Showing papers on "Distilled water published in 1976"

Solubility of methane in distilled water and seawater

Abstract: Bunsen solubility coefficients for methane in distilled water and in seawater at three salinities were determined with an estimated accuracy of 0.5 YO. The experimental data were fit by the least-squares method to an equation established by Weiss. A table of Bunsen solubility coefficients covering the temperature range -2' to 3OoC and the salinity range 0-40 parts per thousand was calculated from the fitted equation. For seawater of salinity 34%0, the Bunsen coefficients ranged from 0.04489 at O°C to 0.02368 at 3OoC. Solubility values for distilled water were in agreement with those reported by Bunsen and Claussen and Polglase but were 34% higher than those of Winkler and Morrison and Billet.

The automatic determination of silicate dissolved in natural fresh water by means of procedures involving the use of either α- or β-molybdosilicic acid

Abstract: This paper describes the practical application of Truesdale and Smith's (1975) fundamental re-appraisal of the conditions that lead to the formation of α- and β-molybdosilicic acid in aqueous solutions. Two procedures, one using the α-acid and the other the β-acid, are proposed. Both procedures are designed so as to enable silicate-silicon concentrations of between 0 and 1·0 mg l–1 to be determined, although slight adjustments to the manifold of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer II system would make both suitable for other concentration ranges. The appropriate “molybdenum blues” derived from the yellow acids are used.Tests of the precision of both procedures were made at five concentration levels between 0 and 1·0 mg l–1 of silicate-silicon in distilled water. The maximum value of the coefficient of variation was 1·44 per cent. In other tests 27 samples of natural water from the upland area surrounding the sources of the rivers Wye and Severn were analysed by both methods. The results suggest that for these types of water the methods yield the same value for silicate concentration.

Caries inhibition in the rat by water-borne and enamel-bound fluoride.

Abstract: Osborne-Mendel rats 22–25 days of age were subjected to a 7-day precaries test period during which they were fed a high starch diet and drank distilled water containing no added fluoride or with 10, 5

A new method for easy demonstration of argyrophil cells.

Abstract: A new method for silver impregnation of endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa is described. It offers great reliability, eveness of impregnation, and, since it can be used on batches of slides, is also suitable for histology class and investigation material. The procedure for paraffin sections of formalin-fixed material is as follows: dewax and transfer to distilled water, leave in 0.5% silver nitrate solution for 2 hours at 60 C. Rinse in distilled water, then treat in Bodian developer (hydroquinone, 1 g; sodium sulphite, 5 g; distilled water, 100 ml) previously heated to 60 C. Rinse in running tap water, distilled water, and then re-impregnate for 10 minutes at 60 C in the same silver solution and reduoc in Bodian's solution. Sma the background is not impregnated by this method, sections may be counterstained by any basic anilin dye to bring out nuclei. A 0.1% kernechtrot solution was found very satisfactory in this respect. The granulations of argyrophil cells stand out sharply black against a...

A Note on the Estimation of Azotobacter Densities by Membrane Filter Technique

Abstract: 1 Membrane filter technique is recommended for routine analysis of water and soil particularly those with low Azotobacter density. 2 Tests of four brands of membrane filters used for enumerating different groups of bacteria showed that highest Azotobacter counts were obtained with Millipore and Sartorius membranes. 3 Boiling of the membranes for 5 min in distilled water leads to the removal of possible substances toxic to the development of Axotobacter cells which was demonstrated by the increase of the recovered colonies, and to equal estimates obtained with the various brands.

[On the growth of various Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Alkaligenes spec. in distilled water, de-ionized water, tap water, and mineral salt solution (author's transl)].

Abstract: The behaviour of 12 strains of gram-negative bacteria was analysed in media having a low content of nutrients. Sterile tap water, de-ionized water, aqua bidestillata and mineral salt solution were used. It was found that Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Citrobacter are those with the most frequently observed growth. In the mineral salt solution survived also Providencia, E. coli, Erwinia, Hafnia, and Alkaligenes and reached max. colony numbers of some 100000/ml. When the salts used were added stepwise potassium phosphate and especially magnesium sulfate showed a growth-promoting effect.

