Showing papers on "Discourse analysis published in 1978"
156 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the true movement is a kind of "agonistic ritual" whose most distinguishing form is confrontation, and they argue that this is the case for all social movements.
Abstract: The author of this essay argues the thesis that the true movement is a kind of “agonistic ritual” whose most distinguishing form is confrontation.
107 citations
01 Nov 1978
44 citations
TL;DR: This article found that adaptation to a partner perceived to be conversationally incompetent can be heard in speech to children, the hard-of-hearing, foreigners, speakers with certain speech defects, the aged, and hospital patients.
Abstract: Adaptations to a partner perceived to be conversationally incompetent can be heard in speech to children, the hard-of-hearing, foreigners, speakers with certain speech defects, the aged, and hospital patients. These adaptations may be controlled partially by the actual performance of partners in conversations, through influences on perceived ability. The first half of this paper describes specific changes in children's conversational abilities in early childhood, which in turn may serve to alter how their partners judge their abilities to understand. The second half of the paper addresses the evidence regarding the level and types of changes in adult speech to children as the child's ability changes.
28 citations
01 Jan 1978
14 citations
Journal Article•
12 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: This bibliography does not only cover purely theoretical works, but also includes applications of pragmatic theory in language teaching, language acquisition, discourse analysis, literary studies, etc.
Abstract: The selection of entries in this bibliography reflects the following definition of pragmatics: The study (i) of the use and extra-linguistic function(s) of language, and (ii) of the relation between such uses or functions and the structure of language, i.e., the contextual appropriateness conditions on the use of language. This bibliography does not only cover purely theoretical works, but also includes applications of pragmatic theory in language teaching, language acquisition, discourse analysis, literary studies, etc. To augment the usefulness of the bibliography, which is arranged alphabetically, a subject and a language index have been added.
01 Oct 1978
TL;DR: The authors describe two specific applications of Discourse Analysis: (1) at the intermediate level, providing tools for the teacher and (2) at an advanced level providing tools to the student.
Abstract: Generally, successful intermediate and advanced students emerge from their ESL classes with strong control of grammar and syntax, and a certain familiarity with idiomatic and colloquial usage. Often, however, these students continue to experience difficulties with English because they limit themselves to literal decoding and coding of language according to structure and semantics. Yet at no level of ESL can a student rely on syntax and vocabulary alone, even when aided by intuition, without regularly misunderstanding language situations. Discourse Analysis can be useful to teachers and students in overcoming such problems. Unlike transformational and structuralist analyses of language, Discourse Analysis focuses on linguistic units above the rank of clause and on their sequences, and takes into consideration situational context and existential meaning. The results of studies in Discourse Analysis by scholars in psychology, sociology, and linguistics are particularly applicable in the language classroom, most obviously in refining teacher/student interaction, in teaching the ability to participate in discourse, and in analyzing discourse in writing. This paper describes two specific applications of Discourse Analysis: (1) at the intermediate level, providing tools for the teacher and (2) at the advanced level, providing tools for the student. Although Discourse Analysis is emphasized as pedagogy in the first instance and as class content in the second, it functions as both at each level.
TL;DR: In this article, women are beginning to appear in the language of politics, but their emergence is halting and contradicts a number of long established habits, such as the use of women's pronouns.
Abstract: “Women are beginning to appear in the language of politics, but their emergence is halting and contradicts a number of long established habits.”
TL;DR: This article showed that the clausal processing strategy is operative in the processing of an auditory speech signal and that the strategy is also operative in a larger discourse context, and they extended the functional interactionist model of language proposed by Bever and Fodor, Bever, and Garrett (1974) to account for discourse phenomena.
Abstract: Considerable research in psycholinguistics has sought to test the hypothesis that the clause is a relevant segmentation unit in the processing of speech. The current interest in linguistic contexts and discourse analysis has raised the question of the validity of the clausal processing strategy suggested by Beyer, Garrett, and Hurtig (1973). Two sentence fragment completion experiments are presented to demonstrate that the clausal processing strategy is operative in the processing of an auditory speech signal and that the strategy is also operative in the larger discourse context. The functional interactionist model of language proposed by Bever (1970) and Fodor, Bever, and Garrett (1974) can be extended to account for discourse phenomena by characterizing the relationship of the psychological processes operative in the encoding of sentences and discourses in the following way: The sentence (clause) is the online perceptual unit while the discourse (proposition/logical event space) is the unit of cognitiv...
01 Jan 1978
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: This author draws a parallel between independent and dependent morphemes, phrases, and clauses on the one hand, andindependent and dependent sentences, pointing out that ‘not all sentences are independent’ and that � ‘there are in fact grammatical constructions which indicate that some sentences are dependent and therefore to be included in some larger linguistic form such as paragraph or discourse’.
