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Showing papers on "Dysarthria published in 1988"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the dementia of PD is distinguishable from that of DAT: PD patients have prominent motor speech abnormalities, whereas DAT patients exhibit more profound language alterations.
Abstract: Speech and language alterations were assessed in 51 patients with Parkinson9s disease (PD) and 10 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). Thirty-five of the PD patients had no evidence of intellectual impairment on a conventional mental status questionnaire and 16 of the PD patients had dementia syndromes of comparable severity to the DAT patients. DAT produced significantly greater language disturbances, including anomia, decreased information content of spontaneous speech, and diminished word list generation. PD patients had significantly decreased phrase length, impaired speech melody, dysarthria, and agraphia. The results suggest that the dementia of PD is distinguishable from that of DAT: PD patients have prominent motor speech abnormalities, whereas DAT patients exhibit more profound language alterations.

404 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The interpretation of the data favors the hypothesis that changes in the structure of spontaneous language production with increasing severity of dysarthria reflect PD patients' adaptation to their disease.

212 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1988-Brain
TL;DR: A comprehensive language test battery (Aachen Aphasia Test) was administered to 45 patients in the early, middle or later stages of Huntington's disease and to 20 control subjects, finding no primary language changes in HD.
Abstract: A comprehensive language test battery (Aachen Aphasia Test) was administered to 45 patients in the early, middle or later stages of Huntington's disease (HD) and to 20 control subjects. In spontaneous speech, many HD patients exhibited a loss of conversational initiative. Dysarthria was a common finding. Reading skills were found to be impaired mainly as a consequence of dysarthria; some HD patients displayed visual dyslexia. In addition to the characteristic disturbances of writing skills due to the choreiform movement disorder, the writing of HD patients with advanced dementia indicated constructional dysgraphia, characterized by frequent omissions, perseverations and substitutions. HD patients exhibited no evidence of word-finding difficulty or other semantic deficits in spontaneous speech. There was, however, a marked impairment in visual confrontation naming, with a significant rise in naming error rate as the disease progressed in severity. In most instances, the inappropriate names referred to an object visually similar to the target object, suggesting that visual misperception is the major cause of the naming disorder in HD. Syntactical structure of spontaneous speech was typically reduced to short, simple sentence construction. Verbal stereotypes were only rarely encountered and occurred late in the course of the disease. Tests of language comprehension reflected the general degree of dementia. It is concluded that there are no primary language changes in HD. Instead, a variety of language impairments develop secondary to other neurological and neuropsychological changes.

105 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recommendations are made for modifying standard practices for obtaining interobserver reliability for perceptual ratings of speech characteristics for minimally trained judges.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of ratings of perceptual characteristics for 10 ataxic dysarthric subjects. The influence of the occurrence of "deviant" speech parameters o...

78 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An acoustical and perceptual study of lexical tone was conducted and indicated that tone production is relatively spared in aphasic patients with unilateral left hemisphere lesions, and tone production in dysarthria with cerebellar disease.

63 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Overall language performance scores of the head-injured group were found to be significantly lower than achieved by the control group.
Abstract: The speech and language functioning of a group of 20 children (aged 8-16) who had sustained a closed head injury at least 12 months previously were assessed with the purpose of developing a comprehensive profile of the type and severity of the long-term speech/language disorders exhibited by this group. The subjects were administered a battery of speech/language assessments including an articulation/phonological assessment; oromotor assessment; overall language test and specific language skills assessments. Performance of the head-injured group was compared to that of a group of non-neurologically impaired accident victims matched for age, sex and socioeconomic status. Overall language performance scores of the head-injured group were found to be significantly lower than achieved by the control group.

