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Directive

About: Directive is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5695 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56084 citations.


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Reference EntryDOI
15 Mar 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a historical perspective on threats and challenges: the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection (PCCIP) and Presidential Decision Directive (PDD) 63.
Abstract: Historical perspective on threats and challenges: the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection (PCCIP) and Presidential Decision Directive (PDD) 63. In recognition of threats to our national infrastructures, President Clinton signed the Executive Order 13010 on July 15, 1996, establishing the PCCIP. The Commission was chartered to conduct a comprehensive review and recommend a national policy for protecting critical infrastructures and assuring their continued operation. The Commission's landmark report—Critical Foundations: Protecting America's Infrastructures—is discussed along with the case and strategy for action in terms of infrastructure interdependencies. An overview of the subsequent PDD 63 is covered, along with research and development needs. Keywords: critical infrastructure protection; President's Commission; Executive Order 13010; Presidential Decision Directive 63; interdependencies; partnership; R&D

19 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: Directive 2011/83 on consumer rights is a case of misleading advertising as discussed by the authors, which is little more than an up-dating of the Directives on doorstep and distant selling which also re-casts them as measures of maximum, not minimum, harmonization.
Abstract: Directive 2011/83 on consumer rights is a case of misleading advertising. Despite its grand title, it is little more than an up-dating of the Directives on doorstep and distant selling which also re-casts them as measures of maximum, not minimum, harmonization. The real interest lies in why the Directive is such a mouse. And this story tells of political resistance to the Commission's original plan to convert also the far more significant Directives on unfair terms and consumer sales to the maximum model. This vertical shift in regulatory responsibility, driven by an aggressive rhetoric of improving "coherence" in harmonized EU contract law, was firmly rejected, with the result that the finally adopted text is stripped of any depth of ambition. Consequently Directive 2011/83 on consumer rights is not without interest for its choice of detailed regulatory technique, explored in this paper, which focuses on pre-contractual information disclosure, post-agreement rights of withdrawal and limited aspects of contractual performance. But much more so, it reveals the contested heart of the EU's internal market project - coherence achieved by suppression of national regulatory competence (unity) or preservation of regulatory experimentation and local autonomy (diversity). The making of Directive 2011/83 demonstrates political readiness to shield the latter from the Commission's current predilection for the former.

19 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In 1988 Spanish politicians enacted legislation to adapt national audit practices to the European Community's Eighth Directive as discussed by the authors, and the 1988 Audit Law was debated extensively in Spain's Congress of Deputies. Excerpts from the political exchanges are employed in the paper to address two issues.
Abstract: In 1988 Spanish politicians enacted legislation to adapt national audit practices to the European Community's Eighth Directive. The 1988 Audit Law was debated extensively in Spain's Congress of Deputies. Excerpts from the political exchanges are employed in the paper to address two issues. First, the debates give some indication of the ways in which the politicians wrestled with the details of the legislation in order to establish a future audit framework considered appropriate for Spain. The paper can be considered, therefore, as an attempt to contribute to a more fuller understanding of one nation's efforts to implement EC Directives. Second, the issue of understanding the changing of Spanish audit legislation is examined from a further perspective. Both the political debates and specific details of the Audit Law are used as a basis for reconsidering one aspect of other work (Garcia-Benau and Humphrey, 1992) which examined the same legislative changes. Whereas their analysis suggested to them a certain ...

18 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023836
20221,824
2021129
2020188
2019245
2018280