Showing papers on "Doctrine published in 1969"

The fiscal revolution in America

Abstract: This study chronicles the revolution in fiscal policy that occurred in the United States between the administrations of Herbert Hoover and John F.Kennedy. Unforeseen by any economist or school of economics, this period saw the doctrine of balancing the budget give way to the principle of managing government expenditures and taxes to ensure stability and growth. The author vividly relates how the thinking and decisions of the leading participants interacted with changing conditions, objectives, and experience to produce this major change of policy. In addition to the complete text of the original 1969 edition, this volume includes a new introduction by the author covering the past 20 years.

Theology for the Community of God

Abstract: This proven systematic theology represents the very best in evangelical theology Stanley Grenz presents the traditional themes of Christian doctrine -- God, humankind, Christ, the Holy Spirit, the church, and the last things--all within an emphasis on God's central program for creation, namely, the establishment of community Masterfully blending biblical, historical, and contemporary concerns, Grenz's respected work provides a coherent vision of the faith that is both intellectually satisfying and expressible in Christian living Available for the first time in paperback

The Doctrine of Supposition in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

Abstract: It is oiten assumed that the logic of terms, including supposition theory, was despised and ignored by the logicians of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, in spite of the sophistication with which it had been developed during the later middle ages. Nor is this judgment altogether unfounded. Melanchthon referred with scorn to the \"immoderate accummulation of precepts and the useless devising of inextricable labyrinths\" in the Parva Logicalia; while Phrissemius, in an attack on Peter of Spam and his followers, listed a number of the sophisms discussed in the context of supposition theory which he thought were not only useless but liable to ruin a man's style. However, it is worthwhile remembering that many of the mediaeval works were published during this period. Peter of Spain's Summulae Logicales received no fewer than 166 printed editions; Ockham's Summa Totius Logicae was printed in Oxford äs late äs 1675; Paul of Venice's Logica Magna and Logica Parva were both populär; and Paul of Pergula's Logica received eight editions at Venice between 1481 and 150l. Nor were the unpublished works necessarily unknown. For instance, St. Vincent Ferrer's De Supposicionibus Dialecticis was not printed until 1909; but it was referred to by Mengus Faventinus. It is perhaps not

The application of the European Convention on Human Rights

Abstract: This second edition is a revised and updated survey of the application of the Convention, describing the reports and decisions of its appointed organs, Article by Article and Clause by Clause, from 1968 to the end of 1982, and in some instances more recently than that. Given the vast expansion of human rights since 1968, the survey has been confined to the Convention, and there is no attempt to discuss legal or political doctrine. The new edition which draws upon the author's unique and extensive experiences as President of the European Commission of Human Rights will, like its forerunner, be the first point of reference for students and scholars of European Human Rights. Please note that the paperback edition only is available on inspection.

Weapons of Mass Protection: Nonlethality, Information Warfare, and Airpower in the Age of Chaos

Abstract: Military; Military/Defense policy and doctrine; Weapons and weapon systems; Weapons and weapon systems/Weapon systems

Strawson on Transcendental Idealism

Abstract: In his book The Bounds of Sense, Strawson argues that a distinction can be made between two " strands " in Kant's thought in the Critique of Pure Reason. On the one hand, there is what Strawson calls the "analytic " strand, in which Kant is concerned with " the set of ideas which forms the limiting framework of all our thought about the world and experience of the world ". On the other, there is the doctrine of transcendental idealism. These two strands, Strawson maintains, are not merely distinguishable, they are independent of each other. The analytic strand contains much that is worth preserving; the doctrine of transcendental idealism, however, is incoherent and based on a misleading analogy. There is no case for preserving any part of it, and it can be abandoned without any real damage to Kant's analytic achievements. Since Kant himself thought of transcendental idealism as his major philosophical insight and as the means of solving most of the main problems in philosophy, it is only natural to ask how far Strawson's low opinion of the doctrine is justified. Is transcendental idealism indefensible ? Is it logically independent of Kant's analysis of the structure of experience ? These are the questions I shall attempt to answer in this paper. Much of the paper will inevitably be concerned with the interpretation of what Kant says, in the first Critique and elsewhere. But my aim is not primarily to contribute to Kantian scholarship. It is more to examine a particular philosophical doctrine, which I think has certain merits and which can be considered to a certain extent without reference to the fact that Kant invented it. Only to a certain extent, however; since Kant was its inventor, his statement of its main tenets must be taken as defining what the doctrine is, and it is legitimate to require that any doctrine purporting to be "transcendental idealism " should be consistent with at least most of what Kant said. On

