Showing papers on "Distilled water published in 1973"

Morphological, Biochemical, and Growth Characteristics of Pseudomonas cepacia from Distilled Water

Abstract: Studies were conducted on three strains of Pseudomonas cepacia isolated and maintained in distilled water and on a laboratory-subcultured strain transferred to distilled water Optimum growth rates and maximum population yields of the four strains in distilled water were obtained at 37 C, although high population levels (106-107/ml) were reached and maintained over extended incubation periods at temperatures from 18 C to 42 C Two strains were able to grow in distilled water at temperatures ranging from 12 C to 48 C and to survive 48 h and 21 days at 50 C and 10 C, respectively Cells from distilled water cultures inoculated into Trypticase soy broth showed an immediate two- to three-log drop at upper and lower temperature limits; survivors were able to initiate logarithmic growth Results obtained in morphological, biochemical, and antibiotic tests affirmed the strain differences noted in growth studies Images

Benzotriazole as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Immersed Copper

Abstract: The use of benzotriazole as a corrosion inhibitor is briefly reviewed and the theory of its mode of protection for copper in aqueous conditions is considered. The solubility has been found to increase with temperature, and the addition of benzotriazole decreased the pH and increased the conductivity of distilled water. It has been shown to be a good inhibitor for copper and brass when added to many acidic, neutral, and alkaline solutions, and it appears to act as a weak buffer. Copper surfaces pretreated with a hot solution of benzotriazole were found to have an increased resistance to staining in atmospheric environments and also to corrosion when immersed in many solutions of acids and salts. The inhibitor reduced the dissolution of copper in water and thus the pitting of aluminum foil immersed in the same water.

Influence of Food Emulsifiers on Pasting Temperature and Viscosity of Various Starches

Abstract: The influence of monoglycerides (DGMS), stearoyl-2-lactylates (CSL, SSL), and diacetylated tartaric acid esters of monoglycerides (DATE) on amylograph curves of various starches has been investigated. DGMS gave the greatest increase in pasting temperature of wheat and tapioca starch, followed by SSL, CSL and DATE. The pasting temperature of corn and potato starch was less affected by these emulsifiers. Peak viscosity of wheat starch in distilled water was increased by all emulsifiers, and was decreased in tapioca and potato starch. Both pasting temperature and peak viscosity were strongly influenced by variations in pH, and were to some extent also dependent on ion concentration. In hard tap water the peak viscosity was slightly decreased by the anionic emulsifiers (SSL > CSL > DATE), due to the presence of Ca++ and Mg++ ions, while DGMS gave a higher peak viscosity than in distilled water. DATE seems to be more sensitive to variations in pH or ion concentration than the other emulsifiers.

Measurement of heat resistance parameters for spores isolated from canned products.

Abstract: . Spores of Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, B. megaterium and B. pumilus were isolated from canned products. Heat resistance parameters were determined for these spores in distilled water and in different juices and brines. D values for B. subtilis, B. cereus, B. megaterium and B. pumilus suspended in distilled water were 1·5, 0·8, 1·6, and 1·5 min at 212°F. The D value for B. stearothermophilus in water was 3μ4 min at 248°F. Both D and Z values were reduced when spores of B. megaterium were heated in orange and mango juices. Similarly, spores of B. stearothermophilus were destroyed in okra brine faster than in water. Sodium chloride increased the thermal resistance of B. megaterium spores and this effect was independent of NaCl concentration of 2–15%. Pectin also conferred some protection against heat inactivation of spores of B. megaterium but sucrose had no effect.

Inducing sporulation in Alternaria solani I. Effect of water treatment

Abstract: The sporulation was induced when fully grown cultures were given dip or spray treatment with distilled water (cold or hot) and thereafter, kept partially covered at different temperatures. Cultures dipped in cold water (4° C) for 4 minutes or sprayed with cold water (4° C) or hot water (58° C) and thereafter incubated at room temperature (13–26° C) in diffused sunlight, produced maximum number of spores within 60 hours. Incubating water treated cultures in diffused sunlight or complete darkness and age and scraping of the cultures had a considerable effect upon intensity of sporulation. The cultures yield a number of subsequent crops of spores when scraped and given dip treatment with cold or hot water, after obtaining each crop of spores.

