Topic
Dipole model of the Earth's magnetic field
About: Dipole model of the Earth's magnetic field is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2756 publications have been published within this topic receiving 83021 citations.
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TL;DR: The evidence for the existence of the magnetic field of the planet Mars and for the effectiveness of the dipolar part of the field as an obstacle to the solar wind at the most frequent parameters of the latter is presented in this paper.
Abstract: The evidence is presented for the existence of the magnetic field of the planet Mars and for the effectiveness of the dipolar part of the field as an obstacle to the solar wind at the most frequent parameters of the latter. The dipolar magnetic moment of Mars is (1.5–2.20 × 1022 G cm3. The dipole axis makes an angle i⩽15‡ with the rotation axis of the panel. The magnetic north pole of Mars is located in its southern hemisphere. In terms of the precession dynamo model, the magnetic fields of the Earth and Mars are similar. This indicates that the Martian magnetic field is associated with the present-day dynamo-process in the Martian liquid core.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the Tsyganenko (1987, 1989) magnetic field models to map the electric field distribution of Heppner and Maynard (1987) into the geomagnetic tail and infer the velocity of the CPS convective flow.
Abstract: The authors use the Tsyganenko (1987; 1989) magnetic field models to map the electric field distribution of Heppner and Maynard (1987) into the geomagnetic tail and infer the velocity of the CPS convective flow. They obtain qualitatively different convection patterns from the two Tsyganenko models. Results obtained with the 1987 model predict a narrow jet of earthward moving plasma in the center of the CPS, while the 1989 model predicts relatively uniform earthward convection throughout the CPS. Based on in situ observations of CPS convection, they conclude that the 1989 model provides the most realistic mapping. They also suggest that the effects of field-aligned currents should be incorporated into the magnetic field models to improve mapping.
20 citations
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: The Earth's magnetic field is created and governed by processes and material in the Earth's interior This field is not restricted to the inside, the surface, or the atmosphere of the Earth, but reaches far above the Earth into space as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Earth's magnetic field is created and governed by processes and material in the Earth's interior This field is not restricted to the inside, the surface, or the atmosphere of the Earth, but reaches far above the Earth into space If that space were empty or only populated with neutral gases, there would be no consequences However, that space is not a vacuum but, starting at a height of about 100 km, is filled with ionized gas
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the current-sheet source surface model to estimate the magnetic field from near the solar surface to 1 AU by using a combination of interplanetary scintillation observations matched to in situ velocities and densities, assuming mass and mass flux conservation.
Abstract: A component of the magnetic field measured in situ near the Earth in the solar wind is present from north–south fields from the low solar corona. Using the Current-sheet Source Surface model, these fields can be extrapolated upward from near the solar surface to 1 AU. Global velocities inferred from a combination of interplanetary scintillation observations matched to in situ velocities and densities provide the extrapolation to 1 AU assuming mass and mass flux conservation. The north–south field component is compared with the same ACE in situ magnetic field component—the Normal (Radial Tangential Normal) Bn coordinate—for three years throughout the solar minimum of the current solar cycle. We find a significant positive correlation throughout this period between this method of determining the Bn field compared with in situ measurements. Given this result from a study during the latest solar minimum, this indicates that a small fraction of the low-coronal Bn component flux regularly escapes from closed field regions. The prospects for Space Weather, where the knowledge of a Bz field at Earth is important for its geomagnetic field effects, is also now enhanced. This is because the Bn field provides the major portion of the Geocentric Solar Magnetospheric Bz field coordinate that couples most closely to the Earth's geomagnetic field.
20 citations
TL;DR: The relativistic electron flux at geosynchronous orbit (GEO) was persistently quiet in 2009 for almost a whole year as discussed by the authors, and the solar wind speed, which has been known as a primary parameter controlling the outer belt electrons, was very slow in 2009 as expected and at a comparably low level as of 1997 when we did not observe such a persistently calm condition.
Abstract: [1] Relativistic electrons at geosynchronous orbit (GEO) were persistently quiet in 2009 for almost a whole year. The solar wind speed, which has been known as a primary parameter controlling the outer belt electrons, was very slow in 2009 as expected and at a comparably low level as of 1997 when we did not observe such a persistently quiet condition. Since the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) was quite different between 1997 and 2009, the difference in IMF is a possible cause of the difference in the electron flux levels, providing an important clue to understand the complex source and loss process of relativistic electrons at GEO. We suggest that the extremely weak IMF of the very slow solar wind plays an essential role in diminishing the source processes themselves associated with magnetic storms and substorms, and in turn to suppress the relativistic electron flux at GEO over the time scale of a year, as an inevitable consequence of extremely weak open magnetic field of the Sun associated with the extremely weak current solar minimum.
20 citations