60 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the dimensions of loss and reactions typically observed in patients with neuropathologies of speech and language are addressed, including apraxia, dysarthria, and aphasia.
Abstract: Loss and the feelings associated with it permeate all significant occurrences of aphasia, apraxia, and dysarthria. In aphasic, apraxic and dysarthric patients there is a painful separation from loved ones and valued objects, and reduced levels of functioning. Neurogenic communication disorders, and concomitantly occurring pathologies are frequently the source of many real and symbolic losses. They occur rapidly, with little time to prepare. Often the aware patient is overcome by loss and the human reaction to it: the grief response. This paper addresses the dimensions of loss and reactions typically observed in patients with neuropathologies of speech and language.

58 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Clonazepam has a definite role in the management of perkinsonian dysarthria and of the 11 patients who completed the study, 10 showed improvement.
Abstract: We studied the effect of clonazepam in a double-blind trial on 12 parkinsonian patients with hypokinetic dysarthria. Speech samples were judged on 14 of the dimensions used in the Mayo Clinic dysarthria study. Of the 11 patients who completed the study, 10 showed improvement. The effective dosage of clonazepam was 0. 25 to 0. 5 mg/d with higher dosage than that less effective. Clonazepam has a definite role in the management of perkinsonian dysarthria.

51 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present study reports on some acoustic dimensions of perceptually accelerated speech in dysarthria, including the proportions of voiced and voiceless segments, and two different types of impairment could be discerned.
Abstract: The present study reports on some acoustic dimensions of perceptually accelerated speech in dysarthria. Twelve dysarthric patients who were clinically judged as presenting an increased speech rate were investigated. Control groups of slowed dysarthrics (n = 12) and of normal subjects (n = 15) were also examined. The speech material consisted of chains of plosive-vowel syllables uttered in a sentence repetition task. The speech wave envelope of these sentences was evaluated with respect to characteristic temporal and amplitude patterns. Proportions of stop gaps, noise segments and segments of quasiperiodic oscillation were also determined.The patients with accelerated speech had normal or near-to-normal syllabic rates. Segmental contrast was more or less reduced, depending on the degree of severity. Concerning the proportions of voiced and voiceless segments two different types of impairment could be discerned. Possible physiological interpretations of these results and the relation between acoustic and pe...

24 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This case study describes the long-term treatment and changing symptoms in a single subject with dysarthria secondary to basilar artery thrombosis.
Abstract: This case study describes the long-term treatment and changing symptoms in a single subject with dysarthria secondary to basilar artery thrombosis. Initially, the subject was anarthric. Treatment e...

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is indicated that dissociation of oral and laryngeal gestures due to brain injury is possible and the possibility of discrete center lesions in the frontal motor association area causing different types of apraxia of speech is discussed.

Journal Article
TL;DR: A review of recent research concerning speech and language deficits in closed head injured patients (CHI) suggests that linguistic functions are particularly vulnerable in severe head injury and suggests that the therapeutic approaches traditionally implemented with CVA aphasic patients are appropriate for the management of CHI aphasIC patients.
Abstract: A review of recent research conducted at the Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine in New York City concerning speech and language deficits in closed head injured patients (CHI). One hundred and twenty-five consecutive admissions of 125 closed head injured post coma patients were administered standardized aphasia tests to determine the presence and nature of verbal deficits. Mean time since injury for the group was 45 weeks. All patients, without exception, evidenced linguistic impairment. The population fell into three relatively equally sized groups: classic aphasia, dysarthria accompanied by linguistic deficits, and "subclinical" aphasic deficits. The study results suggest that linguistic functions are particularly vulnerable in severe head injury. A second study compared aphasia secondary to CVA and CHI. When age and time since onset were controlled, aphasic CHI and CVA patients are more similar than different in linguistic task performance and overall functional communication effectiveness. The results suggest that the therapeutic approaches traditionally implemented with CVA aphasic patients are appropriate for the management of CHI aphasic patients as well.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Research should continue to address the neurophysiologic substrates of the dysarthrias of movement disorders, and most importantly, efficacious means of treating these impairments of speech.
Abstract: Following the seminal works of Canter (152) and Darley, et al. (1) concerning differential diagnosis and classification of dysarthria, considerable strides have been made with regard to characterizing the features of speech that occur with disorders of movement. Research should continue to address the neurophysiologic substrates of the dysarthrias of movement disorders, and most importantly, efficacious means of treating these impairments of speech.