Outline of an Organo-dynamic Conception of the Structure, Nosography, and Pathogenesis of Mental Diseases

Abstract: A general doctrine totally “explaining” the object of a given science is impossible, and it can be said that even in physics no “theory” can be assimilated into such a doctrine but can only be a working hypothesis. The word ‘doctrine’, therefore, almost always and for each of us, signifies a pejorative judgment. In effect, it most often stands for speculation, abstraction, artificial construction, in short, ridiculous pretention instead of something useful.

A New Approach to Delegation

Abstract: The non-delegation doctrine is almost a complete failure. It has not prevented the delegation of legislative power. Nor has it accomplished its later purpose of assuring that delegated power will be guided by meaningful standards. More importantly, it has failed to provide needed protection against unnecessary and uncontrolled discretionary power. The time has come for the courts to acknowledge that the non-delegation doctrine is unsatisfactory and to invent better ways to protect against arbitrary administrative power. The non-delegation doctrine can and should be altered to turn it into an effective and useful judicial tool. Its purpose should no longer be either to prevent delegation of legislative power or to require meaningful statutory standards; its purpose should be the much deeper one of protecting against unnecessary and uncontrolled discretionary power. The focus should no longer be exclusively on standards; it should be on the totality of protections against arbitrariness, including both safeguards and standards. The key should no longer be statutory words; it should be the protections the administrators in fact provide, irrespective of what the statutes say or fail to say. The focus of judicial inquiries thus should shift from statutory standards to administrative safeguards and administrative standards. As soon as that shift is accomplished, the protections should grow beyond the non-delegation doctrine to a much broader requirement, judicially enforced, that as far as is practicable administrators must structure their discretionary power through appropriate safeguards and must confine and guide their discretionary power through standards, principles, and rules. The requirement should extend not only to delegated power but also to undelegated power, including especially the extremely important power of selective enforcement, which probably engenders more injustice than delegated power but which has always been almost altogether beyond the reach of the non-delegation doctrine and of all other judicial doctrine designed to prevent or check arbitrariness. The proposed changes are sweeping ones, for they will involve the

A History of Freethought in the Nineteenth Century

Abstract: Volume 1: Part I The reign of orthodoxy: the religious reaction in Britain religious reaction on the continent social reaction in the United States freethinking reaction in Britain and America the natural sciences, before Darwin Biblical criticism to Baur the religious resistance, 1800-1850 philosophy and ethics in transition. Part II - The General Advice: British and American writers, 1840-1870 European literature freethought organization. Volume 2: Part III - The scientific advance: the doctrine of evolution. Part IV - the doctrine of orthodoxy: the turning of the balance later Biblical criticism later philosophy and ethics outlying fields summary and conclusions.

Calvin's doctrine of the knowledge of God

Abstract: Outline: Calvin write in an age when traditional Christian thinking was being faced by a challene from lively and attractive alternatives For many Renaissance thinkers wisdom no longer meant handed-down truth but an ultimate goal which might be reached by many paths, old and new The way in which Calvin engaged in this struggle is the special interest of this new edition of a book first published in 1952 under the title The Doctrine of the Knowledge of God That book was more concerned with the Reformer's thought in itself as a piece of dogmatics The present edition, in which the first half is new, sets out rather to understand Calvin's doctrine against its contemporary background

The Essence of the Contract

Abstract: There can hardly be any aspect of the law of contract which has in recent years exercised the ingenuity of the courts and the academic lawyers more than the effect of fundamental breach on exemption clauses. The doctrine which seemed to be emerging, that no exemption clause could relieve a party who was in fundamental breach, has been discredited by the House of Lords in Suisse Atlantique, but though the speeches in that case have clarified the position, there is still room for a general statement of the law. The present article is concerned with clear presentation of principle rather than exhaustive examination of authority, whether academic or judicial; and though most of the points have been anticipated at some time or another, it has not seemed desirable to clog the argument by discussing these anticipations. There may also be some value in considering, as aspects of a single problem, some features of the law of contract which are usually discussed in the books under different and widely separated heads such as “Conditions and Warranties,” “Exemption Clauses,” “Discharge by Performance,” and “Discharge by Breach.”

