Docosenoic Acid

About: Docosenoic Acid is a(n) research topic. Over the lifetime, 64 publication(s) have been published within this topic receiving 1383 citation(s).

Jojoba oil wax esters and derived fatty acids and alcohols: Gas chromatographic analyses

Abstract: HCl-catalyzed ethanolysis followed by saponification readily surmounts the resistance of long chain wax esters to direct hydrolysis by alkali. Additionally, choosing ethyl instead of methyl esters allows baseline separations between long-chain alcohols and corresponding esters in gas liquid chromatographic (GLC) analysis of total alcohol and acid components before saponification. Liquid wax esters were analyzed on a temperature-programmed 3% OV-1 silicone column. Geographical and genetic effects on the variability of jojoba oil composition were investigated with five different seed samples. Major constituents in jojoba seed oil from shrubs in the Arizona deserts, as indicated by GLC analyses of oil, ethanolysis product, isolated fatty alcohols and methyl esters of isolated fatty acids, were C40 wax ester 30%, C42 wax ester 50% and C44 wax ester 10%; octadecenoic acid 6%; eicosenoic acid 35%, docosenoic acid 7%, eicosenol 22%, docosenol 21% and tetracosenol 4%. Oil from smaller leaved prostrate plants growing along California’s oceanside showed a slight tendency toward higher molecular size than oils from the California desert and Arizona specimens. The wax esters are made up of a dispro-portionately large amount of docosenyl eicosenoate and are not a random combination of constituent acids and alcohols.Lunaria annua synthetic wax ester oil was used as a model for evaluating the analytical procedures.

Cardiac Lipid Changes in Rats Fed Oils Containing Long-Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract: Fat accumulation occurred in the myocardium of young rats fed docosenoic acid provided by liquid or partially hydrogen-ated rapeseed oil or partially hydrogenated herring oil. The composition of the cardiac fatty acids and the histopathology in rats receiving oil as 40% of calories were studied after 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. In those fed liquid rapeseed oil, a peak accumulation was reached at 7 days and thereafter decreased, and the concentration of docosenoic acid was higher than in those fed the hydrogenated oils. A zero-effect level of abnormal fat deposition from liquid rapeseed oil was found to be 5% by weight of the diet or 10% of calories. Further increases in the level of dietary rapeseed oil enhanced the cardiac fat droplets and the accumulation of dietary fatty acids, particularly docosenoic acid. Canbra oil had no effect on lipid accumulation in the heart.

Non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids in lipids of shallow-water marine invertebrates: A comparison of two molluscs (Littorina littorea and Lunatia triseriata) with the sand shrimp (Crangon septemspinosus)

Abstract: 1. 1. A critical examination of the fatty acids from total lipids and certain lipid fractions of the periwinkle (Littorina littorea), moon snal (Lunatia trisepriata) and sand shrimp (Crangon septemspinosus) has been carried out by open-tubular gas-liquid chromatography. 2. 2. In the mollusc lipids two sets of novel fatty acids were detected in analyses by open-tubular column gas-lipid chromatography. These had previously been respectively included in packed column analyses with the eicosenoic and docosenoic acids. 3. 3. These acids are believed to have non-methylene-interrupted structures in which two of the three eicosadienoic acids each have one ethylenic bond in the Δ 5 position and the others in positions mimicking the corresponding normal monoethylenic fatty acids, while in two docosadienoic acids the first ethylenic bond is thought to be in the Δ 7 position. 4. 4. These novel fatty acids were not obvious components in the lipids of the sand shrimp which, however, shared with the molluscs emphasis on chain extension of 9-hexadecenoic acid to 13-eicosenoic acid.

Cardiac lipids in rats and gerbils fed oils containing C 22 fatty acids.

Abstract: Docosenoic acid from rapeseed oil or herring oil in the diet of the young rat promoted an accumulation of cardiac lipid. The triglyceride fraction accounted for most of the deposited fat and contained a high concentration of the docosenoic acid. Liquid rapeseed oil, partially hydrogenated rapeseed oil or partially hydrogenated herring oil increased the amount of cardiac fatty acids at 1 week and led to the development of degenerative lesions at 16 weeks. Whale or seal oils low in C22 fatty acids produced little effect on the amount of lipids in the heart of rats or gerbils. The latter species receiving 20% rapeseed oil in the diet showed a peak in cardiac lipid deposition at 4 days with similar levels of total fatty acids to that of rats, but with a lower concentration of erucic acid. Oil fromLimnanthes douglasii and hydrogenated herring oil also increased the amount of cardiac fatty acids in gerbils. A high intake of docosenoic acid was common to the animals displaying the cardiac alterations.

Role of eicosenoic and docosenoic fatty acids in fresh water and marine lipids

Abstract: The isomeric compositions of the eicosenoic and docosenoic fatty acids of four freshwater fish oils (from sheepshead Aplodinotus grunniens , tullibee Coregonus artedii , maria Lota lota and alewife Alosa pseudoharengus , respectively) were examined by open-tubular gas—liquid chromatography. The 22:1ω11 isomer, usually the dominant isomer in marine-fish oils, was unimportant relative to 22:1ω9. The unsaponifiables lacked fatty alcohols and pristane and were mostly cholesterol. The probability that the 22:1ω1 in marine fish oils is strictly of an exogenous origin (primarily originating as the fatty alcohol in copepod wax esters) is reviewed and it is proposed that docosenoic acids have no obligatory role in the lipid biochemistry of either marine or freshwater fish.