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Showing papers on "Dysarthria published in 2007"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study significantly improved the intelligibility of dysarthric vowels of one speaker from 48% to 54%, as evaluated by a vowel identification task using 64 CVC stimuli judged by 24 listeners.

161 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A detailed analysis of motor speech errors in 18 patients with PNFA and neural correlates using voxel-based morphometry on magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrated that patients with AOS-only and AOS plus dysarthria showed atrophy in the left posterior frontal, anterior insular, and basal ganglia regions when compared with controls.
Abstract: Progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA) is a clinical le characterized by motor speech impairment and syndrome characterized by motor speech impairment and agrammatism, with relative sparing of single word comprehension and semantic memory. PNFA has been associated with the characteristic pattern of left anterior insular and posterior frontal atrophy, including the motor and premotor regions and Broca's area. Postmortem histopathologic evidence has shown that PNFA is usually associated with tau pathology, although focal Alzheimer disease pathology and tau-negative, ubiquitin-TDP-43 inclusions also have been reported in association with this clinical syndrome. We performed a detailed analysis of motor speech errors in 18 patients with PNFA and investigated their neural correlates using voxel-based morphometry on magnetic resonance imaging scans. Seven patients demonstrated only apraxia of speech (AOS) errors, whereas 11 showed AOS along with dysarthria. Slow rate of speech, effortful articulation with groping, and consonant distortions were the most common AOS errors. Hypernasality was the most represented dysarthric feature and dysarthria was most often classified as spastic, hypokinetic, or mixed spastic-hypokinetic. Neuroimaging results demonstrated that patients with AOS-only and AOS plus dysarthria showed atrophy in the left posterior frontal, anterior insular, and basal ganglia regions when compared with controls. Patients with AOS plus dysarthria showed greater damage than patients with AOS-only in the left face portion of primary motor cortex and left caudate. PNFA is a distinct frontotemporal lobar degeneration clinical syndrome associated with characteristic clinical, neuroimaging, and pathologic features. The clinical features are driven by the severity of left frontal and caudate damage.

156 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Speech intelligibility is significantly reduced in Parkinson’s disease; it can be among the main concerns of people with PD, but it is not dependent on disease severity, duration or motor phenotype.
Abstract: Background: Changes to spoken communication are inevitable in Parkinson’s disease (PD). It remains unclear what consequences changes have for intelligibility of speech. Aims: To establish the prevalence of impaired speech intelligibility in people with PD and the relationship of intelligibility decline to indicators of disease progression. Methods: 125 speakers with PD and age matched unaffected controls completed a diagnostic intelligibility test and described how to carry out a common daily activity in an “off drug” state. Listeners unfamiliar with dysarthric speech evaluated responses. Results: 69.6% (n = 87) of people with PD fell below the control mean of unaffected speakers (n = 40), 51.2% (n = 64) by more than −1 SD below. 48% (n = 60) were perceived as worse than the lowest unaffected speaker for how disordered speech sounded. 38% (n = 47) placed speech changes among their top four concerns regarding their PD. Intelligibility level did not correlate significantly with age or disease duration and only weakly with stage and severity of PD. There were no significant differences between participants with tremor dominant versus postural instability/gait disorder motor phenotypes of PD. Conclusions: Speech intelligibility is significantly reduced in PD; it can be among the main concerns of people with PD, but it is not dependent on disease severity, duration or motor phenotype. Patients’ own perceptions of the extent of change do not necessarily reflect objective measures.

148 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: LSVT-X successfully increased vocal SPL (which was consistent with improvements following traditional LSVT), decreased perceived voice handicap, and improved functional speech in individuals with PD.
Abstract: Purpose The present study examined vocal SPL, voice handicap, and speech characteristics in Parkinson’s disease (PD) following an extended version of the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT), to he...

114 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, a review assessed interventions for global aspects of speech in individuals with dysarthria and concluded that there was limited evidence of efficacy, with the exception of modification of loudness for individuals with Parkinson's disease hypokinetic disarthria.
Abstract: CRD summary The review assessed interventions for global aspects of speech in individuals with dysarthria. The authors concluded that there was limited evidence of efficacy, with the exception of modification of loudness in individuals with Parkinson's disease hypokinetic dysarthria, for which there was some evidence of effectiveness. The review methodology and results were poorly reported and the reliability of the conclusion cannot be determined.

108 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that a speech-controlled ECS is a viable alternative to switch-scanning systems for some people with severe dysarthria and would lead, in many cases, to more efficient control of the home.

