Topic
Drug carrier
About: Drug carrier is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 18276 publications have been published within this topic receiving 997718 citations. The topic is also known as: drug carriers & drug vehicle.
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TL;DR: A biostable methotrexate-immobilized iron oxide nanoparticle drug carrier that may potentially be used for real-time monitoring of drug delivery through magnetic resonance imaging and prolonged particle retention may allow physicians to image tumor cells exposed to the NP-PEG-MTX conjugate over an extended therapeutic time course.
Abstract: We report the development of a biostable methotrexate-immobilized iron oxide nanoparticle drug carrier that may potentially be used for real-time monitoring of drug delivery through magnetic resonance imaging. Methotrexate (MTX) was immobilized on the nanoparticle surface via a poly(ethylene glycol) self-assembled monolayer (PEG SAM). The cytotoxicity of the nanoparticle-drug conjugate (NP-PEG-MTX) to target cells was studied with 9L glioma cells. Cellular uptake experiments showed that the uptake of NP-PEG-MTX conjugates by glioma cells was considerably higher than that of control nanoparticles. Magnetic resonance imaging in 9L cells cultured with NP-PEG-MTX of various concentrations showed significant contrast enhancement. NP-PEG-MTX demonstrated higher cytotoxicity in 9L cells to free MTX in vitro. Leucovorin, an MTX antidote, was used to rescue the cells that had been exposed to NP-PEG-MTX or free MTX, and the experiment verified the biocompatibility of NP-PEG-MTX conjugates and the MTX on NP-PEG-MTX conjugates to be the true source of the cytotoxicity to the target cells. TEM results showed that NP-PEG-MTX conjugates were internalized into the 9L cellular cytoplasm and retained its crystal structure therein for up to 144 h, as identified by electron diffraction. This prolonged particle retention may allow physicians to image tumor cells exposed to the NP-PEG-MTX conjugate over an extended therapeutic time course.
398 citations
TL;DR: A novel nanoparticulate system has been developed with excellent characteristics for the transport of proteins through the nasal mucosa with a much greater penetration of TT into the blood circulation and the lymph nodes than PLA nanoparticles.
Abstract: Purpose. The aim of the study was to encapsulate a model protein antigen, tetanus toxoid (TT), within hydrophobic (PLA) and surface hydrophilic (PLA-PEG) nanoparticles and to evaluate the potential of these colloidal carriers for the transport of proteins through the nasal mucosa.
398 citations
TL;DR: Results from early clinical trials of these polymer-drug conjugates have demonstrated several advantages over the corresponding parent drugs, including fewer side effects, enhanced therapeutic efficacy, ease of drug administration, and improved patient compliance, which warrant further clinical development of polymer- drug conjugate as a new class of anticancer agents.
398 citations
TL;DR: P pH-responsive, poly(methacrylic-g-ethylene glycol) hydrogels are investigated as oral delivery vehicles for insulin to protect the sensitive drug from proteolytic degradation in the stomach and upper portion of the small intestine.
398 citations
TL;DR: This study demonstrated that the cancer-targeting drug–polymer conjugates dramatically enhanced cellular uptake, proteasome inhibition, and cytotoxicity toward breast carcinoma cells in comparison with nontargeting drug-polymer Conjugates.
Abstract: A novel cell-targeting, pH-sensitive polymeric carrier was employed in this study for delivery of the anticancer drug bortezomib (BTZ) to cancer cells. Our strategy is based on facile conjugation of BTZ to catechol-containing polymeric carriers that are designed to be taken up selectively by cancer cells through cell surface receptor-mediated mechanisms. The polymer used as a building block in this study was poly(ethylene glycol), which was chosen for its ability to reduce nonspecific interactions with proteins and cells. The catechol moiety was exploited for its ability to bind and release borate-containing therapeutics such as BTZ in a pH-dependent manner. In acidic environments, such as in cancer tissue or the subcellular endosome, BTZ dissociates from the polymer-bound catechol groups to liberate the free drug, which inhibits proteasome function. A cancer-cell-targeting ligand, biotin, was presented on the polymer carriers to facilitate targeted entry of drug-loaded polymer carriers into cancer cells. Our study demonstrated that the cancer-targeting drug-polymer conjugates dramatically enhanced cellular uptake, proteasome inhibition, and cytotoxicity toward breast carcinoma cells in comparison with nontargeting drug-polymer conjugates. The pH-sensitive catechol-boronate binding mechanism provides a chemoselective approach for controlling the release of BTZ in targeted cancer cells, establishing a concept that may be applied in the future toward other boronic acid-containing therapeutics to treat a broad range of diseases.
395 citations