Showing papers on "Distilled water published in 1992"

Synthesis of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 Powder by the Spray Pyrolysis with Ultrasonic Atomizer

Abstract: Lead nitrate, magnesium nitrate and niobium oxalate as raw materials were chosen and dissolved into distilled water with nitric acid. The mixed solution was sprayed with an ultrasonic atomizer and transported into an electric furnace heated at 750°C by the carrier gas of the composition N2:O2=4:1. The powder, the pyrolysis product, was collected in a filter paper by pumping. The obtained powders consist mainly of pyrochlore and a little PMN. A powder of single PMN phase was obtained by calcination of as-pyrolyzed powders at 750°C. The particles had spherical shape with a narrow size distribution and an average size of 0.36μm.

Acquisition of alkali-soluble fluoride by enamel through treatment with NaF-containing toothpastes in vitro.

Abstract: The first aim of the present study was to examine if alkali-soluble fluoride (calcium fluoride-like material and adsorbed fluoride) forms when a NaF-containing toothpaste is applied on human enamel surface in vitro. The centrifuged supernatants of toothpastes dissolved in distilled water were used and four different commercial NaF-containing toothpastes were tested. The second aim was to investigate if pyrophosphate would interfere with the deposition of alkali soluble fluoride. The formation of alkali-soluble fluoride was determined by chemical analysis and visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was ascertained that all tested toothpastes contained free fluoride according to the manufacturers' specifications. It was shown that they promoted deposition of alkali soluble fluoride on the enamel surface. The amount of deposited material increased with the time of exposure. The clinical effect of a NaF-containing toothpaste may thus well depend on an initial formation of alkali-soluble fluoride. Fluoride from this reservoir may adsorb onto the enamel crystals and inhibit further demineralization or increase the rate of remineralization during cariogenic challenges. It was also demonstrated that pyrophosphate did not interfere with the deposition of alkali soluble fluoride.

Vegetable oil derivatives as diesel fuel substitutes. Analytical aspects. Note 3 : determination of methanol

Abstract: The presence of small amounts of methanol in fatty acid methylesters as diesel fuel substitutes has a strong influence on flash points. In this paper an analytical method consisting of a GLC analysis with internal standard after distillation of methanol in presence of distilled water is discussed. This method is sample, fast and sufficiently reliable. Data related to recovery tests and to the analysis of unknown samples are reported. The relationship existing between methanol content and flash point has been confirmed

The stability of high-Tc BSCCO/Ag superconducting microcomposites in water, some inorganic solutions and organic solvents

Abstract: Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO/Ag (BSCCO/Ag) superconducting microcomposites with zero-resistance temperatures from 102 to 108 K and critical current densities of ∼ 600 A/cm2 at 77 K were produced by oxidation and annealing of metallic precursor alloys. The stabilities and degradation behavior of BSCCO/Ag specimens in various environments were studied by a combination of mass loss measurement, electrical transport measurement and microstructural observation. The environmental conditions used in the present work were moist air, distilled water, aqueous solutions of NaCl, NaOH and acetic acid, and organic solvents methanol and acetone. Although there is a general tendency toward a decrease in critical current density after a long exposure to most of the testing conditions, the specimens containing a high percent of Ag (⩾ 70 wt. %) showed very little decrease in Tc and Jc up to 200 days of exposure in moist air and distilled water, and up to 20 days in NaCl solution, methanol and acetone. It was found that the superconducting “2223” phase is stable in water, neutral solutions and the organic solvents, reacts very slowly with basic solutions, and dissolves rapidly in acidic solutions. Some non-superconducting Ca-rich oxides dissolve in water and neutral and basic solutions and therefore damage the connection of the superconducting grains in low-Ag containing specimens. The excellent stability of the BSCCO/Ag superconducting microcomposites containing high Ag provides an important advantage for their potential industrial application.

Radiation effect on ascorbic acid and riboflavin biosynthesis in germinating soybean.

