Showing papers on "Distilled water published in 1968"

Photochemical combustion of organic matter in sea water, for nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon determination

Abstract: A photochemical reactor, using a medium power mercury arc lamp for oxidation of organic matter in sea water, is described. The decomposition of some known compounds in distilled water and in sea water, using a 380 W lamp, was followed. First order kinetics with rate constants in the range 0·2–4·0 h−1 were observed. All the nitrogen compounds tested, including urea and some of its derivatives, were oxidized quantitatively. Breakdown of phosphorus compounds was rapid, but polyphosphate esters yielded polyphosphate ion which was only slowly hydrolysed to reactive orthophosphate. If polyphosphate is to be determined, hydrolysis by heating with acid should follow the irradiation. Some samples of English Channel water contained 0·02-0–05 fig-axom P/1. as organic polyphosphate.

Pool Boiling on Polished and Chemically Etched Stainless-Steel Surfaces

Abstract: Pool boiling data at atmospheric pressure for mechanically polished and chemically etched 304 stainless steel surfaces in contact with distilled water

Absolute Sound‐Velocity Measurement in Distilled Water

Abstract: Data are presented giving the absolute sound‐velocity values, measured in distilled water, over the temperature range of 0° to 40°C. Measurements were made over the frequency range of 10–70 MHz and path lengths of 0.6–5.1 cm.

Viability of Long-Storaged Airborne Bacterial Aerosols

Abstract: Radioactive tagged Escherichia coli cells were aerosolized from distilled water suspension and stored for 4 hr in a storage chamber where temperature and relative humidity were under control. It was found that increase of air temperature and or decrease of relative humidity increased the death rate. The death rate was proportional to the rate of water evaporation. The presence of chemical additives such as 0.85% sodium chloride solution, 0.20% glucose solution or nonradioactive growth medium all decreased the death rate. It is believed that the viability of airborne bacteria is affected by the presence of chemical additives due to their effect upon water evaporation. Bacterial aerosols from sewage treatment plants can survive a long time due to the presence of chemical additives. This should be considered as a potential hazard to public health.

Freezing capacity of a cryoprobe.

Abstract: Cryoprobe capacity can be compared using the weight of ice formed by freezing the surface of distilled water at 37 C. The effect of increasing the area of contact while still maintaining a constant tip temperature is illustrated. The thermal characteristics of the contact plate alter the amount of water or tissue frozen.

Property studies of a hydrophosphate cement

Abstract: Results of a study to compare a zinc phosphate cement that has a distilled water liquid component with a commercially available zinc phosphate cement that has a phosphoric acid liquid component showed the hydrophosphate cement inferior to the control zinc phosphate cement in almost all properties investigated.

公共用水の水質に関する衛生化学的研究(第6報) : サリチル酸ナトリウム法による水中の硝酸性窒素の定量法

Abstract: It was found that the sodium salicylic acid method is more excellent in point of reproducibility and simplicity than the other methods for the determination of nitrate nitrogen in water. Furthermore, the authors improved the precise conditions of procedures of the method, for example, the prevention of the interference of chloride ion and nitrite ion. The interference by chloride ion was prevented by the addition of the excess quantity of sodium chloride and that by nitrite nitrogen was also prevented by the addition of ammonium sulfamate. It was also ascertained that the method is not interfered by 50 ppm of ferrous or ferric ion, 2000 ppm of calcium and magnesium salts, 250 ppm of ammonia nitrogen and 500 ppm of free chlorine. The details of the procedure are as follows. Take V ml of the test solution containing 2∼20 μg of nitrate nitrogen and 2 ml of the standard solution, in which 20 μg of nitrate nitrogen are contained, in the 100 ml beaker respectively. To each solution add 1 ml of sodium salicylic acid-sodium hydroxide solution, which is prepared by dissolving 1 g of sodium salicylic acid in 100 ml of 0.01 N sodium hydroxide solution, 1 ml of ammonium sulfamate aqueous solution (0.1→100) and 1 ml of sodium chloride aqueous solution (0.2→100), then evaporate the solution to dryness on the water bath. After cooling to room temperature, and 2 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid, agitate gently sometimes and allow to stand for ten∼twenty minutes. When the large quantity of the residue remains by evaporation, it might be better that the sulfuric acid solution is heated on the water bath for ten∼twenty minutes. The absorbance is not influenced by heating. After adding carefully 10 ml of distilled water, transfer the solution to the 50 ml Nessler tube and add dropwise 10 ml of the sodium hydroxide solution (40→100) under cooling, then dilute to 25 ml with water. Measure the absorbance A obtained from the test solution and As obtained from the standard solution at the wave length of 410 mμ against the blank solution procedured in the same way. Concentration of nitrate nitrogen (C ppm) in the test solution was given by the following formula. [numerical formula]

The effect of humus substances on the level of free amino acids in wheat plants

Abstract: The presence of potassium humate (commercial sample of Humussaure Riedel-de Haen A. G., Seelze-Hannover) in distilled water led to an increase in the content of alanine, aspartic and glutamic acid in the overground parts of wheat plants as compared with the content of these substances in control plants grown in distilled water. In plants cultivated on nutrient solutions a higher level of alanine and glutamic acid and a considerably lower level of amides was found than in plants grown in distilled water and in water with humate. Generally the content of amino acids was higher in the overground parts than in the roots after a cultivation period of one week as well as of 14 day. In the overground parts of 1 days old plants the level of aspartic acid, asparagine and alanine was found to be higher and that of glutamine lower than in seven days old plants. In the roots of the examined plants a decrease of the amino acid content accurred almost in all cases after a cultivation period of 14 days as compared to one of 7 days.

