Showing papers on "Direct methanol fuel cell published in 2022"
TL;DR: In this article , the design and construction of dual-role catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells is reviewed and a discussion of the various dual role catalysts is given.
48 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the controllable synthesis, mechanism, and catalytic performance of Au-based nanocatalysts such as PtAu core-shell nanostructures and self-supporting Au@Pt NPs for the methanol oxidation reaction are summarized.
Abstract: The recent development of Aurum (Au) introduced Platinum (Pt) based nanomaterials is of great significance to direct methanol fuel cell as electrocatalysts for anode reactions, due to its stability and anti-poisoning features. Therefore, the performance of PtAu based catalysts with different elements, atomic ratio, and morphology was studied in methanol solution to further improve its electrocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the effects of Au have aroused the researchers’ attention in Pt-based nanocatalysts. In this review, we summarize the controllable synthesis, mechanism, and catalytic performance of Au introduced Pt-based electrocatalysts such as PtAu core-shell nanostructures, PtAu dendrite, PtAu nanowires, self-supporting Au@Pt NPs, and Au@Pt star-like nanocrystals for the methanol oxidation reaction. Finally, the challenges and research directions for the future development of PtAu based catalysts are provided.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an amino-sulfonic acid-based bi-functionalized MOF (MNCS), containing flexible sulfonic acid chains, was prepared by an uncomplicated and efficient one-step modification method.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this article , surface modified sepiolite (MS) was integrated with polyvinylidene fluoride grafted polystyrene (PVDF-g-PS) copolymer as PEM in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a review of previously developed graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4)-containing-electrocatalysts based on the active sites present (e.g., non-metals, noble metals, and non-noble metals) for methanol electro-oxidation is presented.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a facile approach for PtCuNi electrocatalysts with adjustable inner and surface configurations was reported. But the PtCuNIC core-shell alloy nanoparticles (PtCuNi-CS NPs) were not considered.
Abstract: A key challenge for direct methanol fuel cells is the sluggish reaction kinetics, poor anti-CO poisoning ability, and insufficient Pt utilization of platinum-based catalysts during methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). Herein, we report a facile approach for PtCuNi electrocatalysts with adjustable inner and surface configurations. By judiciously controlling the nucleation/growth kinetics, PtCuNi core-shell alloy nanoparticles (PtCuNi-CS NPs) fortified with a Cu-rich core and a Pt-rich shell are obtained. Especially, PtCuNi-CS NPs show the highest mass activity and specific activity toward MOR, 5.7 and 5.1 times higher than those of commercial Pt/C. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the PtCuNi-CS NPs with a suitable d-band center possess excellent electro-oxidation activity. Additionally, the doping of Cu and Ni atoms endows the PtCuNi-CS NPs with enhanced OH* adsorption. This work provides an effective design strategy to develop Pt-based trimetallic electrocatalysts as efficient anode materials for fuel cell applications.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article , three new sulfonated and semi-crystalline poly(ether ketone)-type copolymers (Cr-SPEK) were synthesized and evaluated as proton exchange membranes.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the structure of nanocatalysts, as well as support materials for DMFCs that can be 3D, 2D, 1D, or 0D.
14 citations
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a review of the development of self-supporting carriers for flexible direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) electronics is presented, and an overview of the most ideal DMFC carrier in the future provides new ideas for the challenges and development of the commercialization of flexible DMFC.
Abstract: Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) can be used as a promising portable power device due to its excellent energy conversion efficiency and low pollutant emissions. The performance of DMFC largely depends on the anode electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). As an important part of the electrocatalyst, the carrier greatly affects the activity and stability of the electrocatalyst. Herein, the research progress of carbonaceous carriers (such as activated carbon, nanostructured carbon), noncarbonaceous carriers (metal compounds), and conducting polymers in DMFC is reviewed. Furthermore, an overview of the development of self-supporting carriers for flexible DMFC electronics is presented. Its role as the most ideal DMFC carrier in the future provides new ideas for the challenges and development of the commercialization of flexible DMFC.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the composite outline of graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) supported palladium nanoparticle (PdNPs) can act as high catalytic performance for the electro-oxidation of methanol in the presence of alkaline media.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors reported the preparation of hierarchical Co 9 S 8 nanowires trapped in N-doped carbon nanotubes (N,S-Co@CNT) derived from melamine showing high activity for anodic methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in alkaline medium.
TL;DR: In this paper , a review of the methanol tolerant noble metal-based electrocatalysts, including platinum and palladium-based alloys, noble metal carbon-based composites, transition metal based catalysts, carbon based metal catalysts and metal-free catalysts is presented.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present a review of the work developed with pDMFCs using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique as a diagnostic tool, including the EIS fundamentals and the equivalent electric circuit concept.