Abstract: Stimulated by Z. Harris's ‘Discourse analysis’ which raised the problem of continuing linguistic analysis in a particular connected discourse beyond the limits of a single sentence and by K. L. Pike's hints at the existence of a formal and semantic supra-sentence unit, such as the paragraph, American linguists produced some systematic and coherent descriptions of larger stretches of discourse, pointing towards certain grammatical, lexical, and stylistic relations reaching across sentence boundaries. Although most of these works deal with Amerindian languages, the method of analysis and the terminology they use can readily be applied to other languages, as was done, for instance in English, by V. Waterhouse in ‘Independent and dependent sentences’. This author draws a parallel between independent and dependent morphemes, phrases, and clauses on the one hand, and independent and dependent sentences, on the other, pointing out that ‘not all sentences are independent’ and that ‘there are in fact grammatical constructions which indicate that some sentences are dependent and therefore to be included in some larger linguistic form such as paragraph or discourse’.
TL;DR: In addition to employing current approaches to movement study, instructors should illustrate certain movement-specific concepts by reference to ideomemes as mentioned in this paper, which is a formidable task since the discourse of any one movement is extensive and diverse.
Abstract: Students of rhetoric should be familiar with concepts useful in the critical analysis of movement discourse. Illustrating these concepts is a formidable task since the discourse of any one movement is extensive and diverse. In addition to employing current approaches to movement study, instructors should illustrate certain movement‐specific concepts by reference to ideomemes. Examination of George S. Counts’ rhetorical strategy in Dare the Schools Build a New Social Order illustrates the nature and importance of the concepts, type and stage.
TL;DR: In this paper, the suitability of a modular curriculum for integrating functional and core language learning is assessed, and a number of techniques, including Function Frames and Function Dials, are described.
Abstract: cophone Public Servants learning English in the language training program of the Canadian Government. The paper assesses the suitability of a modular curriculum for integrating functional and core language learning. The development of the module involved ad hoc analysis of telephone discourse. This analysis revealed a complicating factor in applying the concept of function to real speech. The literature and taxonomies of the functional approach create the impression that utterances (utterance here defined as everything one person says before someone else begins to speak) have single functions. An examination of telephone discourse shows an interplay of functions within individual utterances. It may not yet be clear if the same functions exist in all languages. What seems clearer is that functional interplay at the utterance level, and the combinations and sequences, may be far from universal. That idea has important implications for the development of functional techniques. A number of techniques, including Function Frames and Function Dials, are described in this paper. 1. Background
TL;DR: This paper developed a system of questioning to be used by students of argumentation in the classroom at various stages in the course and discussed a philosophical justification, methods of generating questions, and exercises for students in class.
Abstract: This article develops a system of questioning to be used by students of argumentation in the classroom at various stages in the course. A philosophical justification, methods of generating questions, and exercises for students in the classroom ate discussed.
01 Mar 1978
TL;DR: It is established that the structure of classroom discourse is a learned behavior and the more experienced teachers ensured acre opportunities for information transfer.
Abstract: MF-$0.83 Plus Postage. BC Act Available from EDES. *Beginning Teachers; *ClassrccE Coamonicaticn; Discourse Analysis; Educational Research; *English Instruction; Interacticr7 *Interacticn Process Analysis; Secondary Educaticn; Speech Communicatio:-; *Teaching Experience This is en examination cf beginning teachers' acquisition of the structures of classroom discourse. Teachers were compared at the beginning and at the end cf their first teaching year using a discourse analysis system. Thirty-three hours of audintapes from 11 teachers were transcribed an ceded. Teacher initiations during informing, eliciting, and directive exchanges as well as follow-ups to pupil elicits and pupil zesperses were examined. eneTa_iy;-the more experienced teachers ensured acre opportunities for information transfer. This study establishes that the structure of classroom discourse is a learned behavior. (Author) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can he made from the original dccuaent. 714*44******************************************************************# U S. DEPARTMENT CW :1EALTH. EDUCATION A WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS SEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORsOINAINNO IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED CIO NOT NeceSSARIL . REPRESEaT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR Foucv TEE EffECT OF EXPERIENCE ON THE DISCOURS STRUCTURE OF BEGINNING ENGLISH TEACHERS "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE TrIIS MATERIAL IMICROFICHE ONLY HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Thomas N. Khrwin TO TIE EDUCATIONAL RESQuACES INFORMATION (*ENTER (ERICI AND USEPS OF THE ERIC SYSTEM'" Thomas N. numin Gallaudet College Model Secondary School for the Deaf Washington, D. C. 20002 Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Toronto, March, 3 978
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the notion of illicit and illicit in rhetorical appeals and propose a framework to detect and illicitly express rhetorical appeals, which is called Licit and Infringement.
Abstract: (1978). Licit and illicit in rhetorical appeals. Western Journal of Speech Communication: Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 222-230.