Abstract: The influence of irradiation on biosynthesis of ascorbic acid and riboflavin in germinating soybean seeds in tap and distilled water at ambient (25–35°C) conditions was investigated. Ascorbic acid was not detectable in the original seeds and the initial level of riboflavin was 3.3 μg/g. The rate of synthesis of these vitamins increased with increasing germination time up to 72–96hr followed by a decreasing pattern depending upon the treatment. The effect of irradiation and germination on the synthesis of these vitamins was statistically significant (P<0.01). Maximum amounts of ascrobic acid 16.2 and 15.0 mg/ 100 g (fresh weight basis) were found in the 0.10 kGy sample after 72 hr of germination in tap and distilled water, respectively. However, a radiation dose of 0.20 kGy resulted in the development of maximum values of riboflavin, 30.0 and 27.0 μg/g (dry weight basis) on germination in tap and distilled water respectively.

Cast metal resin-bonded dental restorations: effect on the resin-to-metal bond of storage conditions before cementation.

Abstract: Cast metal resin-bonded restorations are often stored in the laboratory or dental practice/office before they are fitted in the mouth. This study investigated the effect of the storage conditions of such restorations on the tensile bond strength of a resin cement. Sixty cylinders were cast in nickel-chromium alloy (Wiron 88). Their bonding surfaces were sandblasted, cleaned ultrasonically in distilled water, and air dried. Groups of 10 cylinders were stored for 10 days in an office environment as follows: in an open container, in a sealed polyethylene bag, in a plastic pot, in distilled water, or in acetone. A control group was used immediately for bonding. Each cylinder was bonded with a thin film of resin (Panavia Ex) to a freshly prepared disk of the same alloy. After 24 hours in water at 37 °C, the assembly was loaded under tension to failure. The results indicated that storage in an open container should be avoided and that restorations can best be protected by storage in distilled water.

Effects of In Vitro Aging of Magnesia-Stabilized Zirconia

Abstract: The intent of this project was to evaluate any changes in the flexure strength of magnesia-partially-stabilized zirconia when aged in distilled water for time periods of 6, 12, and 18 mos. The aging conditions were autoclaved specimens in air (AA) or distilled water (AW) and nonautoclaved specimens in distilled water (NW) at stressing rates of 10.0, 1.0, or 0.1 mm/min. The statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the aging times. The aging-time data were then pooled and a statistical analysis run between the different aging conditions (AA, AW, and NW) and stressing rates. The specimens tested in air were significantly stronger than those tested in water autoclaved or nonautoclaved. For the pooled data, all stressing rates were statistically significant from each other.

Dibutyl thiourea as corrosion inhibitor for acid washing of multistage flash distillation plant

Abstract: The effect of the additive dibutyl thiourea (DBTU) on the corrosion of 70Cu–30Ni alloy and of carbon steels in HCl solutions in distilled water and in sea water at pH 1·8–2·0 was observed using the weight loss technique at temperatures between 19 and 60°C. In the absence of DBTU the corrosion of the Cu–Ni alloy is characterised by an induction period which is longer in the pure acid than in acidified sea water. Following the induction periods, the loss in weight varies linearly with time and is temperature dependent in the pure acid, but not in sea water. On the other hand, the weight loss of carbon steel in both media varies linearly with time directly from the moment of immersion. The rate of dissolution in pure HCl is greater than in acidified sea water and both are temperature dependent. The effect of concentration of DBTU on the dissolution of the two alloys in both media was tested at 60°C. In all cases inhibition of corrosion increased with additive content. The inhibition efficiencies in ...