Evaluation of Diluents Used for Total Counts1

Abstract: A comparison was made between Butterfield's buffered phosphate solution. 0.1% peptone in distilled water. 0.5% peptone in distilled water, 0.85% NaCl in distilled water, and pure distilled water as diluents for total bacterial counts of 28 different food samples. Plates were incubated at 35 and 22 C for 2 and 5 days, respectively. Butterfield's diluent afforded the highest overall mean count for most samples regardless of the incubation temperature. Highest counts occurred with all diluents at 22 C. Although Butterfield's diluent. 0.1% peptone, and 0.5% peptone appeared to yield higher counts for most samples than did distilled water or 0.85% NaCl, statistically the mean counts obtained for the live diluents used were not significantly different from each other. It appears that no single diluent is suited for every possible sample type.

Oily Bilge Water Treatment With a Tubular Ultrafiltration System

Abstract: The Navy has been developing various oil pollution abatement systems. One potential process for the separation of oil in bilge water is ultrafiltration, a pressure-driven membrane process which can separate, concentrate, and fractionate macromolecular solutes and suspended species from water. A tubular ultrafiltration system using cellulosic and noncellulosic membranes was tested with bilge oil obtained from a patrol craft. Tests were also conducted with tap water, river water, a turbine lubricating oil, and a fuel oil, alone and in combination with a nonionic detergent. The addition of the detergent was observed to result in a steeper flux decline than when any of the fluids were evaluated alone. Both membrane types produced a permeate with an oil content generally less than 15 mg/l. Although the noncellulosic membranes exhibited higher flux rates than the cellulosic membranes, only the former could be restored by a cleaning operation to its initial water flux after experiencing a decline in flux. A cumulative irreversible flux decline was exhibited by the cellulosic membrane. Cleaning operations, some of which were time-consuming, consisted of flushing the membrane with ultrafiltrate, distilled water, tap water, or the manufacturer's enzyme-detergent formulation. Only the last of these, when employed at elevated temperature (125/supmore » 0/F), restored the initial water flux of the noncellulosic membrane.« less

Dissolution of slightly soluble drugs. II. Effect of particle size on dissolution behavior in sodium lauryl sulfate solutions.

Abstract: Experiments were made to compare the effect of particle size of sulfonamide on the initial dissolution behaviour in sodium lauryl sulfate solution and in distilled water and the following results were obtained 1) At agitation speed of 700 rpm, there was no difference of particle size on the initial dissolution in 01% and in distilled water but in 1% solution somewhat, and the difference appeared at agitation speed of 300 rpm with decrease in particle size Results obtained in sodium lauryl sulfate solution showed a similar tendency while the instantly dissolving part increased with decrease in particle size, and this part dissolved instantly at first and the constant rate of dissolution followed in distilled water 2) Plots of log dissolution rate constants vs log agitation speed became linear with the same slope irrespective of particle size, when 01% and 1% solutions were used Rank order for the dissolution rates of different particle size of powders was possible even at a relatively low agitation speed of 200 rpm

Film Boiling in a Scaling Liquid

Abstract: Film boiling experiments were carried out in an aqueous-calcium sulfate solution. The experimental results indicate that scale formation on heating surfaces during evaporation of a calcium sulfate solution can be avoided under carefully controlled conditions. Experimental heat transfer results for both distilled water and aqueous calcium solutions compare very well with analytical predictions. In addition, for high heat fluxes, contact between liquid and heating surface was found to exist during stable film boiling in a quiescent, saturated or almost saturated liquid.