Journal Article
TL;DR: Treatment of speech prosthesis retention difficulty in a 20-year-old woman who sustained a cranial cerebral trauma in a motor vehicle accident and introduction of a topical anesthetic, Zylocaine Viscous, blocked the sensory feedback loop and eliminated the retention problem.

Journal ArticleDOI
Pam Enderby1
TL;DR: Dysarthria is the most commonly acquired speech disorder and yet less attention, research and space in the literature have been taken in this field compared to others.
Abstract: obvious structures of the tongue, lips and palate, but also to consider the abnormalities of speech production related to laryngeal and respiratory support. Dysarthria is the most commonly acquired speech disorder and yet less attention, research and space in the literature have been taken in this field compared to others. Despite more activity in the last decade, management has not changed substantially. This is surprising when one considers the progress that has been made in fluency disorders and dysphasia, etc. It is possible that the delay in progress is due to the lack of agreed ways to describe manifestations of the disorder. In addition this speech impairment is

Journal Article
TL;DR: The case of a 67 year old female parkinsonian patient with a severe dysarthria of the iterative type, commonly found in Parkinson's disease, is reported.
Abstract: Iterative dysarthria is a speech disorder which bears some resemblance to stuttering. It is commonly found in Parkinson's disease but has so far received little attention to. We report the case of a 67 year old female parkinsonian patient with a severe dysarthria of the iterative type. The characteristic features of iterative dysarthria are described and the relevant literature is reviewed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report on qualitative and quantitative observations on the speech production characteristics of adults with cerebral palsy, primarily of the spastic type, and analyze multiple repetitions of selected sentences to determine the spectral and temporal characteristics of segments.
Abstract: This paper will report on qualitative and quantitative observations on the speech production characteristics of adults with cerebral palsy The subjects were ten adults with cerebral palsy, primarily of the spastic type Multiple repetitions of selected sentences were analyzed acoustically to determine the spectral and temporal characteristics of segments In addition, certain qualitative analyses, involving the form of spectrographic displays across utterance repetitions, were performed to address the issue of random versus consistent control of articulatory gestures in neurogenic speech disorders It is argued that in some cases a patient may produce very aberrant temporal and spectral features which, nevertheless, are quite consistent across repetitions

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Critchley (1970: 281) entertained the view that this cerebral resilience extended well into the second decade of life.
Abstract: For a long time the opinion prevailed that disorders of language or of speech following brain damage in children who had already begun to acquire their mother-tongue were transitory. It was assumed that, due to the plasticity of the young brain, uninjured cerebral parts could fairly quickly take over and ensure recovery and further development of verbal skills. Critchley (1970: 281) entertained the view that this cerebral resilience extended well into the second decade of life.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Several years ago, one of my patients with Bell's palsy and speech impairment showed me a method for transiently alleviating the dysarthria that has stood the test of time as a means for assuring myself that the patient's speech production problems were due to weakness of the perioral facial muscles and not to a disorder of central processes governing speech production.
Abstract: To the Editor. —An impairment of speech production can accompany a lesion of the eighth cranial nerve, producing paresis of facial muscles. The patients may become aware of their difficulties in speech production, particularly during telephone conversations when they may have to repeat themselves several times to be understood. The dysarthria is also apparent to the examining physician, raising the possibility that a brain-stem lesion is the cause of the speech disorder with the facial paresis being a separate manifestation of the central pathology. Several years ago, one of my patients with Bell's palsy and speech impairment showed me a method for transiently alleviating the dysarthria that has stood the test of time as a means for assuring myself that the patient's speech production To show maneuver for improving dysarthria in facial paresis.