scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers on "Distilled water published in 1984"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The reactions of the tested subjects to the surfactants suggest that each individual has his own pattern of susceptibility to these substances.

135 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the machining characteristics of distilled water, tap water and a mixture of 25% tap and 75% distilled water when used as dielectric fluid in EDM are reported.

90 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a 0.125 mg/ml solution of phosvitin in distilled water for 20 and 40 min at 110°C was shown to free iron.
Abstract: Most of the iron in egg yolk is bound by phosvitin. Heating whole egg or yolk in a double boiler does not release this iron. Also, heating a 0.125 mg/ml solution of phosvitin in distilled water for 20 and 40 min at 110°C did not free iron. A second phosvitin solution mixed equally with 0.04M citric acid, 2 M NaCl and 0.03M Na2 EDTA. Only EDTA released (ca) iron from phosvitin without heating.

49 citations


Patent
06 Aug 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, a detergency builder, an amylolytic enzyme, a peroxy compound bleach and optionally a proteolytic enzymes, having a pH of from 9.3 to 10.8 determined from a solution of 3 g/l of the composition in distilled water, and containing not more than 0.2% by weight of chloride.
Abstract: Mildly alkaline enzymatic machine dishwashing composition comprising a detergency builder, an amylolytic enzyme, a peroxy compound bleach and optionally a proteolytic enzyme, having a pH of from 9.3 to 10.8 determined from a solution of 3 g/l of the composition in distilled water, and containing not more than 0.2% by weight, preferably not more than 0.1% by weight of chloride. The composition is non-corrosive to silverware.

47 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption of several enteroviruses and rotavirus SA11 to sand from an aquifer in the Federal Republic of Germany was estimated in sand-filled columns loaded with ca. 10(7) PFU and run at a velocity of 2.5 m/day for 12 hours.
Abstract: The adsorption of several enteroviruses and rotavirus SA11 to sand from an aquifer in the Federal Republic of Germany was estimated in sand-filled columns loaded with ca. 10(7) PFU and run at a velocity of 2.5 m/day for 12 h. After either distilled water, groundwater, secondary effluent, or tertiary effluent was percolated, the sand core was slowly extruded out of the column and cut in 1-cm slices. The slices were eluted with nutrient broth, and the amount of viruses in the broth was estimated. The best adsorption was promoted by groundwater and tertiary effluent, followed by distilled water and secondary effluent. Similar experiments, carried out at different percolation rates, indicated that a 50-day underground stay of recharged water probably suffices to eliminate viruses in the groundwater-recharged tertiary effluent. However, when viruses and sand were incubated in the presence of the surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate, nonyl phenol, dodigen 226, or alkylbenzylsulfonate, the adsorption of the viruses was substantially diminished. Experiments in the presence of nonyl phenol seem to indicate that hydrophobic interactions are involved in the adsorption of viruses to sand.

36 citations


Patent
10 Aug 1984
TL;DR: In this article, a water purification and hot water supply apparatus is provided including a feed water intake providing water in excess of the distilled water output, a heater controlling the quantity of water boiled, a waste water exit port to remove accumulated water above a certain level, a distilled water exitport in the vapor space, a condensing device to transfer the heat of condensation to a hot water tank and a waste-water heat exchange device transferring heat from the waste water to the hot-water tank.
Abstract: A water purification and hot water supply apparatus is provided including a feed water intake providing water in excess of the distilled water output, a heater controlling the quantity of water boiled, a waste water exit port to remove accumulated water above a certain level, a distilled water exit port in the vapor space, a condensing device to transfer the heat of condensation to a hot water tank and a waste water heat exchange device to transfer heat from the waste water to the hot water tank. A volatile organic compound removing tank to heat and vent off the contaminants is positioned to receive heat from the water in the still section of the apparatus which then feeds water to the feed water intake.