Determination of bromate in foods by gas chromatography

Abstract: An improved method for quantitative determination of bromate in bread and fish paste products was established.A sample was homogenized with distilled water and made up to 200ml after centrifugation. The supernatant was filtered and n-butanol-ethanol (2:1) mixture was added to 10ml of the filtrate. The mixture was allowed to stand for 10min then centrifuged to remove the precipitate. DEAE-Sephadex A-25 suspension and acetic acid were added to the supernatant, and the mixture was stirred for 5min. After centrifugation, the supernatant was subjected to the same procedure with DEAE-Sephadex A-25 suspension. The DEAE-Sephadex A-25 was mixed with ethanol, and rinsed twice with ethanol, 5.0% acetic acid and distilled water. The solid was packed in a chromatocolumn, and bromate was eluted with 30ml of 30% potassium chloride solution. Two ml of 4×10-3M styrene monomer solution (washed with 1% sodium hydroxide solution before use), 1ml of 0.01M potassium bromide solution and 1ml of sulfuric acid were added to the effluent, and the whole was shaken vigorously. Styrene bromo derivative was extracted with 2ml of n-hexane, and bromate was determined by ECD-GC.In this method, it was found that bromate in foods could be determined with a recovery of 80-92.3% and a variation coefficient of 6.2-2.6%. The detection limit was 0.01μg/g.

Drinking water production unit - producing distilled water from a raw water in a single pass at a single pressure

Abstract: Automatic degassing and distillation of raw water with subsequent mineralisation for the prodn of chemically, biologically and bacteriologically acceptable drinking water, partic for household use, using a single pass through a single appts at a single pressure Provides a unit of low capital and operating pass, which requires virtually no maintenance, is thermally efficient and can provide a pure and acceptably tasting drinking water

Influence of Dietary Fluoride Restriction on Regulation of Plasma and Soft Tissue Fluoride Contents

Abstract: The adjustments in total fluoride concentration in plasma, bones, liver, and muscle were examined when rats were given a diet of very low fluoride content following a dietary regimen of elevated fluoride intake. The animals received a diet containing 34 ppm of fluoride and water with 50 ppm added fluoride in the 28-day initial period and in the depletion period they were given a diet containing only 0.21 ppm of fluoride and distilled water. The findings indicated a 12-fold increase in the fluoride content of the humeri after 28 days of high-flurodie intake with a greater increment by the epiphyses than by the diaphyses. During 21 days of the depletion period the skeletal fluoride was reduced by only 7.7% indicating a marked retention of fluoride during processes of bone remodeling and growth. The plasma, muscle, and liver total fluoride contents were significantly increased at the end of the period of high-fluoride intake, but these concentrations were found to be restored to base-line levels in 3-7 days of the depletion period. By comparison of the distribution of total fluoride with injected radiofluoride between tissue and plasma waters, it was concluded that muscle and liver contain bound fluoride that does not exchange completely with ionic fluoride.

Use of a carboxylate exchanger in the determination of copper in distilled water by neutron activation analysis

Abstract: Copper in distilled water is collected on Zeokarb 226(NH 4 + ) and irradiated with thermal neutrons. By comparison of the induced activity of 0.51 MeV photopeak of64Cu with that of a standard, irradiated under comparable conditions, copper at ppb levels is easily determined.

Über die Alterung gemeinsam gefällter AlFe(III)-Hydroxide

Abstract: The ageing products formed in distilled water at pH 6,3 from hydroxide gels precipitated at pH 7 and 10 by addition of NaOH to solutions of Fe(NO3)3 and Al0,03Fe0,97(NO3)3 were studied. The ageing products were identified by X-ray and IR-spectroscopy. Ageing both at room temperature and by boiling for four hours were studied and shown to be strongly influenced by the pH at which the hydroxides are precipitated, even when immediately washed free of accompanying ions, resulting from different transformations taking place in the originally amorphous hydroxides.

Utilization of Deaeration via Gas Permeation and Oxidative Stabilization of Pyrogallol

Abstract: The rates of oxidative decomposition for pyrogallol were determined at 3.0° in vehicles which had been prepared by passing deionized distilled water through a gas permeator. The vehicles prepared by gas permeation possessed varying dissolved oxygen concentrations which depended upon charging pressure and the residence time of effluent. A single pass through the permeator produced vehicles possessing dissolved oxygen concentrations of 05 ppm to 0.78 ppm with respect to a normal oxygen content of 8-9 ppm. A double pass through the permeator gave only trace amounts of dissolved oxygen. i.e., 0.01-0.02 ppm and this was found to be independent of charging pressure.

