Topic
Distilled water
About: Distilled water is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7909 publications have been published within this topic receiving 88519 citations.
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TL;DR: The extensive amount of water sorption in the current hydrophilic dental resins is a cause of concern and may affect the mechanical stability of these resins and favor the rapid and catastrophic degradation of resin-dentin bonds.
507 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the air gap resistance of high-water vapor-transmitting hydrophilic edible films is corrected to account for the air layer resistance, which can lead to underestimation of water vapor transmission rates.
448 citations
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TL;DR: Fluoride in drinking water above permissible levels is responsible for human and skeletal fluorosis and activated carbons prepared by one-step steam pyrolysis of rice straw were modified by liquid-phase oxidation using HNO3, H2O2 and KMnO4.
431 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the removal of troublesome elements in biomass to reduce slagging and fouling in furnaces and other thermal conversion systems was tested by washing (leaching) the fuel with water.
Abstract: The removal of troublesome elements in biomass to reduce slagging and fouling in furnaces and other thermal conversion systems was tested by washing (leaching) the fuel with water. Rice straw and wheat straw were washed by various techniques and analyzed for composition and ash fusibility. Potassium, sodium, and chlorine were easily removed in both tap and distilled water. Total ash was reduced by about 10% in rice straw and up to 68% in wheat straw, although washing was more effective in increasing ash fusion temperatures for rice straw than for wheat straw due to the higher initial silica concentrations in rice straw. Untreated straw ash which fused below 1000°C was observed to become more refractory at higher temperatures when washed. Scanning electron microscopy of untreated and treated rice straw ashed at 1000°C revealed all untreated ash particles to be fused and glassy, while treated particles remained unfused, were heavily depleted in most elements other than Si, and displayed structures characteristic of original cellular morphology. The fusion temperatures of the straw ash were consistent with predicted temperatures from alkali oxide-silica phase systems based on the observed concentrations of elements in the ash. A simple attempt at simulating a possible full scale washing process was carried out by spraying the surface of a bed of straw with water for an arbitrary time of 1 min. This proved less effective in removing alkali metals and chlorine than soaking the samples in water, flushing water through them in a more controlled manner, or leaving the straw exposed in the field to natural precipitation. Electrical conductivity measurements of leachate revealed that extraction was mostly complete after application of 0.04 l g−1, equivalent to 24 mm of precipitation over uniformly spread rice straw. Full scale furnace experiments have not yet been conducted, and issues involving the practical application of the technique require further investigation, but these results suggest that fouling rates should decline for treated fuels compared to untreated fuels in conventional and advanced biomass power systems.
372 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the photocatalytic properties of various tantalates were investigated for the decomposition of distilled water into H2 and O2 without co-catalysts.
367 citations