25 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: By the use of water absorption data (rate and equilibrium), the diffusivity of distilled and salt water through Neoprene, styrene-butadiene, and ethylene-propylene-diene elastomers was predicted.
Abstract: By the use of water absorption data (rate and equilibrium), the diffusivity of distilled and salt water through Neoprene, styrene-butadiene, and ethylene-propylene-diene elastomers was predicted. Activation parameters were calculated from the Arrhenius plots and were used to calculate heats of solution (all negative). Solubility coefficients (S) were calculated from permeability (P) and diffusion (D) coefficients. For all materials salt water showed a lower D than distilled water but a higher S and P.

22 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Determinations of the level of copper in the laboratory's tap water showed these to be high enough to cause depression of growth even at low dilution levels, even in sinusoidal regimes falling to only 90% of the full salinity, when tap water was the diluting medium used.
Abstract: In experiments to investigate the effect of low salinity on growth in Mytilus edulis , unexpected depression of growth occurred, even in sinusoidal regimes falling to only 90% of the full salinity, when tap water was the diluting medium used. The effect of various additives to the domestic water supply on the growth of Mytilus was investigated. Chlorine and fluoride had no effect although fluoride (as sodium fluoride) inhibited faeces production in a 7-day experiment. Determinations of the level of copper in the laboratory's tap water showed these to be high enough to cause depression of growth even at low dilution levels. When distilled water or lake water was used to dilute the sea water, shell growth was not affected until a sinusoidal fluctuation reaching a minimum of 50% sea water was used. Such effect did not become significant until the mussels were kept in pure fresh water for an extended period in each cycle of sinusoidal salinity variations.

20 citations


Patent
07 Sep 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, a continuous distillation of 1,3-butylene glycol under reduced pressure with a thin-film evaporator while adding water to the system was carried out.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To remove trace of impurity from 1,3-butylene glycol, and to obtain the odorless substance of cosmetic grade, by carrying out the continuous distillation of 1,3-butylene glycol under reduced pressure with a thin-film evaporator while adding water to the system CONSTITUTION: 1,3-Butylene glycol having a purity of ≥98% is purified by the continuous distillation in the presence of water under reduced pressure (using a combination of a distillation column having low pressure drop and a thin-film evaporator) The characteristic smell remaining slightly in the raw material can be completely eliminated by this process The water added to the system is preferably pure water or distilled water, and its amount is 5W50ptswt per 100ptswt of the raw material The water may be added to the raw material before distillation or to the system through separate line The column bottom temperature of the distillation column is preferably ≤130°C (corresponding to 40mmHg pressure), and the reboiler is preferably the one having short retention time of the process side stream (eg spontaneously flowing thin-film evaporator) COPYRIGHT: (C)1986,JPO&Japio

14 citations


Patent
27 Mar 1984
TL;DR: A method for manufacturing a stomatic gargle, which is prepared with three kinds of liquids, i.e., liquid A made of very small quantities of menthol, eugenol and eucalyptus oil which are dissolved in ethyl alcohol; liquid B made of licorice extract dissolved in a warm distilled water; liquid C made of sodium monofluorophosphate and sodium fluoride added to distilled water at a temperature of 30° C. with agitation as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A method for manufacturing a stomatic gargle, which is prepared with three kinds of liquids, i.e., liquid A made of very small quantities of menthol, eugenol and eucalyptus oil which are dissolved in ethyl alcohol; liquid B made of licorice extract dissolved in a warm distilled water; liquid C made of sodium monofluorophosphate and sodium fluoride added to distilled water at a temperature of 30° C. with agitation. The liquid C is added to liquid B, a very small quantity of glycerol, perfume, non-ionic surfactant and sodium dehydroacetate, and are agitated at a low speed for 3 to 7 minutes. A very small quantity of perfume and flavor additives is then added. Then slowly liquid A is added to the mixed liquid with distilled water, ethylalcohol and a very small quantity of chlorophyll so as to obtain a transparent and green gargle.

