Showing papers on "Distilled water published in 2022"
TL;DR: In this article , a double slope wick type solar distiller (DSWSD) coated with lanthanum cobalt oxide (LaCoO3) nanoparticles doped in black paint is experimentally investigated.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the effects of combined treatment (PAL-U) of plasma-activated liquid including PAW and plasma activated buffer solution (PABS) and ultrasound (U) for the degradation of chlorothalonil fungicide on tomato fruit was investigated.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of combined treatment (PAL-U) of plasma-activated liquid including PAW and plasma activated buffer solution (PABS) and ultrasound (U) for the degradation of chlorothalonil fungicide on tomato fruit was investigated.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors determined the wettability and interfacial tension of the hydrogen-brine-quartz system using 3D micro-Computed Tomography (CT) methods.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a continuous flow fixed bed peroxymonosulfate (PMS) reactor with distilled spirits lees derived biochar (DSLBs)/quartz wool was designed to explore the synergistic roles of active sites.
Abstract: Defect type and interactions among active sites are critical in heterogeneous peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system. Herein, a continuous flow fixed bed PMS reactor with distilled spirits lees derived biochar (DSLBs)/quartz wool was designed to explore the synergistic roles of active sites. Satisfyingly, with high graphite N, CO content and defect degree, DSLB-800 exhibited superior catalytic activity, durability and applicability for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal. The dominant contribution of 1O2, and minor roles of SO4•− and •OH were confirmed. Single graphite N, CO and C-O, combined interactions between graphite N and pyridine N, graphite N and pyrrole N, pyridine N and pyrrole N, CO and OC-O, OC-O and C-O, as well as interactions among graphite N, pyridine N and pyrrole N contributed to 1O2 generation. Notably, the double vacancy defect was also a preferential site for 1O2 production. This study advances mechanistic understanding of collaborative contribution of active sites to PMS activation.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a multilayered 2-D MXene from 3-D MAX phase was synthesized as a coating material for the solar absorber of a solar still to improve its performance.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a composite containing zinc and silica nanoparticles and bentonite, as a natural clay, is prepared using a simple, economic and green way from the extract of the Cordyline fruticosa plant.
19 citations
TL;DR: 3D-printed resin groups had higher water sorption and solubility and lower translucency values in comparison to the heat-polymerized resin group, and Regardless of resin types, thermal cycling adversely affected all tested properties.
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the water sorption, solubility, and translucency of 3D-printed denture base resins (NextDent, FormLabs, and Asiga), compare them to heat-polymerized acrylic denture base resins, and assess their performance under the effects of thermal cycling. A total of 80 acrylic disc specimens were used in the current study, categorized into four groups (n = 10); in one group, the samples were fabricated conventionally with a heat-polymerizing process (control), while the other three groups were fabricated digitally from different 3D-printed reins (NextDent, FormLabs, and Asiga). Specimens were fabricated according to the manufacturers’ recommendations and immersed in distilled water for 48 h at 37 °C. Data on water sorption, solubility, and translucency measurements (T1) were obtained. All the specimens were subjected to 5000 thermal cycles, and then the measures were repeated using the same method (T2). Data analysis was attained via ANOVA and the post hoc Tukey test (α = 0.05). The type of resin significantly affected the values of water sorption, solubility, and translucency (p < 0.001). The water sorption of 3D-printed resins was increased significantly in comparison to control with or without a thermal cycling effect. In terms of solubility, a significant increase in 3D-printed resins before thermocycling was observed; however, after thermocycling, Asiga had a significantly low value compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). Thermal cycling increased the water sorption and solubility of all tested materials. In comparison to control, the translucency of the 3D-printed resins was significantly decreased (p < 0.001). The translucency was significantly decreased per material in terms of the thermal cycling effect (before and after). NextDent showed significantly low translucency values (p < 0.001) compared to the other groups. All 3D-printed resin groups had higher water sorption and solubility and lower translucency values in comparison to the heat-polymerized resin group. Regardless of resin types, thermal cycling adversely affected all tested properties.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a composite containing zinc and silica nanoparticles and bentonite, as a natural clay, is prepared using a simple, economic and green way from the extract of the Cordyline fruticosa plant.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , solar steam generation (SSG) is developed as a promising way for seawater desalination and wastewater purification, bringing new opportunities for solving the shortages of freshwater.
