Topic
District cooling
About: District cooling is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 529 publications have been published within this topic receiving 7824 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the concept of 4th Generation District Heating (4GDH) was defined, including the relations to district cooling and the concepts of smart energy and smart thermal grids.
1,654 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of district heating and cooling considers technical, economic, and environmental aspects and helps identify possibilities for future study on district energy systems, which is a major factor in the justification for any project, from industrial, governmental and societal perspectives.
575 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a review of the current position for district heating and cooling in the world, with some deeper insights into European conditions, showing that the European situation can be characterized by higher commitment to the fundamental idea of district heating, lower specific carbon dioxide emissions, and higher awareness of the district heating benefits.
541 citations
Book•
20 Dec 2000
TL;DR: Energy Audit Types of Energy Audits General Procedure for a Detailed Energy Audit Common Energy Conservation Measures Case Study: Audit of an Office Building Verification Methods of Energy Savings Energy Sources and Utility Rate Structures Energy Resources Electricity Rates Natural Gas Rates Utility Rates for Other Energy Sources Economic Analysis Basic Concepts Inflation Rate Compounding Factors Economic Evaluation Methods among Alternatives Life Cycle Cost Analysis Method General Procedure Energy savings Estimation Models Applications Uncertainty Analysis Case Studies Reporting Guidelines Reporting a Walk-through Audit Case Study 1: Walk-Through Audit of a Residence Case Study 2: Standard Audit of
Abstract: Introduction to Energy Audit Types of Energy Audits General Procedure for a Detailed Energy Audit Common Energy Conservation Measures Case Study: Audit of an Office Building Verification Methods of Energy Savings Energy Sources and Utility Rate Structures Energy Resources Electricity Rates Natural Gas Rates Utility Rates for Other Energy Sources Economic Analysis Basic Concepts Inflation Rate Compounding Factors Economic Evaluation Methods Among Alternatives Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Method General Procedure for an Economic Evaluation Financing Options Energy Analysis Tools Ratio-Based Methods Inverse Modeling Methods Forward Modeling Methods Electrical Systems Review of Basics Electrical Motors Lighting Systems Electrical Appliances Electrical Distribution Systems Power Quality Building Envelope Basic Heat Transfer Concepts Simplified Calculation Tools for Building Envelope Audit Selected Retrofits for Building Envelope Secondary HVAC Systems Retrofit Types of Secondary HVAC Systems Ventilation Systems Ventilation of Parking Garages Indoor Temperature Controls Upgrade of Fan Systems Common HVAC Retrofit Measures Central Heating Systems Basic Combustion Principles Boiler Efficiency Improvements Existing Boiler Tune-Up Cooling Equipment Basic Cooling Principles Types of Cooling Systems Water Distribution Systems District Cooling Systems Multichiller Systems Energy Conservation Measures Energy Management Control Systems Basic Control Principles Energy Management Systems Control Applications Compressed Air Systems Review of Basic Concepts Common Energy Conservation Measures for Compressed Air Systems Thermal Energy Storage Systems Types of TES Systems Principles of TES Systems Charging/Discharging of TES systems TES Control Strategies Measures for Reducing Operating Costs Cogeneration Systems History of Cogeneration Types of Cogeneration Systems Evaluation of Cogeneration Systems Case Study Heat Recovery Systems Types of Heat Recovery Systems Performance of Heat Recovery Systems Simplified Analysis Methods Water Management Indoor Water Management Outdoor Water Management Swimming Pools Methods for Estimating Energy Savings General Procedure Energy Savings Estimation Models Applications Uncertainty Analysis Case Studies Reporting Guidelines Reporting a Walk-Through Audit Case Study 1: Walk-Through Audit of a Residence Case Study 2: Standard Audit of a Residence Case Study 3: Audit of a Museum References Appendices
246 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a review of district heating and cooling in Sweden, focusing on the market, technical, supply, environmental, institutional, and future contexts, and conclude that the long-term market solutions have then become district heating in dense urban areas and local heat pumps in suburban and rural areas.
230 citations