95 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Converging evidence supports the likelihood of speech motor programming abnormalities in addition to speech execution deficits and a critical role of feedforward processing by the cerebellum has been established and linked to speech motor control and to aspects of ataxic dysarthria.
Abstract: Lesions to the cerebellum often give rise to ataxic dysarthria which is characterized by a primary disruption to articulation and prosody. Converging evidence supports the likelihood of speech motor programming abnormalities in addition to speech execution deficits. The understanding of ataxic dysarthria has been further refined by the development of neural network models and neuroimaging studies. A critical role of feedforward processing by the cerebellum has been established and linked to speech motor control and to aspects of ataxic dysarthria. Moreover, this research has helped to define models of the cerebellar contributions to speech processing and production, and to posit possible regions of speech localization within the cerebellum. Bilateral, superior areas of the cerebellum appear to mediate speech motor control while a putative role of the right cerebellar hemispheres in the planning and processing of speech has been suggested.

87 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that 98.8% of the children displayed motor speech deficits, which is much higher than commonly reported in the literature and recovery of speech appeared to be less favourable than previously ascertained.

85 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study examined differences among transcription intelligibility scores and listener confidence ratings for three different types of speech stimuli – single words, unrelated sentences, and sentences forming a narrative – all produced by speakers with dysarthria.
Abstract: This study examined differences among transcription intelligibility scores and listener confidence ratings for three different types of speech stimuli – single words, unrelated sentences, and sentence

76 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) conceptual framework was used to examine the impact of dysarthria on speech intelligibility.
Abstract: Regardless of the underlying neuromotor impairment, an almost universal consequence of dysarthria is a reduction in speech intelligibility. The purpose of this article is to examine critically and to discuss issues related directly to speech intelligibility in speakers with dysarthria. Reduced speech intelligibility resulting from dysarthria is examined using the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) conceptual framework. We propose that the ICF conceptual framework facilitates an awareness of the multidimensional nature of disablement. Furthermore, the ICF facilitates a broad understanding of the complex nature of dysarthria, ranging from the neuroanatomical and physiological substrates contributing to reduced speech intelligibility, to the effects of this type of communication disorder on an individual's functioning in society and beyond. Finally, a case example is presented that describes how the ICF can be applied to an individual with dysarthria and reduced speech intelligibility.