TL;DR: In this article , a simple and extensible method using ball milling and space-confinement pyrolysis is reported to prepare a series of transition metals and N-C catalysts (M-NLPC), which possess three-dimensional porous carbon substrates and dense active sites for efficient ORR.
Abstract: Electrocatalysts with high cost-effectiveness for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are essential for fuel cells (FC) and Zn-Air batteries (ZAB), which need highly active sites and suitable carbon substrates to accelerate the charge transfer kinetics. Herein, a simple and extensible method using ball milling and space-confinement pyrolysis is reported to prepare a series of transition metals and N-C catalysts (M-NLPC), which possess three-dimensional porous carbon substrates and dense active sites for efficient ORR. M-NLPC catalysts (especially Fe-NLPC) exhibit outstanding ORR activity with a half-wave potential (E1/2, 0.88 V) in an alkaline medium, high stability, and strong methanol resistance. The M-N4 sites are proven to be the active centers in M-NLPC by theoretical calculation, and methanol molecules are more likely to desorb than react on the Fe-N4 sites, which is the origin of the inactivity for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). Furthermore, Fe-NLPC was applied to membraneless alkaline direct methanol FC (DMFC) in practice, exhibiting outstanding performance. Meanwhile, the Fe-NLPC-based ZAB also shows excellent electrochemical performance.
TL;DR: In this paper , a 3D mathematical model with the serpentine channel is simulated for the cell temperature of 80 °C, 0.5 M methanol concentration, and the results revealed that the zigzag and pin channel are very effective in mitigating water accumulation and ensuring better oxygen supply at the cathode.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors fabricate COF membranes with one-dimensional charged nanochannels using ionic COF nanosheets decorated with sulfonic acid groups, and the freestanding and robust COF membrane exhibits enhanced proton conductivity and suppressed methanol permeability compared to the benchmark Nafion membrane.
TL;DR: In this article , an innovative electrochemical biosensor comprehending a passive direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) assembly, modified by a layer of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) on a carbon fabric anode electrode containing Pt/Ru nanoparticles was presented.
Abstract: • A hybrid methanol fuel cell operating with a biosensor. • One electrode of the fuel cell is the biosensing element. • A molecularly-imprinted polymer tailored in situ for carcinoembryonic antigen. • The overall power of the hybrid cell is carcinoembryonic antigen concentration dependent. • This hybrid fuel cell pursues an application in point-of-care. This work describes the development of an innovative electrochemical biosensor comprehending a passive direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) assembly, modified by a layer of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) on a carbon fabric anode electrode containing Pt/Ru nanoparticles. This MIP film was prepared from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and polypyrrole (PPy) obtained by in situ electropolymerization of the corresponding monomers on the anode electrode surface. This MIP film is designed to detect an important cancer biomarker- carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). This innovative, all-in-one device works in a simple way. First, CEA is incubated on the anode container of the fuel cell, then methanol is added, followed by the response evaluation (polarization curves determination). As CEA selectively interacts with the MIP film, it blocks the methanol's access to the Pt catalyst, remains specific bonded, and interferes with the subsequent polarization curves of the DMFC. Polarization curves obtained in the presence of standard solutions prepared in buffer and human serum confirmed linear responses of log CEA concentration ranging from 30 to 30 000 ng/mL in both media. The biosensor DMFC showed a sensitive response with a detection limit of 4.41 ng/mL when an aqueous 0.05 M methanol solution was used as fuel. When methanol was replaced by an ethanol solution of the same concentration (using the same setup developed for the DMFC), the lower detection limit of 3.52 ng/mL was obtained. Overall, the obtained results show that methanol/ethanol fuel cells operating without flow-through can be successfully used for the fabrication of self-powered biosensors. The novel biosensor concept presented here is simple, inexpensive, and effective, and can be further developed to meet point-of-care requirements.
TL;DR: In this article , a simple electrospinning method was developed to prepare flexible titanium carbide/carbon nanofibers (TiC/CNFs) film used as GDL.
Abstract: Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is considered as one of the next‐generation power sources for portable electronic devices. However, the problems of structure and materials of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) must be resolved if it is applied in flexible electronic devices. The traditional materials of MEA used in DMFC cannot bend and are easy to break. Moreover, the existence of a microporous layer increases the likelihood of separation of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and catalytic layer. Herein, we develop a simple electrospinning method to prepare flexible titanium carbide/carbon nanofibers (TiC/CNFs) film used as GDL. TiC/CNFs film plays a GDL and a microporous layer dual role. The MEA exhibits enhancing performance and excellent flexibility. The maximum power density of flexible DMFC can reach 20.2 mW/cm2, compared with the GDL made of traditional carbon cloth (18.1 mW/cm2), the maximum power density rises by 11.6%. After 50 consecutive bends, the voltage drops less than 10%. This work would promote the flexibility of DMFC.
