Topic
Dysarthria
About: Dysarthria is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2402 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56554 citations.
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15 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define, understand, and categorize motor speech disorders, and present a classification of the disorders based on the following: 1. Defining, Understanding, and Categorizing Motor Speech Disorders 2. Neurologic Bases of Motor Speech and its Pathologies 3. Examination of motor Speech disorders Part 2: The Disorders and their Diagnoses 4.
Abstract: Part 1: Substrates 1. Defining, Understanding, and Categorizing Motor Speech Disorders 2. Neurologic Bases of Motor Speech and its Pathologies 3. Examination of Motor Speech Disorders Part 2: The Disorders and Their Diagnoses 4. Flaccid Dysarthria 5. Spastic Dysarthria 6. Ataxic Dysarthria 7. Hypokinetic Dysarthria 8. Hyperkinetic Dysarthria 9. Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron Dysarthria 10. Mixed Dysarthrias 11. Apraxia of Speech 12. Neurogenic Mutism 13. Other Neurogenic Speech Disturbances 14. Acquired Psychogenic Speech Disturbances 15. Differential Diagnosis Part 3: Management 16. Managing Motor Speech Disorders: General Principles 17. Managing the Dysarthrias 18. Managing Apraxia of Speech 19. Managing Other Neurogenic Speech Disturbances 20. Managing Acquired Psychogenic Speech Disorders
1,215 citations
TL;DR: Thirty-second speech samples were studied of at least 30 patients in each of 7 discrete neurologic groups, each patient unequivocally diagnosed as being a representative of his diagnostic group, leading to results leading to these conclusions.
Abstract: Thirty-second speech samples were studied of at least 30 patients in each of 7 discrete neurologic groups, each patient unequivocally diagnosed as being a representative of his diagnostic group. Three judges independently rated each of these samples on each of 38 dimensions of speech and voice using a 7-point scale of severity. Computer analysis based on the means of the three ratings on each patient on each dimension yielded results leading to these conclusions: (1) Speech indeed follows neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. There are multiple types or patterns of dysarthria, each mirroring a different kind of abnormality of motor functioning. (2) These patterns of dysarthria can be differentiated; they sound different. They consist of definitive groupings of certain dimensions of speech and voice, deviant to distinctive degrees. (3) Five types of dysarthria were delineated: flaccid dysarthria (in bulbar palsy), spastic dysarthria (in pseudobulbar palsy), ataxic dysarthria (in cerebellar disorders), hypokine...
1,179 citations
TL;DR: The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) includes impairments in executive, visual-spatial, and linguistic abilities, with affective disturbance ranging from emotional blunting and depression, to disinhibition and psychotic features.
Abstract: Many diseases involve the cerebellum and produce ataxia, which is characterized by incoordination of balance, gait, extremity and eye movements, and dysarthria. Cerebellar lesions do not always manifest with ataxic motor syndromes, however. The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) includes impairments in executive, visual-spatial, and linguistic abilities, with affective disturbance ranging from emotional blunting and depression, to disinhibition and psychotic features. The cognitive and psychiatric components of the CCAS, together with the ataxic motor disability of cerebellar disorders, are conceptualized within the dysmetria of thought hypothesis. This concept holds that a universal cerebellar transform facilitates automatic modulation of behavior around a homeostatic baseline, and the behavior being modulated is determined by the specificity of anatomic subcircuits, or loops, within the cerebrocerebellar system. Damage to the cerebellar component of the distributed neural circuit subserving sensorimotor, cognitive, and emotional processing disrupts the universal cerebellar transform, leading to the universal cerebellar impairment affecting the lesioned domain. The universal cerebellar impairment manifests as ataxia when the sensorimotor cerebellum is involved and as the CCAS when pathology is in the lateral hemisphere of the posterior cerebellum (involved in cognitive processing) or in the vermis (limbic cerebellum). Cognitive and emotional disorders may accompany cerebellar diseases or be their principal clinical presentation, and this has significance for the diagnosis and management of patients with cerebellar dysfunction.
1,161 citations
TL;DR: Functional topography is considered to be a consequence of the differential arrangement of connections of the cerebellum with the spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebral hemispheres, reflecting cerebellar incorporation into the distributed neural circuits subserving movement, cognition, and emotion.
1,119 citations
TL;DR: The ability to detect the CCAS in real time in clinical neurology with a brief and validated scale should make it possible to develop a deeper understanding of the clinical consequences of cerebellar lesions in a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders with a link to the cerebellum.
1,002 citations