Electrode catalyst for an anode pole

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain an electrode catalyst for fuel cells with a superior resistance to carbon mono-oxide poisoning and a low production cost by making the catalyst have a platinum-nickel-cobalt ternary alloy supported on an inorganic carrier. CONSTITUTION: Chloroplatinic acid is dissolved into water, to which an aqueous solution of Na2 S2 O3 .5H2 O is added. Acetylene black to be a catalyst carrier is suspended into pure water to form a slurry, which is then added to the mixed solution, agitated and dried to remove water. The resulted dry powder is washed by distilled water to extract and remove by-products. This slurry is dried to obtain a carbon carrier supporting platinum. And then, an aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution is added to a mixed solution of an aqueous nickel formate solution and an aqueous cobalt acetate solution. The said carbon supported platinum catalyst is added to this aqueous solution and the resultant slurry is dried and reduced in a hydrogen stream to alloy the said platinum, nickel and cobalt. Tetrafluoroethylene dispersion is added to this alloy catalyst and the resulted mixture is coated on a water repellent-treated carbon sheet, which is then fired to produce an electrode.

INNA for interelement correlations in rats after mercuric chloride exposure

Abstract: In an animal model study, we exposed rats to mercuric chloride through drinking water continuously for eight to ten months. A group of these rats were then taken off mercuric chloride water and fed distilled water. A control group of rats was given distilled water. Rat brain, spinal cord, and kidney were analyzed to determine Hg and nine other elements by INAA. Significant imbalances were detected among the groups. Most of the mercury (Hg) was found to be eliminated from the tissues studied within the first thirty days. Implications of the data are discussed in light of observed trace element imbalances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.

Oxidation and corrosion resistance of two Fe-8Cr-16Ni-Si-Cu alloys

Abstract: The Bureau of Mines has developed a low-chromium stainless steel with low-temperature corrosion resistance in acidic media and elevated temperature oxidation resistance in air. Two alloys, nominally containing Fe-8Cr-16Ni-5Si-1Cu and 0 or1 Mo, were evaluated for their potential as low-Cr (8% Cr) substitutes for conventional (18% Cr) stainless steel. Corrosion resistance was electrochemically evaluated in 1 N H2SO4,25% HNO3, 86% H3PO4, and 40% citric acid, and by mass-loss measurements in 1 N H2SO4, 25% HNO3, 86% H3PO4, glacial acetic and 40% citric acids, and distilled water. Static oxidation tests were performed at 700 and 800°C. Corrosion resistance for both alloys was equivalent to type 304 (UNS S30400) stainless steel in the 86% H3PO4, glacial acetic and 40% citric acids, and distilled water; poorer in 25% HNO3 and better in 1 N H2SO4. The oxidation resistance for both alloys was slightly poorer than type 304 SS at 700°C and slightly better at 800°C.

Production of soft drink

Abstract: PURPOSE: To produce a soft drink free from, e.g. coloration, decoloring, decrease in flavor or change in taste due to heat sterilization or with passage of time after production by using deaerated water as the constituent water and blending the deaerated water with other components in a nitrogen atmosphere. CONSTITUTION: A deaeration apparatus composed of a membrane module incorporating an ununiform hollow fiber membrane made of poly-4-methylpentene 1 as the raw material and a water seal vacuum pump connected thereto is used and distilled water of 25°C with 8.0ppm dissolved oxygen content is allowed to flow through the apparatus while reducing the pressure to 30Torr on the reduced pressure side of the module. Thereby, the dissolved gas concentrations in the deaerated water flowing out of the module are controlled to ≤0.3ppm oxygen, 0.4ppm nitrogen and 0.2ppm carbon dioxide gas based on gas chromatography analysis and concentrated apple juice, etc., is diluted with the resultant water in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas. Ascorbic acid is further added thereto, shaken and stirred while being heated at 40°C in an airtightly sealed state. Heat sterilization is subsequently carried out at 100°C for 5min, thus producing the objective soft drink free from coloration, decoloring, change in hue and taste or decrease in flavor. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO&Japio

Preparation of controlled‐release formulations of 14C‐labelled thiobencarb herbicide and study of their environmental behaviour

Abstract: Controlled-release formulations of 14C-labelled thiobencarb herbicide were prepared in calcium alginate using kaolin as an inexpensive filler. The rates of release of the herbicide from these and from a commercial granular formulation were studied in static distilled water contained in open and closed vessels. The rate of release of the herbicide was much higher from the commercial formulation than from the controlled-release formulations. Increasing the proportion of kaolin to calcium alginate in controlled-release formulations reduced the rate of release of the herbicide. There was a significant loss of thiobencarb-related radioactivity from the water solution when the vessels containing the solutions were left uncovered and exposed to light. The loss of the herbicide seemed to be due to degradation and evaporation.