Promissory Estoppel and Traditional Contract Doctrine

Abstract: Recent decisions' invoking Section 90 of the Restatement of Contracts demonstrate that the doctrine of promissory estoppel embodied in that section 2 is playing an important role in the fixing of limits of contractual responsibility. Promissory estoppel is, however, today serving functions quite different from those contemplated by the draftsmen of Section 90. The principal application of the doctrine is no longer in

Environmental pollution with resistant microbes.

Abstract: The do-no-harm doctrine, fundamental to most physicians, is often unwittingly relegated to secondary status by the understandable human desire to "do something." The unfortunate consequences of thi...

Creation and the Trinity

Abstract: THE DOCTRINE of the Trinity will be elaborated and defended here in a way that demands philosophical theology. It will be maintained that the doctrine stems from both revelational and speculative roots, and that its defense must appeal to and acknowledge both. The argument will put forward a set of speculative notions that articulate an abstract metaphysical theory of creation. Then the traditional conception of the Trinity will be related to the speculative categories, first in general, and later with reference to certain dilemmas crucial to the orthodoxy of the Trinitarian formulations: for instance, economic versus immanent Trinitarianism, modalism and monarchianism, the distinction between creating and begetting, and so forth. At the end it will be apparent, in outline at least, that the particularities and unique claims of the Trinitarian doctrine that stem from the revelation of God in Jesus Christ can be given general and critical, though not particular and demonstrative, articulation in the notions of the creation theory. That is, the speculative theory says only general things about the Trinitarian persons and unity; but it says general things that are liable to particular specification by precisely the elements exhibited in the historical revelation. A general defense of this connection between revelation and speculation is a topic for another essay. But a word can be said here about the advantage of such a connection. Speculation can make no claim to prove a revelational thesis. Yet it can exhibit the fact that the revelational claim is neither contradictory nor unintelligent by articulating the general features of the claim in an abstract and consistent set of categories. Most arguments against revelational doctrines (such as the Trinity) do in fact try to show the doctrines self-contradictory or unintelligent. Furthermore, the speculative interpretation of a doctrine rooted in revelation relates

Labor Arbitration of Grievances Involving Racial Discrimination

Abstract: By enacting title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964,' Congress acknowledged the fact that a substantial number of unions and employers were dealing unfairly with minority group workers. Hearings conducted by Senator Edward M. Kennedy highlighted the failure of many who do business with the Government to comply with prohibitions of racial discrimination theoretically imposed upon them through government contracts.2 A greater awareness of this problem has triggered administrative as well as judicial articulation of the doctrine that

A Neglected Theory of Legal Reasoning.

Abstract: In scribe his Introduction the essential to features Legal Reasoning, of the judicial Edward Levi as attempts he sees it to operdescribe the essential feature of the judicial process s h sees it operating in the field of American case law and in the interpretation of statutes and constitutional provisions. With respect to case law, the characteristic mode of argumentation used by the courts in this area is, in his opinion, reasoning by example.1 It is a three-step process described by the doctrine of precedent in which a proposition descriptive of the first case is made into a rule of law and then applied to a next similar situation. The steps are these: similarity is seen between cases; next the rule of law inherent in the first case is announced; then the rule of law is made applicable to the second case. Levi points out that "the rule of law inherent in the first case" is not necessarily or even typically the rule of law announced by the judge in that case. It is disturbing to find, he declares, that "the rules change from case to case and are remade with each case". This change in the rules, Levi believes, is the indispensable dynamic element in the growth of the law.2