11 citations



Patent
16 Nov 1984

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, grain from three high tannin sorghums was stored under CO2 atmosphere at 25, 35 and 45°C for 1-20 days and was boiled in water at a ratio of 1g to 3 mL for periods of 10-60 min.
Abstract: Grain from three high tannin sorghums had their moisture contents raised by adding distilled water at 15, 20 and 25% W/W, respectively, and were stored under CO2 atmosphere at 25, 35 and 45°C respectively, for 1–20 days. In another trial, grain from the same high tannin sorghum sources was boiled in water at a ratio of 1g to 3 mL for periods of 10–60 min. Both anaerobic storage and boiling treatments deactivated the tannins with time. Moisture content and temperature levels influenced the rate of tannin deactivation during anaerobic storage. The process of tannin deactivation for both anaerobic storage and boiling treatments followed first order kinetics.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A method for the determination of barium in sea water was investigated using inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry, and sea water samples from the Japan Sea and the Pacific Ocean were directly analyzed by this method.
Abstract: A method for the determination of barium in sea water was investigated using inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry, and sea water samples from the Japan Sea and the Pacific Ocean were directly analyzed by this method. Artificial sea water was used to prepare matrix matched standard solutions to overcome the problem of physical interference. The detection limit (signal/noise ratio=2) for barium in deionized and distilled water was 0.08µg l−1 and in sea water, 0.12µg l−1. The reproducibilities in the purified water and in the sea water at the 10µg l−1 level were 0.7% a#FFFFFFnd 0.5%, respectively. The barium concentration in both the Japan Sea and the Pacific Ocean increased with depth and ranged between 5.5–10.0µg l−1 and 4.1–18.4µg l−1, respectively.

Journal ArticleDOI
31 Aug 1984-Tumori
TL;DR: No change in the activity was observed in P388 leukemia resistant to adriamycin when the drug was administered either in acqueous solution of Tween 80 or in distilled water alone.
Abstract: Studies on mice bearing P388 adriamycin sensitive and resistant lymphocytic leukemia were carried out to compare antitumor activity of adriamycin dissolved in Tween 80 (10% in distilled water) with that of adriamycin dissolved in distilled water alone. The antitumor activity of adriamycin dissolved in acqueous solutions of Tween 80 was higher than that of adriamycin dissolved in distilled water against P388 leukemia sensitive to adriamycin. However, no change in the activity was observed in P388 leukemia resistant to adriamycin when the drug was administered either in aqueous solution of Tween 80 or in distilled water alone.

