Distributed GIS

Abstract: The Third Edition of this bestselling textbook has been fully revised and updated to include the latest developments in the field and still retains its accessible format to appeal to a broad range of students.Now divided into five clear sections the book investigates the unique, complex and difficult problems that are posed by geographic information and together they build into a holistic understanding of the key principles of GIS.This is the most current, authoritative and comprehensive treatment of the field, that goes from fundamental principles to the big picture of:GIS and the New World Ordersecurity, health and well-beingdigital differentiation in GIS consumptionthe core organizing role of GIS in Geographythe greening of GISgrand challenges of GISciencescience and explanationKey features:Four-colour throughoutAssociated website with free online resourcesTeachers manual available for lecturersA complete learning resource, with accompanying instructor links, free online lab resources and personal syllabiIncludes learning objectives and review boxes throughout each chapterNew in this edition:Completely revised with a new five part structure: Foundations; Principles; Techniques; Analysis; Management and PolicyAll new personality boxes of current GIS practitionersNew chapters on Distributed GIS, Map Production, Geovisualization, Modeling, and Managing GIS

Abstract: The GIS software sector has developed rapidly over the last ten years. Open Source GIS applications are gaining relevant market shares in academia, business, and public administration. In this paper, we illustrate the history and features of a key Open Source GIS, the Geographical Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS). GRASS has been under development for more than 28 years, has strong ties into academia, and its review mechanisms led to the integration of well tested and documented algorithms into a joint GIS suite which has been used regularly for environmental modelling. The development is community-based with developers distributed globally. Through the use of an online source code repository, mailing lists and a Wiki, users and developers communicate in order to review existing code and develop new methods. In this paper, we provide a functionality overview of the more than 400 modules available in the latest stable GRASS software release. This new release runs natively on common operating systems (MS-Windows, GNU/Linux, Mac OSX), giving basic and advanced functionality to casual and expert users. In the second part, we review selected publications with a focus on environmental modelling to illustrate the wealth of use cases for this open and free GIS.

Abstract: Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgments. GIS, Internet GIS and Distributed GIServices. Networking Fundamentals of Internet GIS. Client/Server Computing and Distributed-Component Framework. Technology Evolutions of Web Mapping. Framework of Distributed Geographic Information Services. Standards for Distributed GIServices. Geographic Markup Language. Commercial Web Mapping Programs. Mobile GIS. Quality of Service and Security Issues in Distributed GIS. Distributed GIS in Data Warehousing and Data Sharing. Internet GIS Applications in Intelligent Transportation Systems. Internet GIS Appplications in Planning and Resource Management. Conclusions and Epilogue. Acronyms. Index.

