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Distilled water
About: Distilled water is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7909 publications have been published within this topic receiving 88519 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a photocatalytic decomposition of H2O to form H2 and O2 over NiOK4Nb6O17 powder (1-10 μm, band gap = 3.3 eV), which is an ion-exchangeable layered compound, proceeds steadily more than 50 h under the bandgap irradiation.
341 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a method to measure soil microbial biomass phosphorus (biomass P) in granitic soils and andosols of high P retention capacity was described, where strips of anion exchange membrane (AEM) were shaken with suspensions of soil in distilled water, a mixture of distilled water and alcohol free chloroform (CHCl3) liquid, and a standard inorganic P solution (2.5 mg KH2PO4P1−1), to estimate the recovery of CHCl3-released P.
Abstract: A method to measure soil microbial biomass phosphorus (biomass P) in granitic soils and andosols of high P retention capacity is described. Strips of anion exchange membrane (AEM) were shaken with suspensions of soil in (1) distilled water, (2) a mixture of distilled water and alcohol free chloroform (CHCl3) liquid, and (3) a standard inorganic P solution (2.5 mg KH2PO4P1−1), to estimate the recovery of CHCl3-released P. After shaking, the AEM strips were rinsed with distilled water to remove the soils from the AEM strips. Phosphorus adsorbed by the AEM strips was then eluted by 0.5 m HCl, and determined colorimetrically. The amount of CHCl3-released P was calculated from the difference between the amount of inorganic P adsorbed by AEM in unfumigated and fumigated soils. The high P retention capacity of soils, and the dark color of the extracts solution due to humic substances did not interfere with the measurement of P by this method. Biomass P was calculated from: biomass P = Ep Kp × 100 R , where Ep = (inorganic P released by CHCl3 and extracted by distilled water) minus (inorganic P released from unfumigated soil), Kp = Biomass P released by CHCl3 and extracted as inorganic P by distilled water (Kp = 0.40 at 25°C), R = percentage recovery (82.0–91.2%) of added P. Compared to the original CHCl3-fumigation extraction (FE)-method, the AEM-method is simpler, more accurate, and more flexible, allowing assay of biomass P in soils of high P retention capacity, e.g. andosols. The use of AEM allows quick and efficient adsorption of P in the soil suspensions, and is analytically very convenient.
313 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a tunable color from white to gray to blue-gray to black is synthesized by magnesium reduction of white P25 TiO2 nanocrystals followed by removing excess Mg with aqueous HCl and distilled water.
Abstract: TiOx (x < 2) nanoparticles with tunable colors from white to gray to blue–gray to black are synthesized by magnesium (Mg) reduction of white P25 TiO2 nanocrystals followed by removal of excess Mg with aqueous HCl and distilled water Increasing amounts of Mg smoothly decrease the oxygen content in TiOx which is responsible for the gradual increase in light absorption and concomitant darkening of its color from white to black with decreasing values of x The as-synthesized TiOx nanoparticles are spin-coated onto the surface of a stainless steel mesh followed by surface superhydrophobization in order to test their performance as a solar water evaporator Results from the tests show that the black TiOx efficiently generates water vapor with a solar thermal conversion efficiency as high as 50% under solar-simulated light irradiance at an intensity of 1000 W m–2 (1 Sun) Moreover, TiOx nanoparticles have inherent advantages over other materials used for solar water desalination, such as their tunable light absorption, low-cost, low-toxicity, superhydrophobicity, and chemical stability
313 citations
TL;DR: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of an unoxidized surface reveals that sulphur is present as disulphide (S22−, 78 At%), monosulphides (S2−, 15%), and as polysulphite (Sn2−), where 2 < n < 8) As1− predominates, but 15% As0 is also observed.
308 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the water stability of fast lithium ion conducting glass-ceramic electrolyte, Li1+x+yAlxTi2−xSiyP3−yO12 (LATP), has been examined in distilled water, and aqueous solutions of LiNO3, LiCl, LiOH, and HCl.
300 citations