Showing papers on "Division (mathematics) published in 2015"

Spliddit: unleashing fair division algorithms

Abstract: Spliddit is a first-of-its-kind fair division website, which offers provably fair solutions for the division of rent, goods, and credit In this note, we discuss Spliddit's goals, methods, and implementation

Increment of Access Points in Integrated System of Wavelength Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Network Radio over Fiber

Abstract: This paper describes a novel technique to increase the numbers of access points (APs) in a wavelength division multiplexed-passive optical network (WDM-PON) integrated in a 100 GHz radio-over-fiber (RoF). Eight multi-carriers separated by 25 GHz intervals were generated in the range of 193.025 to 193.200 THz using a microring resonator (MRR) system incorporating an add-drop filter system. All optically generated multi-carriers were utilized in an integrated system of WDM-PON-RoF for transmission of four 43.6 Gb/sec orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. Results showed that an acceptable BER variation for different path lengths up to 25 km was achievable for all four access points and thus the transmission of four OFDM channels is feasible for a 25 km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) path length.

Device and method used for performing screen division display in terminal

Abstract: The present invention provides a device and a method used for performing split-screen display in a terminal. The device comprises: an instruction receiving unit, used for when the terminal receives an event notification message while running applications, receiving a view instruction for viewing the received event notification message from a user under a predetermined instruction receiving condition; a screen-splitting unit, used for dividing a current screen of the terminal into an original application area and a new application area according to the view instruction received from the user; and a display control unit, used for displaying an interface of the application currently run by the terminal in the original application area and an interface of the application related to the displayed and received event notification message in the new application area. According to the device and the method provided by the invention, split-screen display can be performed based on selection of the user at a proper time, screen-splitting accuracy is ensured while operation is simplified, and the technical effect of user-friendly interaction is realized.

Dynamic indoor region coverage division method and device for mobile robot

Abstract: The invention discloses a dynamic indoor region coverage division method and device for a mobile robot. The dynamic indoor region coverage division method at least includes that scanning each row of a raster map to divide the indoor region for two times, dividing the indoor region into an independent sub-region block and an independent region block, wherein the independent region block comprises a plurality of adjacent independent sub-region blocks; acquiring the topology planning sequence of the independent sub-region block and the topology planning sequence of each independent sub-region block of the independent region block based on a reverse searching mode and a minimum tree principle; acquiring the optimal route of the mobile robot in the indoor region based on a Dijkstra algorithm according to the topology planning sequences. The dynamic indoor region coverage division method and device for the mobile robot start from the environment cognition habits of the human to divide the indoor environment for two times, the completeness of the region with a certain function in the environment is guaranteed, and meanwhile, the region with a certain function is divided into the independent sub-regions where the mobile robot can walk; the dynamic indoor region coverage division method and device for the mobile robot conform to the robot thought.

Membrane Division, Oracles, and the Counting Hierarchy

Abstract: Polynomial-time P systems with active membranes characterise PSPACE by exploiting membranes nested to a polynomial depth, which may be subject to membrane division rules. When only elementary leaf membrane division rules are allowed, the computing power decreases to PPP = P#P, the class of problems solvable in polynomial time by deterministic Turing machines equipped with oracles for counting or majority problems. In this paper we investigate a variant of intermediate power, limiting membrane nesting hence membrane division to constant depth, and we prove that the resulting P systems can solve all problems in the counting hierarchy CH, which is located between PPP and PSPACE. In particular, for each integer k ≥ 0 we provide a lower bound to the computing power of P systems of depth k.

An Improved PDR/Magnetometer/Floor Map Integration Algorithm for Ubiquitous Positioning Using the Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter

Abstract: In this paper, a scheme is presented for fusing a foot-mounted Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and a floor map to provide ubiquitous positioning in a number of settings, such as in a supermarket as a shopping guide, in a fire emergency service for navigation, or with a hospital patient to be tracked. First, several Zero-Velocity Detection (ZDET) algorithms are compared and discussed when used in the static detection of a pedestrian. By introducing information on the Zero Velocity of the pedestrian, fused with a magnetometer measurement, an improved Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) model is developed to constrain the accumulating errors associated with the PDR positioning. Second, a Correlation Matching Algorithm based on map projection (CMAP) is presented, and a zone division of a floor map is demonstrated for fusion of the PDR algorithm. Finally, in order to use the dynamic characteristics of a pedestrian’s trajectory, the Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter (A-UKF) is applied to tightly integrate the IMU, magnetometers and floor map for ubiquitous positioning. The results of a field experiment performed on the fourth floor of the School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics (SESSI) building on the China University of Mining and Technology (CUMT) campus confirm that the proposed scheme can reliably achieve meter-level positioning.