Abstract: Solar steam generation (SSG) is developed as a promising way for seawater desalination and wastewater purification, bringing new opportunities for solving the shortages of freshwater.
17 citations
TL;DR: Li et al. as mentioned in this paper studied the salinity of fracturing fluid flowback from shale gas wells and its damage to reservoirs, and the results of shale particle immersion experiments showed that the mass concentration of salt in shale was 1 mg salt/g of shale.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors reported the application of Okra mucilage as a clay swelling inhibitor in drilling muds, which reduced the clay swelling appreciably as compared to distilled water.
TL;DR: In this paper , a v-corrugated basin and a reversed solar collector were used to augment the evaporation area and assist in reflecting more solar irradiance onto the outer surface of the basin.
TL;DR: In this article , the potential enhancement of solar stills performance through the addition of different concentrations of activated carbon nanoparticles (ACNPs) to the standard black paint used to coat the absorber plate was explored.
TL;DR: In this paper , unidirectional flax fiber reinforced phenolic (FFRP) composites were developed to systematically study the effects of water absorption on their mechanical properties, and a hydrothermal aging mechanism was proposed for FFRP composites, promising to steer the future design and exploitation of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites to accommodate the prolonged adaptability at water conditions.
Abstract: Natural fibers show great potential in polymer composites reinforcement, it remains challenging to tackle the mechanical stability of the composites under moist/water condition for long-term outdoor applications. Herein, unidirectional flax fiber reinforced phenolic (FFRP) composites were developed to systematically study the effects of water absorption on their mechanical properties. Water absorption tests were conducted by immersing composite specimens into distilled water at three different temperatures (23, 37.8, and 60 °C) for a period up to 3 years. Water absorption curves indicate FFRP achieved adsorption equilibrium within 64 days, exhibiting diffusion coefficients (D) of 7.3 mm2/s and maximum moisture contents (Mm) of 18.3%, which reveal the water absorption by FFRP composites in the initial stages followed Fickian behavior. After aging for 3 years, the mean values for tensile strength and Young's modulus were 57 MPa and 15 GPa, respectively, 77.7 and 47% lower, respectively, and the shear strength decreased by about 71.7% compared to the unaged specimens. The effects of hydrothermal aging on the tensile and interlaminar shear characteristics of the composites Long-term hydrothermal aging was found to weaken interlaminar shear characteristics of the composites, causing degradation/deformation of the flax fibers and degradation of the phenolic matrix. A hydrothermal aging mechanism defined as “swelling-debonding-matrix degradation-fiber degradation” at molecular scale is proposed for FFRP composites, promising to steer the future design and exploitation of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites to accommodate the prolonged adaptability at water conditions.
TL;DR: 3D printed resin exhibited noticeable differences in surface and mechanical properties between different brands and with conventional heat-polymerized PMMA.
Abstract: PURPOSE
To study the surface and mechanical properties of 3D printed denture-base resin material and compare them with conventional heat-cured polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three brands of 3D printed denture-base resin material and one conventional heat-cured PMMA were tested in this study. NextDent 3D printed resin, Dentona 3D printed resin, ASIGA 3D printed resin and Meliodent conventional PMMA. Sixty specimens (25 × 25 × 3 mm) were fabricated (n=15 per group) to perform the following tests: wettability, surface roughness, and micro-hardness. One hundred twenty specimens (65 × 10 × 3 mm) were fabricated (n=30 per group) and stored in distilled water at (37 ± 1°C) for 7 days. Specimens (N = 15) in each group were subjected to the three-point bending test and impact strength test, employing the Charpy configuration on un-notched specimens. The morphology of the fractured specimens was studied under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey-pairwise multiple comparisons with 95% confidence interval. P-values of ≤ 0.05 were considered significant.