Treatment of inner surface of glass tube bottle

Abstract: PURPOSE:To easily decrease the dissolution of alkali at a low cost without causing the problems of the clouding of a glass tube bottle and the environmental pollution by heating and forming a glass tube in the form of a tube bottle, pouring distilled water into the bottle and slowly cooling the bottle. CONSTITUTION:A tube bottle is formed by heating a glass tube and slowly cooled after pouring distilled water into the bottle. The thermal forming temperature of a glass tube to a tube bottle is generally >=1200 deg.C. Distilled water of normal temperature can be used in the case of pouring the water to a glass tube bottle cooled to =300 deg.C, the bottle may be broken by the thermal shock by the pouring of distilled water of normal temperature. Accordingly, it is necessary to use hot water of >=30 deg.C in the above case. The use of distilled water as the treating liquid prevents the clouding of the glass tube bottle and the undesirable effect on human body and environment.

Biological-chemical film-coating cryoprotectant for plants

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a cryoprotectant for plants. The method for producing a cryoprotectant for plants includes the steps of, mixing citrus pectin in boiling distilled water, cooling the solution of the mixing step, diluting phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) in distilled water, mixing the solution of the cooling step with the solution of the diluting step, reacting the solution of the mixing step, combining calcium phosphate (CaH(PO 4 ) with the solution of the reacting step, and adding calcium hydroxide to the solution of the combining step mixing and adding a nutrient solution to complete the formulation of the cryoprotectant.

Sequential Thin Layer Chromatography of Carbaryl and Related Compounds

Abstract: Summary Sequential thin layer chromatography is performed on silica gel G plates (0.5 ran thick layer) for the separation of carbaryl and related compounds. Common solvents such as benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, distilled water, 1, 4-dioxane, and ethyl acetate are used for sequential development of the plates. Some important separations are: carbaryl from phenol, o-nitrophenol, α-naphthol and carbofuran; in carbon tetrachloride followed by distilled water; carbofuran from phenol, o-nitrophenol, α-naphthol, carbaryl and β-naphthoxyacetic acid in distilled water followed by chloroform etc.

Effect of Boiling Methods on the Physicochemical Properties of Su Ri Chwi(Synurus palmatopinnonatifidus var. indivisus KITAM.)

Abstract: The effect of different boiling methods(with distilled water, 1% salt added water and 1% sodium bicarbonate added water) on the physicochemical properties of Su Ri Chwi (Synurus palmatopinnonatifidus var. indivisus KITAM.) were investigated. The addition of 1% sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) to the boiling water resulted in an increase in the pH of effluent. The green value of cooked Su Ri Chwi was simillar to the raw material. Su Ri Chwi cooked in 1% sodium bicarbonate added for 10minutes retained higher chlorophyll and vitamin C contents than those of Su Ri Chwi treated in distilled water and 1% salt water for 30minutes. 70% of the water-soluble proteins in raw Su Ri Chwi was albumin. However, albumin was decreased by the method used. The contents of glutelin, globulin, and prolamin were increased by the cooking, vice versa. The contents of NDF, ADF, cellulose, and lignin were decreased regardless of the method used, on the other hand, the content of hemicellulose was increased.

Cold-hot distilled water machine

Abstract: The utility model discloses a cold-hot distilled water machine, belonging to a distilled water making machine, which has the function of making icy and warm distilled water. Heat energy which is absorbed by the condensed steam can be recovered. The optimal energy service efficiency is obtained. The distilled water making machine is mainly composed of a heating vaporizing cylinder and a condensing device. The liquid water in the heating vaporizing cylinder absorbs the heat and is vaporized into the steam. Using the high-temperature pressure which is caused by the vaporization of itself, the liquid water enters into the condensing device, and is condensed into the uncontaminated distilled water. Then through a coolant pipe the temperature of the uncontaminated distilled water is decreased, and the icy distilled water is made for drinking. The water source used by the hot water-making and heating vaporizing cylinder is provided by the cooling in the condensing device. The effect of heat recycle is obtained. The structure of the utility model is novel.

