than 10 GHz is presented, which is achieved by using a new impedance-matching technique of cutting a pair of notches at the two lower corners of the square plane.
Abstract: A new square planar monopole antenna capable of providing a very wide impedance bandwidth of larger than 10 GHz is presented. The ultra-wideband property for the proposed antenna is achieved by using a new impedance-matching technique of cutting a pair of notches at the two lower corners of the square planar monopole. With suitable dimensions of the notches chosen, the impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna can be greatly enhanced to be larger than four times that of a corresponding simple square planar monopole antenna (about 10.7 versus 2.5 GHz in this study). A constructed prototype with an ultra-wideband property covering the 2–11-GHz band for IEEE 802.16a operation is presented and discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 463–466, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20337

Proceedings ArticleDOI
20 Jun 2004
TL;DR: This paper presents the first in-depth results concerning the textile antenna performance in the vicinity of the human body and calculates peak and averaged SAR over 1 g tissue at the 2.4 GHz ISM band.
Abstract: A wearable antenna can be defined as an antenna which is designed and meant for part of clothing In this paper, we address the following issues: (i) textile antenna input-match performance in the vicinity of the human body; (ii) textile antenna radiation characteristics; (iii) power absorbed in the human body; and (iv) peak and averaged SAR over 1 g tissue at the 24 GHz ISM band To our best knowledge, this paper presents the first in-depth results concerning the textile antenna performance in the vicinity of the human body Numerical results with and without the presence of the human body are discussed in detail