Reconciling cost-effectiveness with the rule of rescue: the institutional division of moral labour

Abstract: Cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that a society should allocate its health care budget in order to achieve the greatest total health for its budget. However, in ‘rescue’ cases, where an individual’s life is in immediate peril, reasoning in terms of cost-effectiveness can appear inhumane. Hence considerations of cost-effectiveness and of rescue appear to be in tension. However, by attending to the division of labour in medical decision making it is possible to see how cost-effectiveness analysis and rescue-style reasoning are commonly combined in an ethically acceptable fashion.

Validity of the empty-beam correction in near-field imaging

Abstract: Extended wavefronts are used for coherent full field imaging of objects based on solving the inverse Fresnel diffraction problem. To this end, the conventional data correction step is given by division of the recorded object image by the intensity pattern of the empty beam. This division of intensities in the detection plane is a rather crude approximation for the separation of the complex valued object and probing fields. Here we present a quantitative error estimate, along with its mathematical proof, and confirm the prediction with numerical simulations. Finally the problem is illustrated with experimental results.

Dividing and multiplying the mode order for orbital-angular-momentum beams

Abstract: We demonstrate a new freedom to handle orbital-angular-momentum order. Using coordinate transformation we realize the bidirectional transformation between orders 2l (l=+5 to −5) and orders l. Mode purity and 2 OAM multiplexing system characteristics after division and multiplication are shown.

Efficient solutions to hard computational problems by P systems with symport/antiport rules and membrane division.

Abstract: P systems are computing models inspired by some basic features of biological membranes. In this work, membrane division, which provides a way to obtain an exponential workspace in linear time, is introduced into (cell-like) P systems with communication (symport/antiport) rules, where objects are never modified but they just change their places. The computational efficiency of this kind of P systems is studied. Specifically, we present a (uniform) linear time solution to the NP-complete problem, Subset Sum by using division rules for elementary membranes and communication rules of length at most 3. We further prove that such P system allowing division rules for non-elementary membranes can efficiently solve the PSPACE-complete problem, QSAT in a uniform way.

Natural number bias in operations with missing numbers

Abstract: This study investigates the hypothesis that there is a natural number bias that influences how students understand the effects of arithmetical operations involving both Arabic numerals and numbers that are represented by symbols for missing numbers. It also investigates whether this bias correlates with other aspects of students’ understanding of the number concept beyond natural numbers. Natural number bias has been characterized as the interference of natural number knowledge in reasoning about non-natural numbers. Quantitative data is presented showing that in the case of operations between numbers and missing numbers this bias acts in two main ways. First, it shapes students’ anticipations about the expected outcome of each operation, that is, that the result of addition or multiplication “must” be bigger than the initial numbers and the result of subtraction or division “must” be smaller. Second, it causes students to think that missing numbers stand mostly for natural numbers; this tendency would lead students to make decisions about the general results of operations by substituting only natural numbers for the missing number symbols. It is argued that knowledge about operations between natural numbers needs to be inhibited for students to overcome the natural number bias and to reason with numbers beyond the scope of natural numbers.

Cleaning robot and method for controlling cleaning robot

Abstract: A cleaning robot may comprise: a sensor unit for sensing obstacle information; and a control unit for generating a map on the basis of a value sensed by the sensor unit, analyzing the structure of the map by detecting area division points in the generated map, and generating a map image on the basis of the result of the analysis.