A fluorescence staining method for the examination of microorganisms on natural substrates.

Abstract: A fluorescence staining technique is described which uses the magnesium salt of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonic acid as a protein stain. At a concentration of 2.5 or 3.0 mg ml-1 in distilled water or phosphate buffer the compound does not fluoresce under ultra-violet or far blue illumination until it is bound to a protein or similar compound. It can be applied to natural substrates such as soil, food materials, organic material in water, etc., and can be examined immediately without any washing procedures. The application of this staining method to detect microorganisms on dead green algae (detritus) is described.

Interval Plating: A Simplified Method to Determine Suitability of Distilled Water as a Dilution Fluid

Abstract: A simplified procedure has been developed for routine evaluation of distilled water used in milk, food, and water service laboratories. It is simple to do, requires no additional equipment or reagents, and can be done along with the routine daily workload. It requires no “control” water, and has a sensitivity which is appropriate for the intended use of the distilled water.

A process and apparatus for distillation

Abstract: PURPOSE:Problems of contaminating distilled water in distillation of liquid containing large volume of inclusions are solved.

Gas chromatographic determination of some polar water pollutants using porous polymers

Abstract: The use of porous polymers to separate water soluble organic pollutants by gas chromatography was investigated. Chromosorb 105 showed some interesting properties with acetic acid solutions of varying concentrations. Chromosorb 104 proved effective in the separation of methanol, acetaldehyde, hexafluoroacetone, and acetic acid. Headspace analysis and extraction with 1,2‐dichloroethane proved of little value. Absorption of these compounds in distilled water with a midget impinger proved impractical since these compounds were removed upon aeration.

Effect of moisture on the strength characteristics of built-up roofing felts. Discussion

Abstract: Stress-strain properties of Type 15 asphalt-saturated, organic, and asbestos felts are compared at room temperature and 50 percent relative humidity. The rate of water sorption by asphalt-saturated organic felt immersed for 520 h in distilled water at room temperature and the effect of moisture on its strength characteristics are assessed. The structure of unsaturated organic felt and the interlocking characteristics of the fibers were examined by a scanning electron miscroscope.

Methyl Green-Pyronin Staining in Germinated Fruit Tree Pollen: Methods to Enhance Stainability of the Nuclei and Chromosomes

Abstract: Brachet's method for the identification of tissue DNA and RNA is very specific because the nature of the stained material is confirmed by the enzymatic extraction. However, the small sized nuclei of pollen of fruit trees (Malus, Persica, Corylus) lose their affinity for methyl green after heating for 2 hours at 37°C with RNase or distilled water (as control). RNA cannot be extracted with cold perchloric acid, because of the low specificity of this extraction.In contrast, treatment with glacial acetic acid or acetic anhydride for 18 hrs, following proper alcoholic dehydration, enhances the nuclear stainability. The recommended fixative is Navashin's, with increased concentration of acetic acid up to 30% (to remove mitochondria), for 3 hrs. After thorough washing and bleaching with mixture of equal parts saturated aqueous ammonium oxalate and 3% H2O2 the slides are incubated with either enzyme or distilled water at 37°C for 2 hrs and treated with glacial acetic acid or acetic anhydride. Staining with methyl green (B. D. H.) 0.3% (w/v) and pyronin (Merck) 0.25% (w/v) in acetate buffer at pH 4.7, is performed at 37°C for 2 hrs. Differentiation is achieved by dipping in ice cold distilled water followed by a 5-40 min rinse in two changes of t-butyl alcohol.The slides are mounted in Euparal. The acetic anhydride treatment was shown to block the amino groups of basic proteins which, otherwise, would interfere with the DNA staining by methyl green.