Patent
21 Dec 1984
TL;DR: A combination humidifier/water distiller as discussed by the authors comprises a container for holding tap water, a condenser, positioned over the container, condenses the vaporized tap water into distilled water, and a receptacle is positioned under the condenser for the collection of distilled water.
Abstract: A combination humidifier/water distiller apparatus comprises a container for holding tap water. A heater is provided for heating tap water in the container to a vaporized state. A condenser, positioned over the container, condenses the vaporized tap water into distilled water. A receptacle is positioned under the condenser for the collection of the distilled water. The receptacle includes a water track and valve for removing distilled water from the apparatus for other purposes. A nebulizer is included which converts the distilled water into a fine spray. A passage, associated with the nebulizer and the receptacle, supplies distilled water from the receptacle to the nebulizer so that distilled water is nebulized to a fine spray. The nebulizer includes a nozzle or the like for delivering the fine spray to the atmosphere to thereby humidify the surrounding air.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the total phosphorus content remaining in the degummed soybean oil was determined and the peroxide value of the oil held at 98-101 C was measured daily for 10 days.
Abstract: Solvent-extracted crude soybean oil was degummed with deionized distilled water containing various amounts of CaCO3−MgCO3 FeCl2, and NaCl. The total phosphorus content remaining in the degummed oil was determined and the peroxide value of the degummed oil held at 98–101 C was measured daily for 10 days. The results were compared statistically with those from oil degummed with deionized distilled water as a control. It was found that 250 mg/L of CaCO3−MgCO3 significantly reduced the efficiency of the degumming process. FeCl2 at concentrations of 150 and 250 μg/L and NaCl at 300 mg/L resulted in the removal of more phosphorus than the control at the 5% level of significance. Generally, the stability of the degummed oils decreased as the salt concentrations increased. The rate of oxidation was greater for oils degummed in the presence of FeCl2 than of NaCl and CaCO3−MgCO3 under the same conditions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Gurkin and Ripphahn as discussed by the authors showed that a C-8 silica column can be used off-line in a low-pressure mode to clean water, but not where these systems contain buffers or organic amine eluting agents.
Abstract: Distilled water to organic gradients in reversed phase liquid chromatography are often plagued with UV-detectable “ghost” peaks that can obscure sample peaks and complicate interpretation of results.3,4 These contaminants usually come from the distilled water3 although it is possible for them to originate in the organic eluent4. The ghost-peak problem can be eliminated by using specially prepared “LC-grade” water, although this is expensive. In addition water can be cleaned with the Milli-Q ion-exchange system, containing a carbon absorption column5 but not where these systems contain buffers or organic amine eluting agents such as triethylamine phosphate. Gurkin and Ripphahn have shown that a C-8 silica column can be used off-line in a low- pressure mode to clean water6.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the pH of solutions prepared from mineralized lignite samples must be adjusted to fall into the range 4 to 12 before fluoride is determined by ion chromatography and with a fluoride sensitive electrode.
Abstract: Samples of approximately 1.0 g were taken from three Texas lignite cores and mineralized in oxygen bombs. The residue was dissolved in distilled water to a total volume of 50 ml. The resulting solutions were analyzed for fluoride by ion chromatography and with a fluoride-sensitive electrode. The results obtained with these two methods were in good agreement. The pH of solutions prepared from mineralized lignite samples must be adjusted to fall into the range 4 to 12 before fluoride is determined by ion chromatography. The calibration curve is linear to 10 mg/l F− (in solution). Twenty μg/l of F− (in solution) corresponding to 1 mg/kg of dry lignite can still be determined. Ion chromatography has higher sensitivity for fluoride than fluoride-sensitive electrodes and provides at the same time information about other anionic species. The fluorine concentrations in the three cores varied from 10 to 140 mg/kg (dry lignite). Layers of clay interspersed between the lignite seams had higher fluorine concentrations than the lignite.

Patent
17 Nov 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a drinking water obtained by dissolving an organic acid, e.g. citric acid, in distilled water, adding sodium hydrogen carbonate to foam the resultant solution, and adding a sweetening agent, L-ascorbic acid, etc. to the resultant transparent acidic solution, capable of keeping the health and curing diseases through the sequence of reaction well cycling through the Krebs cycle.
Abstract: PURPOSE:The titled drinking water, obtained by dissolving an organic acid, e.g. citric acid, in distilled water, adding sodium hydrogencarbonate to foam the resultant solution, and adding a sweetening agent, L-ascorbic acid, etc. to the resultant transparent acidic solution, capable of keeping the health and curing diseases through the sequence of reaction well cycling through the Krebs cycle. CONSTITUTION:A health carbonated drinking water obtained by dissolving an organic acid, e.g. citric acid for a food additive converted into oxalacetic acid in the metabolic process in the living body, malic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, L-glutamic acid, fatty acid or aspartic acid, in distilled water, adding sodium hydrogencarbonate to foam the resultant solution, incorporating a sweetening agent such as sugar, honey, glucose or thick malt syrup, and a nutriment such as cow's milk, soybean milk, fruit juice or water-soluble ionized calcium in the resultant transparent acidic solution at 3-4pH, and adding L-ascorbic acid which cannot be prepared in the human body thereto.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this article, the qualitative effects of evaporation and condensation on an absorption process were investigated in a counter-flowing gas mixture that contained a known concentration of ammonia and water vapor.
Abstract: Research was conducted to investigate the qualitative effects of evaporation and condensation on an absorption process. Individual droplets of distilled water of known weight and temperature were dropped through a counter-flowing gas mixture that contained a known concentration of ammonia and water vapor. Variations in evaporation and condensation rates were realized by varying droplet temperature and the water vapor content of the gas mixture. The collected droplets were analyzed for ammonia concentration and the qualitative effects established. The experimental results indicate that absorption rates increase with an increase in condensation and decrease with an increase in evaporation rate.