RESULTS
The conventional heat-cured specimens demonstrated the highest means of surface roughness (0.23 ±0.07 μm), Vickers hardness number (18.11 ±0.65) and flexural strength (92.44 ±7.91 MPa), and the lowest mean of contact angle (66.71o ±3.38o). ASIGA group showed the highest mean of contact angle (73.44o ± 2.74o) and the lowest mean of surface roughness (0.19 ±0.03 μm). The highest mean of impact strength was recorded in the Dentona group (17.98 ±1.76 Kg∖m2). NextDent specimens showed the lowest means of Vickers hardness number (16.20 ±0.93), flexural strength (74.89 ±8.44 MPa), impact strength (15.20 ±0.69 Kg∖m2), and recorded the highest mean of bending modulus (2,115.80 ±178.95 MPa).
CONCLUSIONS
3D printed resin exhibited noticeable differences in surface and mechanical properties between different brands and with conventional heat-polymerized PMMA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper used a simple surface self-assembly technique to load polypyrrole (PPy) onto bamboo to make solar evaporation devices, which achieved 88% solar light absorption in the UV-vis-NIR region.
Abstract: Bamboo can be used as a good substrate material for an evaporation device because of its rich resources, low thermal conductivity, porous structure of microchannels, and high hydrophilicity. We use a simple surface self-assembly technique to load polypyrrole (PPy) onto bamboo to make solar evaporation devices. All the advantages of the PPy-bamboo solar evaporation device make it achieve 88% solar light absorption in the UV–vis–NIR region. The PPy-bamboo solar evaporation device can get a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 76.87% in the light intensity of one sun. Furthermore, the ion concentrations in the distilled water that evaporated by the PPy-bamboo solar evaporation device satisfy the drinking water standard of World Health Organization (WHO). The results of seawater desalination test and sewage treatment experiment show that the PPy-bamboo solar evaporation device has good desalination capacity and sewage treatment ability. Therefore, the PPy-bamboo solar evaporation device has a good prospect to supply a major direction to solve the difficulties with inadequate freshwater supply and treating sewage.
TL;DR: In this paper , a green and simple adsorption approach to prepare highly dispersed graphite using a cationic surfactant for graphite modification was presented, which demonstrated that the prepared graphite was highly dispersed in water and had a low sedimentation rate and small contact angle in distilled water.
Abstract: Improving the tribological characteristics of water-based drilling fluids by adding graphene-based lubricants has garnered attention because of the potential for a range of inorganic-material-based additives at high temperature. In this study, we constructed a green and simple adsorption approach to prepare highly dispersed graphite using a cationic surfactant for graphite modification. The findings demonstrated that the prepared graphite was highly dispersed in water and had a low sedimentation rate and small contact angle in distilled water. The concentration dosage of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) on graphite was 0.02 g/g. We evaluated the performance of the modified graphite as a lubricated additive in water-based drilling through a rheological study and viscosity coefficient measurement. The results showed that the viscosity coefficient of drilling fluid with 0.05% modified graphite was reduced by 67% at 180 °C. We proved that the modified graphite can significantly improve the lubrication performance of drilling fluid. Furthermore, we revealed the lubrication mechanism by analyzing the chemical structural and crystalline and morphological features of graphite through a particle size test, zeta potential test, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. The results indicated that the modification of graphite by CTAC only occurs through physical adsorption, without changing the crystal structure. These findings provide a reference for the development of high-performance water-based drilling fluids.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the use of novel packing materials to improve the performance of the humidification process and found that fine-grain foam has the maximum specific humidity difference at different operating temperatures.
TL;DR: In this paper , pulse electric field (PEF) was used to improve the extraction efficiency of Jiuzao glutelin extract (JGE), and the species, physicochemical properties, and biological activities of JGE were investigated to expand its utilization.
TL;DR: In this paper , the number, concentration, zeta potential, and surface tension of aqueous solutions were measured at different time and aeration rates, and the results showed that aeration rate and preparation time had an important role in the properties of BNBs (concentration, bubble size and surface charge) and BMBs (number and bubble size).