Envy-free cake-cutting in two dimensions

Abstract: We consider the problem of fair division of a two dimensional heterogeneous good among several agents. Applications include division of land as well as ad space in print and electronic media. Classical cake cutting protocols either consider a one-dimensional resource, or allocate each agent several disconnected pieces. In practice, however, the two dimensional shape of the allotted piece is of crucial importance in many applications, e.g., squares or bounded aspect-ratio rectangles are most useful for building houses as well as advertisements. We thus introduce and study the problem of envy-free two-dimensional division wherein the utility of the agents depends on the geometric shape of the allocated pieces (as well as the location and size). In addition to envy-freeness, we require that the fraction allocated to each agent be at least a certain constant that depends only on the shape of the cake and the number of agents. We focus on the case where the allotted pieces must be square and the cakes are either squares or the unbounded plane. We provide algorithms for the problem for settings with two and three agents.

Method and terminal for desktop arrangement

Abstract: The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a terminal for desktop arrangement, and relates to the technical field of electronic terminals, for increasing the freedom degree of a user in desktop arrangement, meeting the individuation requirements of the user and improving the user experience. According to the scheme, the method comprises the following steps: receiving a first triggering instruction by a terminal, wherein the first triggering instruction is used for triggering the terminal to enter a desktop arrangement mode; receiving division operation of the user in icon gaps of Icon type desktop arrangement through the terminal, and dividing the desktop of the terminal into areas according to the division operation; displaying interface elements in divided areas in a preset mode according to the interface elements selected and added by the user in the divided areas through the terminal, wherein the interface elements comprise one or more of applications, application interfaces, software, folders and shortcut keys; storing the desktop arrangement displayed in a preset mode by the terminal. The method and the terminal are provided for the user to perform desktop arrangement.

High Throughput Floating Point Exponential Function Implemented in FPGA

Abstract: New high throughput floating-point dividers implemented in FPGA based on different fast computation division algorithms are proposed. The hardware implementations uses 32- bit floating-point single precision. The implementations include both multiplicative inverse and division. The proposed hardware implementations are designed with high computation speed and throughput. They are oriented for high computation demanding applications with multiple division computations in short sequences.

Video division point acquiring method and equipment

Abstract: The invention discloses a video division point acquiring method and equipment and belongs to the field of computers. The method includes: acquiring a first division point according to the volume data of a target video; acquiring the video file, which contains several frames of images, of the target video, and acquiring a second division point according to the several frames of images; acquiring the video division point of the target video according to the first division point and the second division point. By the method, the problem that a developer needs to manually view the whole target video and record related time points in the prior art is solved, development time is reduced, development efficiency is increased, and manpower cost is lowered.

Optimizing optical systems using code division multiple access and/or orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing

Abstract: An optical receiver comprises an optical port configured to receive an encoded optical signal, and a demodulation block indirectly coupled to the port and comprising a multiplexer, wherein the multiplexer is configured to receive an encoded electrical signal, wherein the encoded electrical signal is associated with the encoded optical signal, and wherein the encoded electrical signal is encoded using a code division multiple access (CDMA) scheme, receive a code associated with the scheme, perform a dot multiplication of the encoded electrical signal and the code, and generate a differential voltage based on the dot multiplication.

High Throughput Floating-Point Dividers Implemented in FPGA

Abstract: New high throughput floating-point dividers implemented in FPGA based on different fast computation division algorithms are proposed. The hardware implementations uses 32-bit floating-point single precision. The implementations include both multiplicative inverse and division. The proposed hardware implementations are designed with high computation speed and throughput. They are oriented for high computation demanding applications with multiple division computations in short sequences.

Incremental Division of Very Large Point Clouds for Scalable 3D Surface Reconstruction

Abstract: The recent progress in Structure from Motion and Multi-View Stereo as well as the always rising number of high resolution images lead to ever larger 3D point clouds. Unfortunately, due to the large amount of memory and processing power needed, there are no suitable means for manipulating these massive amounts of data as a whole, such as fusion by 3D surface reconstruction methods. In this paper we, therefore, present an algorithm for division of very large 3D point clouds into smaller subsets allowing for a parallel 3D reconstruction of many suitably small parts. Within our space division algorithm, octrees are built representing the divided space. To limit the maximum size of the underlying data structure, we present an incremental extension of the algorithm which renders a division of billions of 3D points possible and speeds up the processing on multi-core systems. As the proposed space division does not guarantee a density-based decomposition, we show the limitations of kd-trees as an alternative data structure. Space division is especially important for volumetric 3D reconstruction, as the latter has a high memory requirement. To this end, we finally discuss the adaptability of the space division to existing surface reconstruction methods to achieve scalable 3D reconstruction and show examples on existing and novel datasets which demonstrate the potential of the incremental space division algorithm.