TL;DR: In this paper , an efficient bacterial cellulose (BC)-derived carbon aerogel loaded with Ni-based catalyst and WC nanoparticles co-catalyst was developed for the electrooxidation of methanol and urea.
TL;DR: In this paper , a hierarchical quaternary nanocomposite composed of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), polyacrylic acid (PAA), SnO2 layers, and PtRu alloys was designed and prepared.
Abstract: There has been immense interest in the hierarchical design of structural composite materials as electrocatalysts with high performance for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Herein, we rationally designed and prepared a newly hierarchical quaternary nanocomposite composed of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), polyacrylic acid (PAA), SnO2 layers, and PtRu alloys. In this multiple-phase boundary nanostructure, tiny-sized PtRu alloy particles are deposited in a highly dispersed form on the robust CNT support owing to the efficient utilization of covalently grafted PAA brushes and uniformly coated SnO2 layer. The overall electrocatalytic activity of as-prepared CNT-g-PAA@SnO2/PtRu catalysts for methanol oxidation has been thoroughly studied. Among these, the best CNT-g-PAA@SnO2/PtRu catalyst exhibits well-balanced performance with a high mass activity (519.74 mA mg–1 of Pt), a low onset potential (0.16 V), and good If/Ib values (1.40). Furthermore, the activities of the CNT-g-PAA@SnO2/PtRu catalysts were evaluated using the single-cell DMFC test, which reveals superior performance toward methanol oxidation as compared with the reported catalysts. The outstanding performance of the prepared CNT-g-PAA@SnO2/PtRu catalysts is attributed to the good dispersion and small particle size of PtRu alloy nanoparticles (NPs), the high porosity, and the electrical conductivity of the CNT support and the rational synergism with the combined effect (i.e., enhancing the intrinsic activity of PtRu, promoting the formation of active OH species from water, and improving CO poisoning tolerance). This work provides some guidance for the fabrication of hierarchical composite materials for use in DMFCs.
TL;DR: In this paper , the SPEEK membrane was fabricated with halloysite nanoclay and functionalized graphene oxide (f-GO) nanocomposites at various concentrations via dry phase inversion.
TL;DR: In this paper , a co-filling of sulfonated zeolitic imidazolate framework-derived porous carbon (ZIF-C-SO3H) and SSiO2 was used to improve the performance of the SPEEK membrane.
TL;DR: In this article , molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets were anchored onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via a facile in-situ growth method, and then a series of composite PEMs were fabricated via embedding MoS2-coated CNTs in the sulfonated polyether ether ketone matrix.
TL;DR: In this article , the strategy of diatomic synergy is applied to the in-situ synthesis of electrode catalyst material for methanol fuel cells, where the doped Bi and Mn atoms are highly dispersed on and immobilized into the SOD zeolite cage structure as nanocrystals with trace amounts to form the novel Bi/Mn/SOD composite catalyst.
TL;DR: In this paper , an autonomous fuel cell (AFC) system with methanol and/or Dimethyl Ether Steam Reforming (SR) was modeled and simulated in Aspen Plus, evaluating process variables, appropriate operational conditions, and the need for additional processes.
TL;DR: In this article , a Pt/C decorated with phosphate ion was prepared by modified polyol method as cathode catalyst in direct methanol fuel cell system (DMFC), and it was used as a catalysts for ORR in a harsh acidic condition of DMFC.
Abstract: In a direct methanol fuel cell system (DMFC), one of the drawbacks is methanol crossover. Methanol from the anode passes through the membrane and enters the cathode, causing mixed potential in the cell. Only Pt-based catalysts are capable of operating as cathode for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a harsh acidic condition of DMFC. However, it causes mixed potential due to high activity toward methanol oxidation reaction of Pt. To overcome this situation, developing Pt-based catalyst that has methanol tolerance is significant, by controlling reactant adsorption or reaction kinetics. Pt/C decorated with phosphate ion was prepared by modified polyol method as cathode catalyst in DMFC. Phosphate ions, bonded to the carbon of Pt/C, surround free Pt surface and block only methanol adsorption on Pt, not oxygen. It leads to the suppression of methanol oxidation in an oxygen atmosphere, resulting in high DMFC performance compared to pristine Pt/C.
TL;DR: In this article , an easy one-pot synthesis of an NiCuGO composite catalyst through electrodeposition is outlined, and various characterization techniques, such as SEM and XRD, are used for the characterization of the prepared catalyst.
TL;DR: In this article , an extremely robust electrochemical methanol sensing technique that is not sensitive to temperature, cell degradation and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) type is presented. But, the accuracy of this method is limited to ± 0.1 M.