Topic
Directive
About: Directive is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5695 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56084 citations.
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TL;DR: The European Union's Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive makes a challenging case for transition theory and its different aspects, as it represents an ongoing and still open-ended case.
81 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare the regulatory and supervisory set-up for financial conglomerates in the US and the EU, and conclude that issues that might require attention from authorities in the future.
Abstract: Over time, the banking, insurance and securities sectors have become increasingly interlinked and one way through which this occurs is via financial conglomerates. Such groups, in particular those that combine banking and insurance, have over time become more important in Europe. They require an appropriate regulatory and supervisory set-up to deal with the specific risks they raise. In the EU, this regulatory set-up was introduced with the Financial Conglomerates Directive (2002) and which Member States are now implementing into national law. The Directive introduces a regime of supplementary supervision, in addition to the one that already exists for the regulated entities of the conglomerate. The Directive covers areas such a capital requirements, intra-group transactions, large exposures, organisational requirements and information exchange between authorities. The paper further compares the regime in the US and the EU. It concludes with issues that might require attention from authorities in the future.
80 citations
TL;DR: The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSF) as mentioned in this paper is the first attempt by the EU to apply an ecosystem-based approach in the regulation and management of the marine environment, marine natural resources and marine ecological services.
Abstract: This article reviews the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, which requires the Member States of the European Union (EU) to put in place measures to achieve and maintain good environmental status of marine waters by 2020. Apart from redressing a long-standing lacuna in EU law, the Directive is also the first concerted attempt by the EU to apply an ecosystem-based approach in the regulation and management of the marine environment, marine natural resources and marine ecological services. The legislative history, conceptual approach, structure and content of the Directive, as well as some of its unique regulatory features, are discussed here. This article concludes that the Directive is primarily focused on harmonising the regulatory and administrative activities of the Member States and that it is too early in the transposition process to identify the practical impacts of the new instrument on the activities of offshore industries and businesses. The Directive nonetheless has the potential to become the p...
80 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a critical review of the European Union Habitats Directive is presented, which requires Member States to designate and protect a network of habitats of European importance, and the use of participatory approaches and instruments adapted to no-net-loss policies such as mitigation banking, while not entirely unproblematic, could ease some of the practical problems of implementing the Directive.
80 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the European Union's Directive on renewable energy and examine how the discussions surrounding its content unfolded, focusing on three contentious issues that were debated during the Directive's development: the definition of renewable energy, the national targets for renewable electricity, and the questions associated with harmonisation.
79 citations