Topic
Doctrine
About: Doctrine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 21901 publications have been published within this topic receiving 204282 citations.
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01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify several factors that have given rise to a uniquely Soviet approach to strategic thought and argue that American doctrines of limited nuclear war and intrawar deterrence conflict with deeply-rooted Soviet beliefs; hence, Soviet decisionmakers may not abide by American notions of mutual restraint in the choice of targets and weapons.
Abstract: : The report identifies several factors--historical, institutional, and political--that have given rise to a uniquely Soviet approach to strategic thought. American doctrines of limited nuclear war and intrawar deterrence are examined in light of this Soviet doctrinal tradition. It is argued that such doctrines conflict with deeply-rooted Soviet beliefs; hence, Soviet decisionmakers may not abide by American notions of mutual restraint in the choice of targets and weapons. Three caveats are stressed, however. First, evidence on Soviet strategic doctrine is ambiguous. Two, even deeply-rooted doctrinal beliefs may change, albeit slowly, in response to technical or other environmental changes. Three, doctrinal preference is not the only important factor that might affect Soviet behavior in a nuclear crisis. Situational temptations and constraints may carry independent weight. (Author)
225 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the nature of reasons, and the relationship between reasons, facts and beliefs are examined, as well as the question of whether animals without language are capable of knowledge and Wittgenstein's doctrine that I cannot be said to know that I am in pain.
Abstract: The doctrine that knowledge is a species of belief has encouraged philosophers to confuse the question of what knowledge is and the question of how it can be acquired. But we can form a conception of knowledge by asking how knowledge gets expressed in our mental lives and in our conduct, instead of asking where it comes from. Accordingly, knowledge can be defined as the ability to do things, or refrain from doing things, or believe, or want, or doubt things, for reasons that are facts. I examine the nature of reasons, and the relationship between reasons, facts and beliefs; I consider the question of whether animals without language are capable of knowledge; and I briefly criticize Wittgenstein’s doctrine that I cannot be said to know that I am in pain.
224 citations
TL;DR: The marketing concept sparked the interest of business executives and marketing educators when introduced as a pioneering idea some twenty years ago as discussed by the authors, and has since influenced the thinking of marketing educators and business executives.
Abstract: The marketing concept sparked the interest of business executives and marketing educators when introduced as a pioneering idea some twenty years ago. The doctrine has since influenced the thinking ...
223 citations
TL;DR: The invasion of Iraq, although important in itself, is even more noteworthy as a manifestation of the Bush doctrine as mentioned in this paper, which has four elements: a strong belief in the importance of a state's domestic regime in determining its foreign policy and the related judgment that this is an opportune time to transform international politics; the perception of great threats that can be defeated only by new and vigorous policies, most notably preventive war; a willingness to act unilaterally when necessary; and, as both a cause and a summary of these beliefs, an overriding sense that peace and stability require the United
Abstract: The invasion of Iraq, although important in itself, is even more noteworthy as a manifestation of the Bush doctrine. In a sharp break from the President's pre-September 11 views that saw American leadership, and especially its use of force, restricted to defending narrow and traditional vital interests, he has enunciated a far-reaching program that calls for something very much like an empire.1 The doctrine has four elements: a strong belief in the importance of a state's domestic regime in determining its foreign policy and the related judgment that this is an opportune time to transform international politics; the perception of great threats that can be defeated only by new and vigorous policies, most notably preventive war; a willingness to act unilaterally when necessary; and, as both a cause and a summary of these beliefs, an overriding sense that peace and stability require the United States to assert its primacy in world politics. It is, of course, possible that I am exaggerating and that what we are seeing is mostly an elaborate rationale for the overthrow of Saddam Hussein that will have little relevance beyond that. I think the doctrine is real, however. It is quite articulate, and American policy since the end of the military campaign has been consistent with it. Furthermore, there is a tendency for people to act in accord with the explanations they have given for their own behavior, which means that the doctrine could guide behavior even if it were originally a rationalization.2
222 citations
TL;DR: Corporate social responsibility is more than an expedient response to momentary social pressures, it is, instead, a manifestation of deep, farreaching social changes in our society as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Corporate social responsibility is more than an expedient response to momentary social pressures. It is, instead, a manifestation of deep, farreaching social changes in our society. If it is indeed akin to the Industrial Revolution, then the implications for business of the new social responsibility may be very different from those usually forecast.
220 citations