Plane division method and plane division device used for SLA3D printer

Abstract: The invention provides a plane division method and device used for an SLA3D printer. The method comprises the following steps: layering a three-dimensional model to be printed according to a pre-set printing layer height to obtain N printing layers; dividing each printing layer according to a pre-set SLA3D printer size to obtain M rectangular blocks of each printing layer; determining a printing sequence of each printing layer according to the M rectangular blocks of each printing layer; and sending the printing sequence of each printing layer to the SLA3D printer so as to print the three-dimensional model according to the printing sequences by the SLA3D printer, wherein N and M are positive integers. According to the plane division method and the plane division device used for the SLA3D printer provided by the invention, the SLA3D printer is applicable to printing the large-scale three-dimensional model and the relative high printing efficiency is obtained under the condition of guaranteeing the printing precision.

Radial lens distortion correction using cascaded one-parameter division model

Abstract: Radial lens distortion is the most significant lens distortion in current cameras, and many models are proposed to describe it. Fitzgibbon presented the prestigious division distortion model with just a single parameter. Based on the fact that a line in 3D space may be projected onto a curve in the image plane due to radial distortion, Aleman et al. utilized the Hough transform with three parameters to automatically correct radial lens distortion, namely, one parameter coming from the division model, and the other two arising from the corrected image line. However, in some cases, especially for wide angle lenses, the corrected results are not very satisfactory. Someone may suggest that we can use the so-called extended division model with more than one parameter. Unfortunately, the problem will become very hard to solve, since the dimensions of the Hough parameter space become higher than three. In this paper, we propose a cascaded one-parameter division model to deal with the problem. In each stage the Hough parameter space is always three-dimensional. Enormous experiments on real images illustrate the ability of our method.

A model for asymmetrical cell division.

Abstract: We present a model that describes the growth, division and death of a cell population structured by size. The model is an extension of that studied by Hall and Wake (1989) and incorporates the asymmetric division of cells. We consider the case of binary asymmetrical splitting in which a cell of size $\xi$ divides into two daughter cells of different sizes and find the steady size distribution (SSD) solution to the non-local differential equation. We then discuss the shape of the SSD solution. The existence of higher eigenfunctions is also discussed.

Three-dimensional model retrieval system and method based on parts division of hand-drawn draft

Abstract: The present invention discloses a three-dimensional model retrieval system and method based on parts division of a hand-drawn draft. The system comprises: a preprocessing module, a part marking module, a sampling point feature extracting module, a parts division module, and a similarity calculation and total score sequencing module, wherein the preprocessing module is used for denoising a hand-drawn query draft to obtain a grayscale image, and performing binarization processing, boundary extension processing and image hole filling processing on the grayscale image to obtain a processed image; the part marking module is used for performing equal-interval sampling on the processed image, and adding part tags at sampling points; the sampling point feature extracting module is used for extracting various feature vectors of the sampling points; the parts division module is used for performing division model training according to the various feature vectors of the sample points to which the part tags have been added; and the similarity calculation and total score sequencing module is used for performing local similarity calculation on parts, performing sequencing according to total scores, and feeding back a sequencing result to a client. Implementation of the embodiments of the present invention can make three-dimensional model retrieval based on the hand-drawn draft more accurate and effective.

Experimental Study of Smooth Channel Flow Division Based on Velocity Distribution

Abstract: The idea of partitioning a flow has been widely used by hydraulic researchers and engineers as a mathematical treatment to simplify complex flows. Although the flow partitioning argument is intensive, no specially designed experiments have been conducted to verify them or the models, or to determine whether the existence of division lines can be inferred from mean velocity profiles. The aim of this paper is to examine the existence of division lines in smooth channel flow by analyzing the mean velocity distribution in a flume with a smooth flat or curved bed. The newly discovered division lines from experiments were compared with the existing models. It is found that some proposed models proposed have good agreement with the derived division lines obtained from the mean velocity distributions.

Upper-division student difficulties with the Dirac delta function

Abstract: Understanding how upper-division physics students struggle to manipulate and interpret Dirac delta functions.