Effect of certain variations in diluent and dilution procedure on survival of pseudomonas species grown in various media1

Abstract: Studies on the effect of various diluents on the level of population of pseudomonads grown in skimmilk, nutrient broth, and on agar slants indicate that with skimmilk cultures usually minor increases or decreases in viable counts occurred. With cultures grown in nutrient broth at 25 C, reductions in numbers after holding in phosphate buffered water or distilled water became more prevalent. The viable population of cell suspensions from agar-slant cultures held in either Standard Methods buffer or distilled water decreased rapidly in most instances. The temperature of the diluent did not have a significant effect on the survival of test cultures in various diluents. Studies on the effect of cell concentration on survival of test cultures in various diluents indicate that in general only minor changes in viable count could be attributed to differences in cell concentration. With respect to pH of the diluting fluid, a diluent at pH 7.0 seemed preferable. Experiments with distilled waters from difference sour...

Process for the production of dispersions of vinyl esters of organic acids and hexene-1

Abstract: Film forming aqueous dispersions of a copolymer of a vinyl ester of an organic acid are prepared by dispersing in water a vinyl ester of a saturated monocarboxylic acid and hexene-1 and copolymerizing the ester and hexene-1 in the presence of a free radical catalyst and a surface-active agent and/or a protective colloid. In the example are used: vinyl acetate, hexene-1, sodium lauryl sulphate, two ethylene oxide/nonyl phenol condensates, potassium bicarbonate, distilled water, tertiary dodecyl mercaptan, ammonium persulphate and sodium metabisulphite.

Lytic Action of Egg White Lysozyme on the Food Contaminating Microorganisms

Abstract: 1) To examine the lytic action of egg-white lysozyme on Bacillus subtilis, one loopful of spore suspensions as reported by Akashi were inoculated to 100ml control peptone medium (pH 7.2) and 100ml sample peptoe media (pH 7.2) to which lysozyme was added in the rate of 0.0125, 0.025 and 0.05% concentration respectively, and these media were cultured at 37°C or 72 hours.After culturing, these were heated at 100°C for one hour. Viable bacteria counts of these control and sample heated cultures were measured after culturing on nutrient agar media at 37°C for 48 hours. No growth of organisms were observed in the control culture, however in the sample culture, bacterial number of 1.7×105-1.5×106 was observed.2) These control and sample cultures were centrifuged at 10, 000G for 20 minutes, and supernatant fluids were lyophilized. Each of 0.3g of these lyophilized materials were dissolved in 10ml of distilled water. As standard solutions, 0.3g of N-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine-HCl were dissolved in distilled water. Paper chromatographic investigation was made by using these solutions.These solutions were chromatographed on Toyo No. 51 filter paper with three kinds of solvent…n-butanol-pyridine-water (6+4+3 by vol.), pyridine-acetic acid-ethyl acetate-water (5+1+5+3 by vol.), and n-butanol-acetic acid-water (4+1+5 by vol.) by use of Elson and Morgan spray reagent. Results obtained are as follows:From control solution, no spots were detected, however from sample solution, spots with the same Rf value as that of N-acetylglucosamine were observed. In paper chromatography developed with the solvent system of pyridine-acetic acid-water (6+4+3 by vol.) by use of the spray reagent containing 0.05M Na2B4O7-95% ethanol (1:1 by vol.) and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde-acetic acid (2% w/v), spots from sample solution were identical with those produced from N-acetylglucosamine given by the same treatment. The spots sprayed with Ehrlich reagent were eluted with distilled water and lyophilized.The lyophilized materials were taken up into 10ml of distilled water and hydrolyzed with 2N HCl at 102°C for 72 hours. Hydrolysates were taken up into 10ml of distilled water. Hydrolysates were concentrated under reduced pressure. In the qualitative analysis reported by Ludowieg, these concentrated materials produced the same pink color intensity given by glucosamine HCl showing the peak O. D. value at 538mμ. Hydrolysates examined by one-dimensional chromatography with the solvent of pyridine +ethanol +water (6+4+3 by vol.) gave spot with Ehrlich-reagent, showing the same Rf value as that of glucosamine-HCl.

The effects of suspended sediment, temperature, frequency, and dissolved salts on the dielectric properties of water.

