Showing papers on "Dysarthria published in 1987"
TL;DR: This study was conducted to investigate the degree of accuracy with which three groups of listeners could use perceptual analysis alone for identification of specific dysarthria types.
105 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of stop-gap duration, voice onset time (VOT), and vowel duration in intelligible speakers with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis indicated that the ALS speakers, as a group, exhibited a direct relationship between stop- gap and vowel durations associated with productions of /t/ and /k/.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate stop-gap duration, voice onset time (VOT), and vowel duration in intelligible speakers with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Broadband sound spectrograms were used to measure 8 normal and 8 ALS speakers' intelligible speech productions of monosyllabic words containing word-initial stop-plosive consonants (/p, t, k, b, d, g/) Significant differences were found between the two groups for both vowel duration and stop-gap duration; moreover, correlational analysis indicated that the ALS speakers, as a group, exhibited a direct relationship between stop-gap and vowel durations associated with productions of /t/ and /k/ No significant differences were found between the two talker groups for VOT Results will be related to the neuroanatomical and physiological mechanisms involved in dysarthric (ALS) speech
62 citations
TL;DR: The data demonstrate that the brain stem, with multiple discrete motoneuron groups, is amenable to parallel behavioral, anatomic, histochemical, and pharmacologic analyses as a means to enhance clinical diagnosis and management of ALS.
25 citations
TL;DR: An Anglophone population and a Francophone population were given a task requiring the comprehension of syntactic structures for the correct assignment of thematic roles to nouns, and Discriminant analysis was used to classify subjects into aphasic and normal groups according to their scores on the task.
19 citations
TL;DR: Ten patients are presented with severe dysarthria from a right hemisphere stroke, 4 with autopsies, emphasizing that this lesion alone is compatible with severely slurred speech.
Abstract: Ten patients are presented with severe dysarthria from a right hemisphere stroke, 4 with autopsies, emphasizing that this lesion alone is compatible with severely slurred speech. Most had oropharyngeal weakness; the accompanying hemiparesis was of variable severity. Superficial or deep infarctions were responsible, the smallest involving the right frontal operculum.
19 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that visuomotor-tracking paradigms provide a viable approach to clinical evaluation of speech-muscle function in nonspeech tasks.
Abstract: Assessment of speech-muscle function during nonspeech tasks may provide an important component in the clinical evaluation of speech-motor disorders. Various methodological problems have limited the...
17 citations
TL;DR: The findings suggest that the association of a speech disorder with organic disease does not necessarily imply a causal relationship, even when the speech signs seem to arise from the site or organ system affected by disease.
Abstract: Four patients are described who had neurologic disease and accompanying dysphonia that proved to he partially or entirely psychogenic. The findings suggest that the association of a speech disorder with organic disease does not necessarily imply a causal relationship, even when the speech signs seem to arise from the site or organ system affected by disease. The potential for psychogenic factors to confuse the differential neurologic diagnosis of speech disorders is emphasised.
17 citations
TL;DR: Although there was a relation between severity of dysarthria and neurologic disorders, anarthria can be seen in children with bilateral supranuclear lesions and only slight neurologic disability.
Abstract: We analyzed the dysarthria of four children with bilateral supranuclear facial palsy and four with bilateral peripheral facial palsy. The children with peripheral lesions had only moderate dysarthria, characterized mainly by weakened vowels and consonants and by hypemasality. In contrast, children with supranuclear lesions were anarthric at first, followed by severe dysarthria with reduced stress and many pauses. Although there was a relation between severity of dysarthria and neurologic disorders, anarthria can be seen in children with bilateral supranuclear lesions and only slight neurologic disability. Damage to cortical or brainstem control mechanisms may be responsible.
15 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that in some instances long-term therapy for dysarthria is both beneficial and economically justifiable.
8 citations
TL;DR: The clinical picture of dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome or ataxic hemiparesis is not specific for lacunar infarction, and the lesion's location is not possible to predict from clinical information alone.
Abstract: We describe two patients, one with clumsy hand-dysarthria syndrome and one with ataxic hemiparesis. Both had pontine lesions on CT. Similar clinical syndromes may be seen with lesions of the internal
8 citations
TL;DR: Three models describing the speech excitation wave (denoted as pitch process) are suggested in order to detect vocal tremor in pathological speech, and the advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed.
Abstract: Three models describing the speech excitation wave (denoted as pitch process) are suggested in order to detect vocal tremor in pathological speech. These models are compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of each of them are discussed. Comparison results for synthesized speech are presented, as well as spectral analysis results for real data of Parkinsonian speech, from which it turns out that the pitch process may serve as a powerful tool for detecting such tremor.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The clinical characteristics of Dysarthria in neurological disease are reviewed in relation to the site of the lesion, giving special attention to dysarthria as an early symptom and to paroxysmal dysarthia.
Abstract: The clinical characteristics of dysarthria in neurological disease are reviewed in relation to the site of the lesion, giving special attention to dysarthria as an early symptom and to paroxysmal dysarthria. Iatrogenic and toxic causes of speech disorder are enumerated and the principles of diagnosis and therapy summarized.
TL;DR: Speech production ability was assessed in four long-standing cases using the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment and some supplementary measures, and deterioration in intelligibility, slow speaking rate, articulatory errors with the tongue the most involved of the articulators, and disruption of respiratory, laryngeal and swallow mechanisms.
Abstract: Although dysarthria has often been noted in Legionnaires’ disease sufferers, description of its components has been scarce. Speech production ability was assessed in four long-standing cases using the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment and some supplementary measures. Present in all subjects were deterioration in intelligibility, slow speaking rate, articulatory errors with the tongue the most involved of the articulators, and disruption of respiratory, laryngeal and swallow mechanisms. Cerebellar signs were evident in all subjects but the overall dysarthria pattern did not correspond closely with ataxic dysarthric features. Reference to aphasia is also made in the Legionnaires’ disease literature, but the Token Test, Graded Naming Test and the reading and writing tests of the Western Aphasia Battery did not reveal language deficiency in any of the subjects.
[...]
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed several speech disorders, including dysarthria, paraphasias, and jargonaphasia, which is a subset of sensory or Wernicke's aphasia.
Abstract: Publisher Summary
This chapter reviews several speech disorders. The analysis of expressive speech is a multidimensional process. Speech may become disordered because of linguistic or extra-linguistic factors. Disordered articulation has numerous causes. Some dysarthric patients have cortical lesions and coexisting linguistic deficits, whereas others are free of any linguistic deficits. Abnormal self-monitoring of speech may occur in advanced dementia, Korsakoff's psychosis, or jargonaphasia. Both jargonaphasia and Korsakoff's psychosis are characterized by a failed insight into illness. The term anomia implies a difficulty in the retrieval of words. Anomia may occur on confrontation naming of objects or in running speech. Among aphasic and demented subjects, speech is altered in predictable ways by word-retrieval problems. Paraphasias are substitution errors that occur during speech. Neologistic jargon or jargonaphasia is a subset of sensory or Wernicke's aphasia. Dysarthria is a broad term encompassing many nonlinguistic disorders of speech. Dysarthria can arise from the structural lesions of the pharynx, tongue, palate, or lips.