Novel flame retardant compositions

Abstract: Sodium antimonate particles wherein 40% or more of the particles are less than 1 micron in diameter and the range of particle diameters is between 0.1 to 8 microns impart an enhanced degree of flame retardancy to synthetic organic polymer compositions containing a halogen source. The flame retardancy is further improved if any alkaline impurities are removed by treating the particles with acidic reagents as required until the aqueous phase of a slurry prepared using distilled water and containing 10% by weight of the particles exhibits a pH of between 6.8 and 7.

Combined water cooler & distiller

Abstract: A combined water distiller and cooler having a boiler and a steam condenser incorporating an expansion chamber with an air inlet over a distilled water accumulating tank so that condensing steam and water condensate may mix with air to improve the potable quality of the distilled water before it drains into the accumulator tank. The evaporator of a refrigeration system used to cool the distilled water is located inside of the distilled water accumulator tank as is the steam condenser coil, so that the combined cooling effect of the refrigerant evaporator and the chilled distilled water are used to condense steam to water in the condenser coil.

Bioactive compounds in the aquatic environment: uptake and loss of DDT and dieldrin by freshwater mussles.

Abstract: Freshwater mussels were exposed to several concentrations of DDT [1, 1, 1-trichloro-2, 2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl) ethane] and HEOD (1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 10-hexachloro-6, 7-epoxy-1, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 7, 8a-octahydro-1, 4-endo-exo-5, 8-dimethanonaphthalene principal component of dieldrin) in natural lake water and in reconstituted distilled water, under continuous flow and constant temperature conditions. The mussels concentrate DDT approximately 2400 fold and HEOD 1200 fold in lake water; they concentrated DDT about 1000 fold in distilled water. The concentration of the insecticide chemicals in the mussels reaches equilibrium with the level in the water faster in lake water than in distilled water and the insecticide chemicals have a shorter half-life in the mussels than in lake water. The half-life of HEOD is 4.7 days in lake water compared to 13.6 days for total DDT residues in lake water. The insecticide chemical residue concentrations are highest in the digestive and reproductive tissue, and lowest in the muscle, mantle, and gill tissues. The residue concentrations are very low in the marsupia (abominal pouch), in the tests made in distilled water, but they are almost as great as those in the digestive-and reproductive tissue, in lake water.

[Studies on the problem of solubility and stability of steroid ovulation inhibitors in water, waste water and activated sludge].

Abstract: Ethinyl estradiol mestranol chlormadinone acetate megestrol acetate medroxyprogesterone acetate ethynodiol diacetate norethisterone acetate norgestrel and lynestrenol were tested in double distilled water and waste water for their solubility and in activated sludge for their stability. The solubility of the various steroids was determined by thin layer chromatography and quantitative fluoroscopic steroid identification. The solubilities ranged from .26 mg/l for ethynodiol diacetate to 4.75 mg/l for ethinyl estradiol. It took longer for the steroids to dissolve in waste water than in double distilled water and not as much as the steroids dissolved in the waste water. A test which involved dissolving mestranol in various mixtures of waste water and double distilled water showed that there is a linear relationship between the amount of mestranol that dissolved and the purity of the solvent. Tests of the steroids in activated sludge showed that while the progestagens disintegrated after 5 days the amount of estrogens in the water remained unchanged. Ethinyl estradiol has a high rate of solution and disintegrates minimally and it is used in most of the ovulation inhibitors on the market in West Germany; therefore it is conceivable that concentrations of ethinyl estradiol could build up in waste water. Although progestagens disintegrate the products of disintegration possibly could form steroid compounds later. Further attention must be given to the problem of steroids from ovulation inhibitors which could accumulate in waste water.

