Disadvantaged

About: Disadvantaged is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17050 publications have been published within this topic receiving 337157 citations. The topic is also known as: disadvantaged person.

Effects of Mothers' Parental Efficacy Beliefs and Promotive Parenting Strategies on Inner-City Youth

Abstract: This study investigates the effects of parental efficacy on promotive parenting strategies, children's self-efficacy, and children's academic success in adverse environments. Data were obtained from a 1991 survey of 376 mothers, both White and Black, and their young adolescents in inner-city Philadelphia. Analyses show that beliefs in parental efficacy predict the promotive strategies of Black mothers but not those of White mothers, a difference that reflects the higher risk environments of Black families. They tend to live in more socially isolated and dangerous neighborhoods than White families. Overall, mothers' parental efficacy is a stronger predictor of children's self-efficacy and academic success in disadvantaged family and environmental contexts, such as Black single-parent households and Black families with a weak marriage, than in White families or Black families with a strong marriage. Surprisingly, mothers' efficacy beliefs but not their promotive strategies are associated with the self-effic...

Exploring the Tourism-Poverty Nexus

Abstract: Current discourse surrounding ‘pro-poor tourism’, a term emerging out of the writing of UK researchers in the late 1990s, suggests that tourism can effectively work as a tool to alleviate poverty. This proposition is alluring given that tourism is a significant or growing economic sector in most countries with high levels of poverty. Consequently the idea of utilising tourism to eliminate poverty has been embraced by donors, governments, non-governmental organisations, conservation organisations and tourism bodies, including the World Tourism Organisation. Academic views on the relationship between poverty and tourism have however varied widely over the past half century. While in the 1950s tourism was identified as a modernisation strategy that could help newly-independent Third World countries to earn foreign exchange, in the 1970s and 1980s many social scientists argued that poor people and non-Western countries are typically excluded from or disadvantaged by what tourism can offer. It is thus fascinat...

From financial literacy to financial capability among youth

Abstract: Youth in the United States are facing an increasingly complex and perilous financial world Economically disadvantaged youth, in particular, lack financial knowledge and access to mainstream financial institutions Despite growing interest in youth financial literacy, we have not seen comparable efforts to improve access to financial policies and services, especially among disadvantaged youth Instead of aiming for financial literacy, an approach widely promoted in the United States, we suggest aiming for financial capability, a concept grounded in the writing of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum Building on research in the United Kingdom, the paper proposes that financial capability results when individuals develop financial knowledge and skills, but also gain access to financial policies, instruments, and services The paper addresses theoretical and pedagogical approaches to increasing financial capability, followed by examples of programs in the United States In the conclusion, we discuss implications for policy, practice, and research

Child Development in Rural China: Children Left behind by Their Migrant Parents and Children of Nonmigrant Families.

Abstract: Using recent cross-sectional data of rural children aged from 8 to 18 in Hunan Province of China, this article examines psychological, behavioral, and educational outcomes and the psychosocial contexts of these outcomes among children left behind by one or both of their rural-to-urban migrant parents compared to those living in nonmigrant families. The results showed that left-behind children were disadvantaged in health behavior and school engagement but not in perceived satisfaction. The child’s psychosocial environment, captured by family socioeconomic status, socializing processes, peer and school support, and psychological traits, were associated with, to varying extent, child developmental outcomes in rural China. These influences largely remain constant for the sampled children regardless of their parents’ migrant status.

Macroeconomic Performance and the Disadvantaged

Abstract: A LONG-STANDING, positive relationship between the economic wellbeing of the poor and the growth of the economy has changed. In the 1960s rapid economic growth and a relatively stable macroeconomy were associated with a 10 percentage point reduction in the proportion of people living below the official poverty line. Unstable macroeconomic conditions in the 1970s were associated with no progress against poverty, and the recession of the early 1980s brought substantial increases in poverty. Despite a sustained macroeconomic expansion from 1983 to 1989, however, poverty reduction was only moderate. The poverty rate in 1989, for example, was more than 1 percentage point higher in 1989 than in 1979. Thus, although the experience of the 1960s had suggested that a "rising tide raises all boats," persistent poverty in the 1980s indicates a weakening in the trickle-down mechanism. In this paper, we explore how disadvantaged individuals and families (those in the lower part of the income distribution) fared from the economic growth of the 1980s. We start by documenting the seeming ineffectiveness of macroeconomic growth to help the disadvantaged during this period. Movements in both the poverty rate and family income inequality indicate a break in the relationship between macroeconomic