Patent
29 Oct 1984
TL;DR: In this article, the whole plant of Hypericum erectum harvested at the flowering time is directly extracted with ethanol at 0-100 deg.C or extracted after drying, and the extract is evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure, blended with a heterogeneous mixed solvent of chloroform/ methanol/water.
Abstract: NEW MATERIAL:An antiviral active substance. Molecular weight: <=1,000; solubility: easily soluble in water or methanol, slightly soluble or insoluble in ethanol, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, 2-butanol, 1,4-dioxane, etc.; Rf value on paper chromatography [Toyo filter paper No.526; developing solvent=pyridine/n-butanol/distilled water (1:1:1)]:0.75-0.78(22-25 deg.C); neutrality. USE:An antiviral agent. Having both virucidal action and inhibitory action on multiplication of virus, and low cell toxicity. PREPARATION:The whole plant of Hypericum erectum harvested at the flowering time is directly extracted with ethanol at 0-100 deg.C or extracted after drying. Extraction is repeated for 2-3 times, the extract is evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure, blended with a heterogeneous mixed solvent of chloroform/ methanol/water, the methanol/water layers are separated, evaporated to dryness, partitioned, and purified, to give an antiviral active substance.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an eleunt was proposed for GPC of polyacrylamide on unmodified silicate sorbents, consisting of distilled water, glycerol, ethyl alcohol and tertaric acid taken in a ratio of 92·9: : 1·02: 6·0: 0·04 wt %.
Abstract: An eleunt was proposed for GPC of polyacrylamide on unmodified silicate sorbents, consisting of distilled water, glycerol, ethyl alcohol and tertaric acid taken in a ratio of 92·9: : 1·02: 6·0: 0·04 wt. %. A dependence was derived for this solvent of intrinsic viscosity [η] on M ([η] = 1·4 × 10−4M0.7 dl/g). In GPC high molar mass samples do not break down in the eluent proposed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A stability-indicating analytical method is described for the simultaneous determination of nitrate, and if present, its reductive degradation product, nitrite, in toothpastes.

Patent
12 Dec 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, a mixture consisting of 45 ml of abs. ethanol, 45 ml xylene, 10 ml of 0.1 N alcohol-containing KOH solution having a factor of 1, and 0.01 -0.1 % by weight of aqueous bromothymol blue indicator was presented.
Abstract: The essence of the invention is that the mixture comprises 45 ml of abs. ethanol, 45 ml of xylene, 10 ml of 0.1 N alcohol-containing KOH solution having a factor of 1, and 0.01 - 0.1 % by weight of aqueous bromothymol blue indicator. 2.4 ml are taken from the mixture and 1 ml of CO2-free distilled water is added.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Examination was made on the physical properties of commercially available tannin-fluoride incorporated polycarboxylate and zinc phosphate cements for luting, following immersion in distilled water for up to 12 months.
Abstract: Examination was made on the physical properties of commercially available tannin-fluoride incorporated polycarboxylate and zinc phosphate cements for luting, following immersion in distilled water for up to 12 months. Same cements, containing no fluoride, were used as controls.