Preparation of sea water muds useful for earth drilling operations

Abstract: A low viscosity sodium carboxymethyl cellulose polymer, eg which has a degree of substitution (DS) of, say, 09 or higher and a Brookfield viscosity of 400 to 3100 centipoise as a 2 percent solution in distilled water at 25°C, when added to a non-dispersed sea water drilling fluid followed by addition of a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (sodium CMC) which has a DS of, say, 09 or higher and Brookfield viscosity of greater than about 10,000 centipoise as a 2 percent solution in distilled water at 25°C yields a low water loss drilling fluid which has a lower viscosity and lower gel strength than when the same materials are added in reverse order or when only one or the other is added step-wise by itself to the drilling fluid

Leaching of solutes and sloughing of potato tuber tissue

Abstract: Thin slices of tissue from low (1.075–1.078 and high (1.092–1.094) specific gravity tubers were soaked in distilled water (100g/250ml) for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours. Following the soak periods, the soak water and remaining tissues were separated and analyzed. Analyses of the soak water included pH, electrical conductivity, total solids, K, P and citric acid. The tissue analyses included total ash, alkalinity of ash, Ca, Mg, total N and phytate P. Other tissue samples were soaked the same periods of time and used to evaluate the amount of sloughing that occurred during cooking. All constituents studied diffused into the water during the soak periods. The greatest loss from the slices occurred in the first 2 to 3 hours and were similar for both specific gravity groups. After 6 hours the average amounts of material in the soak water were: total solids — 23%, P — 68%, phytate P —55%, K — 71%, total ash — 62%, total nitrogen — 56%, Ca — 35% and Mg —50%. Citric acid diffused into the soak water during the first 3 hours and the amount in the water then decreased. This apparent change may be due to metabolism of the acid. The sloughing of tissue decreased with the length of the soak period. The decrease in sloughing was highly correlated (P<1 %) with the length of the soak period, increases in electrical conductivity of the soak water, and with the leaching of all constituents measured.

Counterstaining Golgi-Cox impregnations with luxol fast blue as a myelin stain.

Abstract: Immerse pieces of brain tissue 4 wk in solutions A and B, mixed just before use: A. K2Cr2O7, 1 gm; HgCl2, 1 gm; boiling distilled water, 85 ml. Boil A for 15 min, cool to 2 C and add: B. K2CrO4, 0.8 gm; Na2WO4, 0.5 gm; distilled water, 20 ml. Rinse in water and immerse 24 hr in LiOH, 0.5 gm; KNO3, 15 gm; distilled water, 100 ml. Wash 24 hr in several changes of 0.2% acetic acid and then for 2 hr in tap water. Dehydrate and embed in celloidin. Process a 60 μ section through 70 and 95% ethanol, a 3:1 mixture of absolute ethanol and chloroform, and toluene. Immerse it for 5 min in a solution containing methyl benzoate, 25 ml; benzyl alcohol, 100 ml; chloroform, 75 ml. Orient the section on a chemically clean slide and let air-dry 5–10 min. Process through toluene, 3:1 ethanol-chloroform and 95% ethanol. Place the section for 5–60 min at 60 C in a solution made up of: Luxol fast blue G (Matheson, Coleman and Bell), 1 gm; 95% ethanol, 1000 ml; 10% acetic acid, 5 ml. Hydrate to water and immerse in 0.05% Li2CO3...

KIC and KISCC for a very high strength titanium alloy (IMI 551)

Abstract: Fracture toughness (KIc) and aqueous stress corrosion tests in 3·5% NaCl and distilled water have been carried out on specimens taken from a thick forged rectangular bar of IMI 551. Fracture toughness varied from 29–36 MN/m3/2 while the KIscc values in salt water and distilled water were 13·5–16·5 MN/m3/2 and 19 MN/m3/2, respectively. The results of all the tests, together with data from other sources, are used to discuss application of the alloy in aircraft components.

The combined perls-hematoxylin-eosin stain.

Abstract: To provide a routine check for the presence of ferric iron in sections, Perls' method was combined with hematoxylin and eosin as follows. Deparaffinized sections of formalin-fixed tissues are stained in Perls' reagent (1:1 2%, w/v, of potassium ferrocyanide in distilled water and 2%, v/v, concentrated HCl in distilled water) for 20 min. After brief rinsing in distilled water stain sections in Mayer's hemalum, wash in tap water for 5 min, counterstain in 0.5% (w/v) eosin B in 50% ethyl alcohol for 15 sec. Rinse in tap water, dehydrate and mount as usual.