TL;DR: It is concluded that GA crosslinked 5-FU loaded AM and AA based hydrogels would be a potential pH-sensitive oral controlled colon drug delivery carrier.
Abstract: This project aims to synthesize and characterize the pH-sensitive controlled release of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) loaded hydrogels (5-FULH) by polymerization of acrylamide (AM) and acrylic acid (AA) in the presence of glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinker with ammonium persulphate as an initiator. The formulation's code is named according to acrylamide (A1, A2, A3), acrylic acid (B1, B2, B3) and glutaraldehyde (C1, C2, C3). The optimized formulations were exposed to various physicochemical tests, namely swelling, diffusion, porosity, sol gel analysis, and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). These 5-FULH were subjected to kinetic models for drug release data. The 5-FU were shown to be soluble in distilled water and phosphate buffer media at pH 7.4, and sparingly soluble in an acidic media at pH 1.2. The ATR-FTIR data confirmed that the 5-FU have no interaction with other ingredients. The lowest dynamic (0.98 ± 0.04% to 1.90 ± 0.03%; 1.65 ± 0.01% to 6.88 ± 0.03%) and equilibrium swelling (1.85 ± 0.01% to 6.68 ± 0.03%; 10.12 ± 0.02% to 27.89 ± 0.03%) of formulations was observed at pH 1.2, whereas the higher dynamic (4.33 ± 0.04% to 10.21 ± 0.01%) and equilibrium swelling (22.25 ± 0.03% to 55.48 ± 0.04%) was recorded at pH 7.4. These findings clearly indicated that the synthesized 5-FULH have potential swelling characteristics in pH 6.8 that will enhance the drug's release in the same pH medium. The porosity values of formulated 5-FULH range from 34% to 62% with different weight ratios of AM, AA, and GA. The gel fractions data showed variations ranging from 74 ± 0.4% (A1) to 94 ± 0.2% (B3). However, formulation A1 reported the highest 24 ± 0.1% and B3 the lowest 09 ± 0.3% sol fractions rate among the formulations. Around 20% drug release from the 5-FULH was found at 1 h in an acidic media (pH1.2), whereas >65% of drug release (pH7.4) was observed at around 25 h. These findings concluded that GA crosslinked 5-FU loaded AM and AA based hydrogels would be a potential pH-sensitive oral controlled colon drug delivery carrier.
TL;DR: In this article , a solar water distillation apparatus has been developed for the Thoothukudi coastal people in Tamilnadu, India, where drinking water is rare, and the analysis focused on the possibility of employing stretched transparency PVC cover instead of usual clear glass sheet for solar distillation equipment.
TL;DR: In this article , a cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogel was synthesized from sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), acrylic acid (AA), and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) to enhance its water absorbency and salt tolerance for soil conditioning applications in areas suffering from drought and soil salinization.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW ACC-10 ppm) on the accumulation of total flavonoids content, total phenolic content, antioxidants, and bioactive compounds over the tap and distilled water during germination.
Abstract: This study investigated the effectiveness of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW ACC-10 ppm) on the accumulation of total flavonoids content, total phenolic content, antioxidants, and bioactive compounds over the tap and distilled water during germination. Germination was carried out with moisture content (20–30%) at 35 ± 1 °C in Co2 incubator using tap water, distilled water, and SAEW pH-5.5, ACC-10 ppm. SAEW was used to decontaminate natural microbiota from the rice outer layer and to check its effect on rice bioactive components. Nevertheless, after 48 h, SAEW germination showed detrimental effects on germination potential and germination rate in brown rice. The germination enhanced GABA content from 1.8 mg/L to 7.35 mg/L showing an increase of about three times. HPLC-FLD-MS/MS and UHPLCQ-TOF- MS/MS approaches were applied to analyze amino acids & phenolics in brown rice samples. In our study, germination using SAEW affected GABA content and enhanced other amino acids, antioxidants, and phenolic compounds such as ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, and ascorbic acid as compared with the raw, tap, and distilled water germination. Results indicated that SAEW in germination might enhance the bioactive compounds of grains so it can be utilized for germination and functional food production safely in the food sector.