Abstract: Many determinations have been made of the dielectric constant of water, and of its variations caused by temperature and frequency. The dielectric constant of water has a relatively high value as compared with those of many other substances with which water is commonly associated. Consequently, measurements of the dielectric constant (or of the electrical capacitance) of materials such as soil, cereal and grain have been used as indications of their moisture contents. This study was undertaken to determine whether or not a capacitance method can be used to measure sediment concentrations in water. Laboratory measurements were made of varying concentrations of several individual artificial sediments, natural sediments, and pure salts in distilled water. A flow-through-type conductivity cell was used in which the capacitor plates are fixed in relation to each other. The equation for capacitance of the flow through cell can be written as C = kD where C capacitance in farads, k = a constant determined by the physical configuration of the cell, D = dielectric constant, and it is seen that C varies directly as D.

Method and device for the distillation of water from saline solutions

Abstract: 1,135,858. Evaporators, multi-stage flash type; desalination of sea water. COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE. 28 Sept., 1966 [6 Oct., 1965], No. 43390/66. Heading B1B. Sea water is desalinated in multi-stage flash evaporator comprising four coaxial columns 14, 16, 18, 20 which form an axial chamber 13 and three annular chambers 15, 17, 19, arranged at progressively increasing height, each chamber communicating with the adjacent chamber through lower openings 30 and upper openings 26, 28. The arrangement is such that, when the evaporator is in operation, there is an automatic drop in pressure from chamber 13 to chamber 20. The sea water to be distilled, after flowing through heat exchanger 33 and heater 32, is introduced into the lower section of chamber 13. Cold distilled water is supplied to the upper section of chamber 20. The sea water rises successively through the lower sections of chambers 13, 15, 17, 19; and distilled water flows successively through the upper sections of the chambers in the reverse direction. Flash evaporation of some of the sea water takes place in the lower section of each chamber; and the vapours are condensed by a rain of distilled water 24, distributed by perforated plate 27, in the upper section of the chamber. The droplets of distilled water are received in an annular collector 23 in each chamber, and the liquid then flows through openings 28 into the condenser of the next lower chamber. The required difference in pressure between the chambers is established due to the depth of distilled water above the perforated plate 27 in each chamber. Residual brine is withdrawn from chamber 19 through pipe 34, and is in part recirculated with fresh feed to heater 32 and chamber 13. Warm distilled water is withdrawn from the collector in chamber 13, and is cooled by conducting it through heat exchanger 33. Part of the cool distilled water is withdrawn from the system as product, and the remainder is recirculated to the condenser of chamber 20.

Studies on the Marine Bacteria-III

Abstract: The dissolutions of cells of marine and terrestrial bacteria in distilled water were manifested by the turbidity decrease, the release of cell materials, the restoration of turbidity, and the decline of viability. The three test bacteria showed a rapid decrease of turbidity immediately after suspending. The rapid decrease in turbidity did not mean the degree of bacteriolysis. The restoration rates of turbidity by adjusting the mineral concentration in the suspending medium to ASW level were correlated with the viability of cells in the suspensions indicating the degree of damage of cells. The dissolution of 1055-1 in distilled water may be due to a damage of an individual cell inflicted by the deficiency of the divalent cations in the medium, while in case of V. parahaemolyticus it may rather be due to the plasmoptysis of cells in the hypotonicity. The dissolution of cells in distilled water could not be observed in P. fluorescens.

Improvements in evaporators for the distillation of sea water

Abstract: 1,111,569. Multiple effect evaporators; distillation of water. BURNETT & ROLFE Ltd. 20 Dec., 1965 [30 Dec., 1964], No. 52848/64. Heading B1B. Liquid, e.g. sea water, is distilled in a multiple effect evaporator comprising a series of metal plates 1 arranged face to face with spaces between them forming a series of cells 2, the whole series being disposed between a steam chest 23 and a condenser chamber 26. The cells are maintained under reduced pressure by pump 39. Sea water supplied through pipe 13, is distributed through pipes 11 and slots (not shown) so that it flows as a film down the right-hand side of each plate 1. The left-hand side of the first plate is heated by steam chest 23, and the vapour given off from the waterfilm on the other side of the plate flows across the cell 2 and condenses on the opposite plate and thus supplies heat through this second plate to the water-film flowing down its righthand side in the second cell. This same process of evaporation and condensation takes place in the following cells, but in the last cell the vapour condenses on the plate bounding the condenser chamber 26. The bottom of each cell is divided into two adjacent troughs by a vertical plate (not shown). Unevaporated water is withdrawn from the left-hand troughs through pipes 15 which lead to a common pipe 20. Distilled water is withdrawn from the righthand troughs through pipes 17 which lead to a common pipe 22. The unevaporated water and the distillate are withdrawn from the system via pipes 43 and 44, respectively, which pass through heat exchanger 38. The sea water to be distilled is pumped through heat exchanger 38, and is thereby preheated before it reaches to tops of plates 1. The distillation of ethyl alcohol, acetone and toluene is referred to. The recovery of butyl acetate from water is mentioned.