Patent
18 May 1984
TL;DR: A distilled water production device in which cooling water from a condenser is supplied to the boiler at a constant rate is described in this article. But this device does not have an overflow tube on the outflow conduit.
Abstract: A distilled water production device in which cooling water from a condenser is supplied to the boiler at a constant rate. The device is provided with an overflow tube on the outflow conduit for cooling water from the condenser which diverts excess cooling water away from the boiler to a discharge pipe.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the dispersion and coagulation phenomena of iron(III) hydroxide sols were investigated in the presence of amino acids, and it was found from the results that the pH value which brought the maximum value of Ax nearly coincided with the isoelectric point of the sol particles.
Abstract: The dispersion and coagulation phenomena of iron(III) hydroxide sols were investigated in the presence of amino acids. The amino acids used were L-alanine, L-glutamic acid and L-arginine. The iron(III) hydroxide sols were prepared by pouring an aqueous iron(III) chloride solution into boiling distilled water. By adding sodium hydroxide solution into the sol which contained amino acid, the changes in turbidity of the sol, τΔ, were measured using a spectrophotometer and an automatic recording system. The zeta potentials of sol particles were measured by ultra-microelectrophoresis. It was found from the results thus obtained that the pH value which brought the maximum value of Ax nearly coincided with the isoelectric point of the sol particles, and the most effective concentrations of amino acids to stabilize the sols were about 10-3 10-4 and 10-5 mol-dm-3 for L-alanine, L-glutamic acid and L-arginine, respectively.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, cobalt was spectrophotometrically determined as an anionic metal complex of 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid on a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatograph.
Abstract: Cobalt was spectrophotometrically determined as an anionic metal complex of 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid (nitroso-NW acid) on a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatograph. An ODS column(4.6 mm i.d. × 100 mm) was used, and the mobile phase consisted of 1.4 × 10-2 M tetrabutylammonium bromide and phosphate buffer (pH 8, 5 × 10-3 M) in a mixture of 52 vol% methanol and 48 vol% distilled water. To 7.5ml of sample solution, 1 ml of citrate buffer solution(2 M, pH 5.4) and 1 ml of nitroso-NW acid(4 × 10-3 M) were added. After 10 min, 0.5 ml of 2 × 10-3 M EDTA was further added, and the resultant solution was diluted to 10 ml with distilled water. One hundred μl of the solution was injected on to the column. Detection was made on a UV detector at 368 nm. The calibration curve was linear in the range of (125) × 10-7 M of cobalt. By the proposed method, cobalt contents in four commercial nickel salts, Ni(NO3) 2 · 6H2O, NiSO4 (NH4) 2SO4 · 6H2O, NiSO4·6H2O, and NiCl2·6H2O, were determined to be (0.0030.06)% with relative standard deviation of 1.3% (seven determinations of the nitrate salt).

Patent
05 Apr 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed to obtain treated water of good quality while saving natural resources and energy, by evaporatively thickening water prepd. by the biotreatment of organic waste water containing phosphorus, adding a Ca compound and/or a Mg compound to the resulted conc. liquid, and then separating said liquid into solid matter and a liquid.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain treated water of good quality while saving natural resources and energy, by evaporatively thickening water prepd. by the biotreatment of organic waste water containing phosphorus, adding a Ca compound and/or a Mg compound to the resulted conc. liquid, and then separating said liquid into solid matter and a liquid. CONSTITUTION:Urine 1 from which scum has been removed is let flow into the step 2 of biotreatment according to a biological nitrifying-denitrifying process without adding diluting water to it, to biologically remove BOD, COD and nitrogen-contg. components from it. The slurry 3 of activated sludge flowing out of the step 2 of biotreatment is separated into solid matter and a liquid in the step 4 of solid-liquid separation. Biotreated water 8 flowing out of the step 4 of solid- liquid separation is preheated in a heat exchanger 9 and then supplied to the interior of an evaporator kettle 10' in the step 10 of evaporation. The resulted evaporated steam 11 is heated under compression by a steam compressor 12. Thereafter, said steam is introduced into an indirect heating part 13 inside the evaporator kettle 10', to reuse the latent heat of condensation of said steam as a heat source for the evaporation. Since condensed water 14 is distilled water, its quality is very excellent.