TL;DR: In this paper , a two-in-one solar-driven evaporation/photocatalysis system was fabricated from wood-derived porous carbon that was vertically aligned and uniformly loaded with polymetallic oxide nanoparticles.
TL;DR: In this article , the hydraulic conductivity and microscopic properties of two backfills, conventional sand/bentonite (SB) and sand/xanthan gum (XG)-amended bentonite/sand, for use in vertical cutoff walls for controlling lateral migration of lead-contaminated groundwater were investigated.
Abstract: This study investigated the hydraulic conductivity and microscopic properties of two backfills, conventional sand/bentonite (SB) and sand/xanthan gum (XG)-amended bentonite/sand (XG-SB), for use in vertical cutoff walls for controlling lateral migration of lead-contaminated groundwater. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted on the two backfills to assess slump height, specific gravity, liquid limit, and hydraulic conductivity using distilled water, tap water, and lead nitrate [Pb(NO3)2] solutions at different concentrations. The results showed that the moisture content corresponding to the target slump height was higher for XG-amended backfill as compared with unamended backfill. XG amendment slightly decreased specific gravity (Gs), but substantially increased liquid limit (wL) of the backfill. An increase in concentration of Pb(NO3)2 solution increased Gs, but decreased wL for both unamended and XG-amended backfills. The hydraulic conductivity (k) of both backfills increased with increasing concentrations of Pb(NO3)2 solutions. XG-amended backfill hydraulic conductivity (k) was found to be less than 10−9 m/s regardless of type of permeating liquid, whereas unamended backfill k was found to be higher than 10−9 m/s when permeated with Pb(NO3)2 solutions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analyses indicated that XG hydrogels filled the intergranular pores of XG-amended backfill and formed a thin coating over the bentonite particles and bentonite-coated sand granules. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed no intercalation of XG into montmorillonite platelets. The zeta potential of XG-amended bentonite was higher negative relative to unamended bentonite. The microscopic properties elucidated the mechanisms for superior hydraulic performance of XG-amended backfill. A comprehensive comparison of k for conventional backfill and polymer-amended backfills based on this study and previously published studies revealed that the bentonite content, bentonite type, effective confining stress, and cation concentration of a permeating liquid can significantly affect the k of the backfills.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors evaluated the effect of tri-frequency ultrasound (TFU, 20/40/60 kHz), dual-frequency ultrasonic (DFU), and mono-frequency (MFU, 20 kHz) on mass transfer, drying kinetics, and quality properties of infrared-dried pineapple slices.
TL;DR: In this paper , a novel potassium ion-based super absorbent polymers (SAP) with a remarkably increased water uptake was achieved via in-situ copolymerization of acrylic acid and (3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride.
TL;DR: In this article , an attempt was made to study the effect of the stacking sequence on PBS-based Glass-Jute (GJ) hybrid composites, where six types of hybrid composite, each containing five different layers of jute and glass fabric, were manufactured by the compression molding method.
Abstract: The hybridization of natural and synthetic fibers leads to composites’ optimum mechanical properties. In this study, an attempt was made to study the effect of the stacking sequence on PBS-based Glass-Jute (GJ) hybrid composites. Six types of hybrid composite, each containing five different layers of jute and glass fabric, were manufactured by the compression molding method. Mechanical properties, such as tensile, flexural, and impact resistance were studied and analyzed in detail. The surface characterization of the composites was performed through scanning electron microscopic images. The moisture absorption properties were also investigated by immersing the composites in distilled water for one week at ambient temperature. The TGA test was conducted to study their thermal properties. The experimental results showed that the stacking sequence of the fiber layers has a significant effect on the overall performance of GJ hybrid composites. Among the hybrid GJ composites, composites with glass fiber layers on their outer surfaces showed optimum mechanical, thermal, and water resistance properties.