Doctrine

About: Doctrine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 21901 publications have been published within this topic receiving 204282 citations.

The Distinctiveness of Indian Secularism

Abstract: Contemporary discussions of secularism in India have been constrained by the tradition-modern(western) dichotomy. For some, secularism is originally a Christian doctrine adapted to modern western conditions, and means the strict separation of church and state. It is also predominantly a single-value doctrine, motivated either by liberty (as in the United states) or equality of citizenship (as in France) more suited to single~religion societies than to the socio-cultural context of India where it is more appropriate to rely on resources of multiple and indigenous religious traditions for the sake of quite different values of peace and toleration. Others argue that India has the civilizational resource from which to retrieve its own conception of secularism captured best by the phrase 'sarva dharma sambhava' (equal respect for all religions). I argue instead that India has worked out a distinctive conception of the secular that was at once Indian and modern. This remains a practical conception rather than a coherent doctrine or theory, and can thus be called Indian secularism only by extension. This conception builds on traditional resources as well as on the legacy of the British colonial state but innovatively transforms them. Many distinctive features characterize it. First, it deals simultaneously with inter-religious and intra-religious domination. Second, it has an explicit multi-value character. Third, it rejects strict separation. Separation does not mean exclusion or strict neutrality but what I call principled distance. Fourth, it implies neither respectful indifference nor active hostility but respectful transformation of religion. In short, secularism inherits the tradition of religious reform that began in India both prior to the advent of colonial modernity and because of a critical engagement with it. Finally, Indian secularism is an ethically~sensitive practical settlement and less a scientific, rationalist doctrine worked out by ideologues and implemented by political agents.

Appreciating the precautionary principle as an ethical evolution in ocean management

Abstract: Modern oceanic policies have begun to embrace the precautionary principle in regime formation. The debate as to the usefulness of the doctrine is voluminous and invariably centers around its dubious potential as an effective international policy tool. The debate appears irreversibly polarized and reflects the misunderstanding many scholars and policymakers have when confronted with new environmental doctrines: lost in the debate over attempting to “define”; the precautionary principle is the question of “why”; the doctrine figures prominently in today's international community. With a clearer understanding of the theoretical foundations of the precautionary principle, future oceanic regimes will apply the doctrine with a fuller appreciation as to what it is subtly signifying—a change in the international ethical order. Initially such changes within international policy processes are indiscernible, yet when recognized they prove to have profound implications for the future of international management regimes.

Swinburnian atonement and the doctrine of penal substitution

Abstract: This paper is a philosophical defense of the doctrine of penal substitution. I begin with a delineation of Richard Swinburne’s satisfaction-type theory of the atonement, exposing a weakness of it which motivates a renewed look at the theory of penal substitution. In explicating a theory of penal substitution, I contend that: (i) the execution of retributive punishment is morally justified in certain cases of deliberate wrongdoing; (ii) deliberate human sin against God constitutes such a case; and (iii) the transfer of the retributive punishment due sinners to Christ is morally coherent. Whatever else might be said for and against such a conception of the doctrine of the atonement, the plausibility of the theory presented here should give us pause in the often hasty rejection of the doctrine of penal substitution.

Offense And Defense In Israeli Military Doctrine

Abstract: Background the IDF's offensive doctrine - origins and characteristics a reappraisal of the foundations of Israeli doctrine revitalizing Israeli military doctrine.

The Second Formation of Islamic Law: The Hanafi School in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire

Abstract: The Second Formation of Islamic Law is the first book to deal with the rise of an official school of law in the post-Mongol period. The author explores how the Ottoman dynasty shaped the structure and doctrine of a particular branch within the Hanafi school of law. In addition, the book examines the opposition of various jurists, mostly from the empire's Arab provinces, to this development. By looking at the emergence of the concept of an official school of law, the book seeks to call into question the grand narratives of Islamic legal history that tend to see the nineteenth century as the major rupture. Instead, an argument is formed that some of the supposedly nineteenth-century developments, such as the codification of Islamic law, are rooted in much earlier centuries. In so doing, the book offers a new periodization of Islamic legal history in the eastern Islamic lands.