An optimal rice-based oral rehydration solution: the effect of different concentrations of amylase on production of short chain polymers of glucose.

Abstract: As part of a plan to develop a rice-based oral rehydration solution containing short polymers of glucose instead of glucose, we determined the concentration of amylase that would yield the largest amount of short chain polymers. Thai rice (25 g) was boiled with 500 ml of distilled water for 30 min. Of 200 ml supernatant rice water obtained, 100 ml were digested with different amounts of amylase after cooling to 50 degrees C for 60 min, boiled for 5 min, and centrifuged (10,000 g, 25 degrees C) for 60 min. The resulting supernatant (80 ml) was freeze-dried; 1.75 g of the powder obtained were dissolved in 3.5 ml of water, passed through a Bio-Gel P2 column to separate short chain polymers (2-9 molecules of glucose) and long chain polymers (> 9 molecules of glucose), which were identified by spectrophotometry (lambda = 190 nm) or by high performance liquid chromatography. Ten mg of amylase (equivalent to 12,000 modified Wohlgemath units) per 100 ml of rice water was optimal for the production of short polymers of glucose from rice.

Method for the continuous preparation of vanadium pentoxide gels and apparatus for implementing the method

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the continuous preparation of vanadium pentoxide gel and an apparatus for implementing the method. According to the present invention, the vanadium pentoxide is raised to a temperature at least 100 °C higher than its melting point; it is poured continuously into a quenching reactor (2) containing distilled water at ambient temperature; the gel obtained flows by overflowing to an ageing reactor (4), the contents of which are recirculated to the quenching reactor; the concentration of the gel contained in the ageing reactor (4) is measured continuously so as to adjust continuously the quantity of distilled water to be added to the quenching reactor (2); the contents of the ageing reactor are evacuated into a storage drum (9). Application to the manufacture of vanadium pentoxide for anti-static applications.

Zinc alloy for zinc alkaline battery and its manufacture and zinc alkaline battery using it

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a secondary battery with has an excellent storage quality and also has an excellent cycle life by equipping as anode active substance a non-amalgamated zinc alloy whose surface is covered with an indium layer and a low melting point alloy layer containing gallium on the outside CONSTITUTION:A non-amalgamated zinc alloy containing bismuth and calcium is charged into a potassium hydroxide solution dispersed with indium hydroxide, and indium is electrically deposited while being agitated Afterwards, the alloy is heated to 70 degC and agitated by adding an appropriate quantity of metal gallium After 10 minute agitation in an alkaline solution, more than 10 times filtering cleaning is performed by using distilled water After cleaning by means of distilled water, water is removed by means of acetone, and dried at 60 degC A zinc alkaline batter is produced by using the gellike zinc anode 4 at which the surface covered non-amalgamated zinc alloy thus obtained and a surface active agent having a polyethylene oxide base are mixed and dispersed into a gellike alkaline electrolytic liquid

Conductive composite material

Abstract: PURPOSE:To get favorable electromagnetic wave shielding properties with a small amount of metallic fine particles by dispersing metallic particles, which are obtained by reacting organic metallic salt with reducing agent for said organic metallic salt under the existence of an organic binder, in the organic binder. CONSTITUTION:The solution of, for example, trifluoroacetic acid silver, polyvinyl butyral, 2,2-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2-butanon, and toluene is agitated for homogenization, and then undissolved substances and dust are removed thorough a filter. And the aqueous solution of palladium chloride, thick hydrochloric acid, and distilled water ant the aqueous solution of stanuous chloride, 500mg, thick hydrochloric acid, 20ml, and distilled water 1000ml are added little by little while agitating it, and this solution is heated and the agitation is continued to get solution in silver luster color. This is used as it is for coating as conductive coating.