Topic
Doctrine
About: Doctrine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 21901 publications have been published within this topic receiving 204282 citations.
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TL;DR: Cosmopolitanism, originally a doctrine of world citizenship, has come in recent political philosophy to mean simply an ethical outlook in which every human being is equally an object of moral concern.
Abstract: Cosmopolitanism, originally a doctrine of world citizenship, has come in recent political philosophy to mean simply an ethical outlook in which every human being is equally an object of moral concern. However ethical cosmopolitans slide from this moral truism to deny, controversially, that as agents we have special duties of limited scope. Political communities create relations of reciprocity between their citizens and pursue projects that reflect culturally specific values and beliefs, generating special duties among fellow-members. Strong cosmopolitanism would require the creation of a world government, and this could only be an imperialist project in which existing cultural differences were either nullified or privatised.
62 citations
Book•
01 Jun 1991
TL;DR: The United States Air Force of the 199Os faces perhaps the single greatest challenge to its institutional weltanschauung since it became an independent service in 1947 as discussed by the authors, and it faces the prospect of losing the foundation upon which it has based its entire institutional identity and even its very existence.
Abstract: : The United States Air Force of the 199Os faces perhaps the single greatest challenge to its institutional weltanschauung since it became an independent service in 1947. The specter of a hostile, expansionist Soviet Union-which, for the last 45 years, has justified the maintenance of a large strategic air force overwhelmingly oriented to the western European theater is fading fast with no similarly immense threat on the immediate horizon to take its place. As a result, the USAF, perhaps more than any other US military service, faces the prospect of losing the foundation upon which it has based its entire institutional identity and even its very existence. Strategic bombing is not mere doctrine to the USAF; it is its lifeblood and provides its entire raison d'etre. Strategic bombing is as central to the identity of the Air Force as the New Testament is to the Catholic church. Without the Gospels there would be no pope; and without strategic bombing there would be no Air Force. The theology of strategic bombing has influenced every aspect of the Air Force's development since well before World War II. This system of belief too often has led the keepers of the USAF's institutional memory to dismiss as aberrant, peripheral, and irrelevant anything that fell outside the narrow confines of its strategic concepts. The USAF's uncritical approach to its own past has enabled it to declare strategic bombing decisive where it was not (Europe, 1943%5); to claim victory where there was none (Vietnam, 1972); and to neglect those air operations that, indeed, proved indispensable and potentially decisive (tactical air campaigns in the European and Pacific theaters during World War II and in Korea during 1950 and 1951).
62 citations
TL;DR: The Patient Self-Determination Act (hereafter, the Act) creates no new rights for patients or for citizens generally, and merely affirms principles that have their roots in both common law and constitutional law dating back to the late 19th century.
Abstract: The Patient Self-Determination Act (hereafter, the Act), which takes effect on December 1,1991, creates no new rights for patients or for citizens generally. The law requires Medicare/Medicaid-receiving health care providers to inform patients of their existing rights under state law to refuse treatment and prepare advance directives. By doing so, it merely affirms principles that have their roots in both common law and constitutional law dating back to the late 19th century. ("[N]o right is held more sacred, or is more carefully guarded, by the common law, than the right of every individual to the possession and control of his person, free from all restraint or interference of others, unless by clear and unquestionable authority of law." 1 ) Legal and ethical principles that govern decision making about medical treatment, familiar to most clinicians as the doctrine of informed consent, have played a significant role in clinical decision making for decades
62 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors of the Alexander Romance of Alexander's meeting with the Naked Philosophers, later known as Brahmans, were investigated and it was concluded that the author of the Romance knew the Alexander historians but did not add any genuine knowledge; and that he incorporated a separate text of Cynic origin.
Abstract: I have devoted a separate study to the question of how far the account in the Alexander Romance of Alexander's meeting with the Naked Philosophers, later known as Brahmans, rests on genuine information about India. My conclusion was that the author of the Romance knew the Alexander historians but did not add any genuine knowledge; and that he incorporated a separate text of Cynic origin, the series of ten questions and answers.
62 citations
Book•
18 Jun 1998
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the sources of change in the U.S. Doctrine for Counterinsurgency in the post-Vietnam War era and test for continuity of the doctrine.
Abstract: Preface and Reader's Guide Abbreviations Introduction and Theoretical Overview Overview and Background The Sources of Doctrinal Change: Structuring Contending Explanations Development and Evolution of U.S. Doctrine for Counterinsurgency and LIC Case Study 1: Analyzing Change to Published Doctrine for Counterinsurgency in the Post-Vietnam War Era Official Army Studies on Counterinsurgency and Identifying Shortcomings Counterinsurgency Doctrine in the Post-Vietnam War Era: Has There Been Conceptual Change? Did the U.S. Army Learn?: Assessing the Doctrinal Evidence Case Study 2: Testing for Doctrinal Continuity: The U.S. Counterinsurgency Assistance Effort in El Salvador "Drawing the Line" in Central America: U.S. Counterinsurgency Assistance in El Salvador Counterinsurgency from Vietnam to El Salvador: Testing for Doctrinal Continuity Why Didn't Counterinsurgency Doctrine Change After the Vietnam War: Testing Hypotheses Case Study 3: Testing for Doctrinal Change or Continuity: The Drug War in the Andean Ridge Fighting The Drug War on the Andean Ridge Explaining Doctrinal Change: The Drug War on the Andean Ridge Conclusions and Recommendations Theoretical Conclusions Recommendations: LIC and Military Organizations as Learning Institutions Appendix: Measuring Change in Doctrine for Counterinsurgency Selected Bibliography Index
62 citations