Directive

About: Directive is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5695 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56084 citations.

The EMC Directive's requirements for systems and installations

Abstract: This chapter describes the scope of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) directive, its statement of the essential requirements, method of satisfying the essential requirements, evidence of conformity, transitional arrangements that are allowed, and a procedure to allow Member States to require a product to be withdrawn from the market, if it does not satisfy the essential requirement. The EMC directive has resulted in a change in the ad hoc framework for EMC. The consequence of the piecemeal process of regulation of electrical and electronic products has different approaches for different countries. These discrepancies have led to a particular instance of a “technical barrier to trade.” The European Commission identified this barrier in the mid-80s and forwarded a directive whose intent was to harmonize EMC regulations throughout the EU, and therefore encourage the free movement of apparatus and protection of the electromagnetic environment.

The Directive 2014/95/EU – Is there a “New” Beginning for CSR in Romania?

Abstract: The global commandments of sustainable development, assumed and translated by the EU into a series of communications and resolutions, have found themselves a new (and more powerful) expression into the “Directive 2014/95/EU (…) as regards disclosure of non-financial and diversity information by certain large undertakings and groups”; in order to increase the transparency of their sustainability-related actions and results, these companies need to report (starting from 2018, by referring to the financial year 2017) information “relating to, as a minimum, environmental, social and employee matters, respect for human rights, anti-corruption and bribery matters”. As regards the Romanian companies, although they have had a relatively delayed start in terms of embracing CSR initiatives and practices (and SCR reporting respectively), the Directive 2014/95/EU could represent a great opportunity for diminishing the gap – if properly internalized and strategically operationalized. The paper aims to perform a strategic diagnosis analysis on the CSR practices and CSR reporting in Romania, on the threshold of the Directive 2014/95/EU enforcement, in order to make an effective prognosis on its consequences and impacts.

Information Rights and Obligations: A Challenge for Party Autonomy and Transactional Fairness

Abstract: Contents: Autonomy and fairness: the case of public statements, Chris Willett The strategy and the harmonization process within the European legal system: party autonomy and information requirements, Paola Gozzo Evolution of party autonomy in a legal system under transformation - recent developments in Poland under special consideration of the package travel directive, Katarzyna Michalowska From truth in lending to responsible lending, Iain Ramsay EC directives for self-employed commercial agents and on time-sharing a " apples, oranges and the core of the information overload problem, Bettina Wendlandt Information requirements in the e-commerce directive and the proposed directive on unfair commercial practices, Annette Nordhausen Contractual disclosure and remedies under the unfair contract terms directive, Edoardo Ferrante Information disclosure about the quality of goods a " duty or encouragement?, Christian Twigg-Flesner Information and product liability a " a game of Russian roulette?, Geraint Howells Duties to inform versus party autonomy: reversing the paradigm (from free consent to informed consent)? a " a comparative account of French and English law, Ruth Sefton-Green The information requirements in the principles of European private law 'Long-Term Commercial Contracts: Commercial Agency, Distribution, Franchise' - a model for a European civil code?, AndrA(c) Janssen Annex: Principles of European Private Law Long-Term Commercial Contracts: Commercial Agency, Distribution, Franchise, edited by Martijn W. Hesselink Index.

Re-regulating Unsecured Consumer Credit in Japan: Over-indebted Borrowers, the Supreme Court and New Legislation

Abstract: On 29 January 2008 Act Number II of 2008 amending the Consumer Affairs Act, the Commercial Code and the Doorstep Contracts Act was enacted. The main objects of these amendments are to transpose the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive ('UCP Directive'), to ensure the proper transposition of a number of European Union ('EU') consumer protection directives and to improve upon the existing regulatory tools. Malta, as a member of the EU, was required to apply the measures contained in the UCP Directive by not later 12 December 2007. The amendments to the Consumer Affairs Act detail the process that the Director of Consumer Affairs has to follow when investigating an alleged infringement. Under Part X of the Consumer Affairs Act, entitled Compliance Orders. During the discussion of the Bill in Parliament, some important changes were introduced relating to the enforcement of, and appeal from, decisions taken by the Consumer Claims Tribunal.

The law of unintended consequences

Abstract: The medical innovation bill being proposed by Lord Saatchi is laudable in its intentions.1 But the medical innovation bill runs the risk of further embedding the practice of defensive medicine by setting out even more legal criteria that could expand the scope of legally defined medical negligence. Furthermore, the distinction between clinical research with no direct benefit to patient and innovative treatment intended to benefit the patient is an artificial one. Hence, the laudable aims of medical innovation bill are likely to run foul of the EU clinical trials directive. The EU clinical trials directive, which initially set out with the commendable aims of promoting research and protecting patients, ended up stifling academically led, innovative, cutting edge research. The mountains of paperwork essential for demonstrating compliance with EU clinical trials directive choked off the seeds of innovation.2,3 The cancer researchers would be grateful if Lord Saatchi and peers could devote their energies to removing the yoke of EU directive on small, academically led, innovative studies.