Showing papers on "Dysarthria published in 1982"

“Tip‐of‐the‐tongue” phenomenon in Parkinson disease

Abstract: Articulatory disturbances are frequently described in Parkinson disease, but language disorders are not. We have occasionally encountered parkinsonian patients with word-finding difficulty unrelated to memory loss, intellectual impairment, or dysarthria. To examine this, 22 medically stable parkinsonian patients were given the vocabulary subtest of the WAIS, the Boston Naming Test, measures of verbal fluency, and sentence repetition. Signs and symptoms of parkinsonism were rated. WAIS vocabulary subtest scores were above the mean for normal aged subjects, but confrontation naming was one standard deviation below norms for age and education. Naming was facilitated by cues in most patients. Only sentence repetition correlated with dysarthria. Category naming was impaired and correlated significantly with the severity of parkinsonism, especially bradykinesia. This suggests that a type of anomia may occur in Parkinson disease. it shares the clinical characteristics of the "tip-of-the-tongue" phenomenon and "word production anomia" seen in some aphasics.

Speech motor control and selected neurologic disorders

Abstract: Several hypotheses are raised concerning the motor control of human speech Speech is viewed as a special case of motor skill, conditioned by evolutionary changes in the neural and musculoskeletal systems Parallel observations from neurologically normal and handicapped speakers offer insights into the speech mechanisms of both, and, point directions for improved methods of understanding and treating the various forms of dysarthria

Persistent dysarthria with apraxia associated with a combination of lithium carbonate and haloperidol.

Abstract: Reported is a 19-year-old manic-depressive patient who developed persistent dysarthria with coexisting apraxia while on a combination of high dose haloperidol and lithium carbonate. The speech disability occurred as a solitary symptom in a patient with normal serum lithium levels and no other signs or symptoms of lithium toxicity and persisted after lithium was discontinued and the neuroleptic changed. There were several factors which favored an association between the speech disability and the drug therapy. These included improvement during a drug-free trial: the absence of a prior history of a speech problem; the patient's marked psychotic state and anxiety: and the high dosage of haloperidol.

Phonation types in dysarthria

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the phonation types in dysarthria. In clinical practice the term dysarthria is usually used as a diagnostic label for articulatory problems caused by central nervous system damage or disease. Care is taken to distinguish it from aphasia, a label used for disorders of language caused by central nervous system damage, and from apraxia of speech, a label used for impairment of motor speech programing. The chapter presents the study of Darley, Aronson, and Brown called “differential diagnostic patterns of dysarthria.” Darley and his coworkers made a thorough perceptual study of 212 patients with dysarthrias, caused by 7 types of well defined neurologic disorders. By listening repeatedly to tape recordings from all those patients, 3 judges independently rated each recording on each of 38 dimensions of speech and voice using a 7-point scale of severity. The analysis of the perceptual data in the Darley study resulted in 5 types of dysarthria being delineated, and a 6th mixed type was also identified.

Speech therapy and multiple sclerosis

Abstract: Although speech symptoms are invariably mentioned in neurological textbooks describing multiple sclerosis, the descriptions are often inconsistent and lack specific detail. The symptoms of this disorder are so varied that they encompass practically the whole field of neurology. Characteristically, in about two-thirds of patients the symptoms come and go spontaneously (exacerbation and remission). In the remaining third, the course is progressive. The possible causes and presentations of multiple sclerosis have been covered earlier, and so will not be dwelt upon: but the classic triad of signs first described by Charcot in 1877 (nystagmus, intention tremor and dysarthria) was first delineated as disseminated sclerosis, today called multiple sclerosis.