Topic
Dosage compensation
About: Dosage compensation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1920 publications have been published within this topic receiving 124589 citations.
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TL;DR: Mechanisms to compensate for dosage differences of genes on sex chromosomes are widespread in animals, but in birds, compensation is inefficient, implying that for many genes dosage compensation is not critical.
Abstract: Mechanisms to compensate for dosage differences of genes on sex chromosomes are widespread in animals and have been thought to be critical for viability. However, in birds, compensation is inefficient, implying that for many genes dosage compensation is not critical, and for some genes, dosage differences have even been selected for.
58 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that the extensive male bias on Z chromosomes is caused by the functional properties of male-adapted genes, which make them unsuitable for high expression in females, and that ZW females are dosage-compensated to a point where they have achieved enough compensation to maintain the integrity of critical networks.
58 citations
TL;DR: The different chromatin-based strategies used in somatic tissues and in the germline to modulate gene expression from the C. elegans X chromosomes are discussed and those used by other organisms to cope with similar X-chromosome dosage differences are compared.
Abstract: Dosage compensation, which regulates the expression of genes residing on the sex chromosomes, has provided valuable insights into chromatin-based mechanisms of gene regulation. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has adopted various strategies to down-regulate and even nearly silence the X chromosomes. This article discusses the different chromatin-based strategies used in somatic tissues and in the germline to modulate gene expression from the C. elegans X chromosomes and compares these strategies to those used by other organisms to cope with similar X-chromosome dosage differences.
58 citations
TL;DR: The emerging models for dosage compensation in mammals, flies and nematodes are reviewed, with a focus on mechanisms affecting RNA polymerase II activity on the X chromosome.
Abstract: Males and females of many animal species differ in their sex-chromosome karyotype, and this creates imbalances between X-chromosome and autosomal gene products that require compensation. Although distinct molecular mechanisms have evolved in three highly studied systems, they all achieve coordinate regulation of an entire chromosome by differential RNA-polymerase occupancy at X-linked genes. High-throughput genome-wide methods have been pivotal in driving the latest progress in the field. Here we review the emerging models for dosage compensation in mammals, flies and nematodes, with a focus on mechanisms affecting RNA polymerase II activity on the X chromosome.
58 citations
TL;DR: A number of systems that accurately compensate for sex-chromosome dosage have evolved independently: silencing a single X chromosome in female mammals, downregulating both X chromosomes in hermaphrodite Caenorhabditis elegans and upregulating theX chromosome in male Drosophila all equalize X-linked gene expression.
58 citations