Abstract: All chapters include an Introduction, Summary and References. 1. Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Definition of GIS and Related Terminology. The Evolution of GIS. Components of GIS. Approaches to the Study of GIS. 2. Maps and GIS. Map Scale. Classes of Maps. The Mapping Process. Plane Coordinate Systems and Transformations. Geographic Coordinate System of Earth. Map Projection. Establishing a Spatial Framework for Mapping locations on Earth: Georeferencing. Acquisition of Spatial Data for the Terrain: Topographic Mapping. Attribute Data for Thematic Mapping. 3. Digital Representation of Geographic Data. Technical Issues Pertaining to Digital Representation of Geographic Data. Database and Database Management Systems. Raster Geographic Data Representation. Vector Data Representation. Object-Oriented Geographic Data Representation. The Relationship Between Data Representation and Data Analysis in GIS. 4. Data Quality and Data Standards. Concepts and Definitions of Data Quality. Components of Geographic Data Quality. Assessment of Data Quality. Managing Spatial Data Errors. Geographic Data Standards. Geographic Data Standards and GIS Development. 5. Raster-Based GIS Data Processing. Acquiring and Handling Raster Geographic Data. Raster-Based GIS Data Analysis. Output Functions of Raster Data Processing. Cartographic Modeling. 6. Vector-Based GIS Data Processing. Characteristics of Vector-Based GIS Data Processing. Vector Data Input Functions. Nontopological GIS Analysis Functions. Feature-Based Topological Functions. Layer-Based Topological Functions. Vector-Based Output Functions. Application Programming. 7. Visualization of Geographic Information and Generation of Information Products. Cartography in the context of GIS. Human-Computer Interaction and GIS. Visualization of Geographic Information. Principles of Cartographic Design in GIS. Generation of Information Products. 8. Remote Sensing and GIS Integration. Principles of Electromagnetic Remote Sensing. Remote Sensing system Classifications. Imaging Characteristics of Remote Sensing systems. Extraction of Metric Information from Remotely Sensed Images. Extraction of Thematic (Descriptive of Attribute) Information from Remotely Sensed Images. Integration of Remote Sensing and GIS. 9. Digital Terrain Modeling. Definitions and Terminology. Approaches to Digital Terrain Data Sampling. Acquisition of Digital Terrain Data. Data Processing, Analysis, and Visualization. Applications of Digital Terrain Models. 10. Spatial Analysis and Modeling. Descriptive Statistics. Spatial Autocorrelation. Quadrat Counts and Nearest-Neighbor Analysis. Trend Surface Analysis. Gravity Models. Network Analysis. GIS Modeling. 11. GIS Implementation and Project Management. Software Engineering as Applied to GIS. GIS Project Planning. Systems Analysis and User Requirements Studies. Geographic Database Design Methodology. Systems Implementation and Technology Rollout. Systems Maintenance and Technical Support. 12. GIS Issues and Prospects. Issues of Implementing GIS. The Trends of GIS Development. Frontiers of GIS Research. Conclusions. Appendix A: Internet Resources for GIS. Where to Start the Search? Pointers to Information Resources. Pointers to Product Information. Examples of Internet-Based GIS Applications. Major GIS, Cartography, Remote Sensing, Photogrammetry, and Surveying Journals. Appendix B: Glossary of GIS Terms. Index.

Abstract: (NOTE: Each chapter includes Study Guide, Exercises, References, and Key Terms and Definitions.) 1. What Is a GIS? Getting Started. Some Definitions of GIS. A Brief History of GIS. Sources of Information on GIS. People in GIS: Nils Larsen. 2. GIS's Roots in Cartography. Map and Attribute Information. Map Scale and Projections. Coordinate Systems. Geographic Information. 3. Maps as Numbers. Representing Maps as Numbers. Structuring Attributes. Structuring Maps. Why Topology Matters. Formats for GIS Data. Exchanging Data. People in GIS: Mark Bosworth. 4. Getting the Map into the Computer. Analog-to-Digital Maps. Finding Existing Map Data. Digitizing and Scanning. Field and Image Data. Data Entry. Editing and Validation. People in GIS: Susan Benjamin. 5. What Is Where? Basic Database Management. Searches by Attribute. Searches by Geography. The Query Interface. 6. Why Is It There? Describing Attributes. Statistical Analysis. Spatial Description. Spatial Analysis. Searching for Spatial Relationships. GIS and Spatial Analysis. 7. Making Maps with GIS. The Parts of a Map. Choosing a Map Type. Designing the Map. 8. How to Pick a GIS. The Evolution of GIS Software. GIS and Operating Systems. GIS Software Capabilities. GIS Software and Data Structures. Choosing the Best GIS. People in GIS: Assaf Anyamba. 9. GIS in Action. Introducing GIS in Action. Case Study 1: GIS Fights the Gypsy Moth. Case Study 2: GIS and Road Accidents in Connecticut. Case Study 3: GIS Helps Environmental Assessment in Brooklyn. Case Study 4: The Channel Islands GIS. Case Study 5: Using GIS and GPS to Map the Sliding Rocks of Racetrack Playa. 10. The Future of GIS. Why Speculate? Future Data. Future Hardware. Future Software. Some Future Issues and Problems. Conclusion. People in GIS: Michael Goodchild. Glossary. Index.