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Dracocephalum moldavica
About: Dracocephalum moldavica is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 242 publications have been published within this topic receiving 3293 citations.
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TL;DR: The literature reveals that these natural antioxidants represent a potentially side effect-free alternative to synthetic antioxidants in the food processing industry and for use in preventive medicine.
861 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of a water-soluble extract of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L., syn. Moldavians dragonhead) prepared by hydrodistillation are presented.
Abstract: The chemical composition and antioxidant properties of a water-soluble extract of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L., syn. Moldavian dragonhead) prepared by hydrodistillation are presented in this study. The total phenol content was estimated as gallic acid equivalents by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method, while the qualitative–quantitative composition of the extract was determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection. The antioxidant properties assessed included iron(III) reduction and iron(II) chelation and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) and superoxide anion free radical scavenging. In addition, the ability of the extract to protect 2-deoxy-d-ribose and bovine brain-derived phospholipids against hydroxyl radical-mediated degradation was assessed. The extract principally contained polar compounds including hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids, with caffeic and ferulic acids, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, rosmarinic acid, luteolin and apigenin being identified from their chromatographic behavior and spectral characteristics. The Moldavian balm extract demonstrated activity in all the antioxidant assays; however, it was not as potent as the positive control except in the phospholipid-based assay where its hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was statistically indistinguishable from that demonstrated by Pycnogenol.
240 citations
TL;DR: Application of 100 mg L−1 TiO2 NPs could significantly ameliorate the salinity effects in Moldavian balm.
Abstract: Considering titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) role in plant growth and especially in plant tolerance against abiotic stress, a greenhouse experiment was carried out to evaluate TiO2 NPs effects (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg L−1) on agronomic traits of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) plants grown under different salinity levels (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl). Results demonstrated that all agronomic traits were negatively affected under all salinity levels but application of 100 mg L−1 TiO2 NPs mitigated these negative effects. TiO2 NPs application on Moldavian balm grown under salt stress conditions improved all agronomic traits and increased antioxidant enzyme activity compared with plants grown under salinity without TiO2 NP treatment. The application of TiO2 NPs significantly lowered H2O2 concentration. In addition, highest essential oil content (1.19%) was obtained in 100 mg L−1 TiO2 NP-treated plants under control conditions. Comprehensive GC/MS analysis of essential oils showed that geranial, z-citral, geranyl acetate and geraniol were the dominant essential oil components. The highest amounts for geranial, geraniol and z-citral were obtained in 100 mg L−1 TiO2 NP-treated plants under control conditions. In conclusion, application of 100 mg L−1 TiO2 NPs could significantly ameliorate the salinity effects in Moldavian balm.
232 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the aerial material of Moldavian balm collected from Iran was extracted by Soxhlet using seven solvents of different polarity, viz., petroleum ether, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, methanol, n-butanol and water.
Abstract: Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L., Lamiaceae) is a perennial herb native to central Asia and naturalized in eastern and central Europe. It is commonly consumed as a food-related product and as a herbal preparation because of its reputed medicinal properties. Despite its importance, few reports exist in the literature regarding the chemistry or antioxidant activity of this species. In this study, the aerial material of Moldavian balm collected from Iran was extracted by Soxhlet using seven solvents of different polarity, viz., petroleum ether, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, methanol, n-butanol and water. The qualitative–quantitative chemical composition of each extract was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detection. For each extract, the total phenolic content was estimated as was the in vitro antioxidant activity using the iron(III) reduction assay, the β-carotene–linoleic acid bleaching assay and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) free radical scavenging assays. Hydroxylated cinnamic acids, their derivatives and flavonoids were identified and quantified within the extracts, with rosmarinic acid being the most abundant component identified. The extracts demonstrated different degrees of potency within each assay, however, the observed pattern was not necessarily replicated between assays indicating the importance of the use of more than one screening technique to estimate the antioxidant activity of plant extracts.
151 citations
TL;DR: It can be decisived that there is no significant difference between wider distance between plants and medium distance and so, it can be recommended to apply the maximum level of compost (39.6 t/ha) combined with medium distance.
95 citations