75 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that thoracic mobility is decreased in PD, and that pharmacological treatment results in improvement, but not in normalization, and it remains unclear to what extent dyskinesias negatively influence respiratory control.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings suggest that clinicians should consider both auditory-visual and auditory-only intelligibility measures in speakers with Parkinson's disease to determine the most effective strategies aimed at evaluation and treatment of speech intelligibility decrements.
Abstract: Purpose To examine the influence of visual information on speech intelligibility for a group of speakers with dysarthria associated with Parkinson’s disease. Method Eight speakers with Parkinson’s ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: AOS can occur in MND, typically also with dysarthria, but not invariably with aphasia or other cognitive deficits, and MND should be a diagnostic consideration when AOS is a prominent sign of degenerative disease.
Abstract: Purpose To document and describe in detail the occurrence of apraxia of speech (AOS) in a group of individuals with a diagnosis of motor neuron disease (MND). Method Seven individuals with MND and ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A significant improvement of variability in pitch and loudness was demonstrated after medication intake and comprehensibility improved following medication administration in patients with advanced PD.
Abstract: The prosodic aspects of hypokinetic dysarthria in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been the focus of numerous reports. Few data on the effects of levodopa on prosody, more specifically on the effects on the variability of prosodic characteristics such as pitch, loudness and speech rate, are available in advanced PD. The relation between these characteristics and comprehensibility is currently unknown. These topics are the focus of the present report. Ten patients with advanced PD were evaluated, with and without medication, by four speech-language pathologists during a reading task. A significant improvement of variability in pitch and loudness was demonstrated after medication intake. Comprehensibility improved following medication administration. Results are compared with previous studies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: How childhood cerebellar tumors affect long-term neuromotor speech outcomes is studied, including the relation between outcome and tumor type, radiation, age at diagnosis, and survival years.
Abstract: The cerebellum is important for the coordination of fluent speech. The authors studied how childhood cerebellar tumors affect long-term neuromotor speech outcomes, including the relation between outcome and tumor type, radiation, age at diagnosis, and survival years. Videotaped speech samples of child and adult long-term survivors of childhood cerebellar astrocytoma (nonradiated) and medulloblastoma (radiated) tumors and healthy controls were analyzed by 2 speech pathologists for ataxic dysarthria, dysfluency, and speech rate. Ataxia varied with tumor type/radiation. Medulloblastoma survivors had significantly more ataxic dysarthric features than either survivors of astrocytomas or controls, who did not differ from each other. Dysfluency varied with a history of a posterior fossa tumor. Medulloblastoma and astrocytoma survivors were each significantly more dysfluent than controls but did not differ from each other. Speech rate varied with age and tumor type. Adult controls were significantly faster than child controls, although adult tumor survivors were comparable to their child counterparts. Adult controls had significantly faster speech rates than adult survivors of medulloblastoma tumors. Ataxic dysarthric speech characteristics are more frequent in radiated survivors of medulloblastoma tumors than nonradiated survivors of astrocytoma tumors. Dysfluent and slow speech occur in cerebellar tumor survivors, regardless of tumor type and radiation history. Cerebellar tumors in childhood limit speech rate in adulthood.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Speech samples from 21 subjects with spinocerebellar ataxia, and 21 matched control subjects were analyzed using perceptual and acoustic methodology, revealing significantly reduced speech rate during text reading, reduced alternating and sequential motion rates, and significantly higher vocal instability for subjects with SCA compared to control subjects.
Abstract: With current progress in genetic research, autosomal, dominant, hereditary, neurodegenerative diseases, affecting the cerebellum and cerebellar connections, are increasingly diagnosed as spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA). In the present study speech samples from 21 subjects with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), and 21 matched control subjects were analyzed using perceptual and acoustic methodology. Dysarthria assessment showed that subjects had mild or mild-moderate dysarthria. Perceptual analysis indicated that equalized stress, imprecise consonants, vocal instability, monotony and reduced speech rate were the speech parameters that yielded the highest mean perceptual ratings. A factor analysis of perceptual speech parameters revealed two main factors: Factor 1 was associated with articulatory timing and Factor 2 with vocal quality. Acoustic analysis revealed significantly reduced speech rate during text reading, reduced alternating and sequential motion rates (AMR/SMR), significantly longer and more variable syllable and pause durations, and significantly higher vocal instability for subjects with SCA compared to control subjects.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A systematic review identifying and describing techniques for the treatment of stable dysarthria which have been the subject of published research was performed by performing a systematic review of literature published from 1966 to March 2006.
Abstract: The objective of this review is to make treatment techniques published in the literature more easily accessible to clinicians in the field of stable dysarthria. This was achieved by performing a sy...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that some individuals with dysarthria have a capacity to respond positively to intervention, some months after stroke, and to maintain this improvement following 2 months of no intervention.
Abstract: Background: Dysarthria is a common post‐stroke presentation. Its management falls within the remit of the speech and language therapy profession. Little controlled evaluation of the effects of intervention for dysarthria in stroke has been reported.Aims: The study aimed to determine the effects of a period of behavioural communication intervention on communication effectiveness and intelligibility, and of the speech disorder's impact on the person with dysarthria.Methods & Procedures: Eight people with dysarthria following stroke received individually tailored intervention programmes of 16 sessions during an 8‐week period. Conversation, and reading aloud of connected speech and of single words were sampled at four points, at intervals of around 2 months: two before intervention and two after intervention. The data were perceptually evaluated by ten listeners, blind to assessment point, for the overall effectiveness of communication (conversation) and for single‐word and reading intelligibility. The impact...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Friedreich's ataxia dysarthria has a distinctive phonetic profile and contains subgroups of different severity, which should be considered when developing targets for therapy intervention.
Abstract: Background: Friedreich's ataxia is one of the most common hereditary disorders of the nervous system. Dysarthria is a pervasive symptom of Friedreich's ataxia, yet the clinical presentation of speech symptoms remains poorly understood, leaving clinicians without the evidence required to develop therapy interventions.Aims: The research reported herein had three aims: the first was to document the severity of the intelligibility deficit associated with Friedreich's ataxia dysarthria; the second was to document the phonetic profile of the intelligibility deficit; and the third was to use the results of the phonetic profile to estimate the motor control mechanisms and neurological substrates implicated in Friedreich's ataxia dysarthria.Methods & Procedures: Eleven adult males with Friedreich's ataxia were recruited. Intelligibility was assessed using a single‐word multiple‐choice task completed by ten listeners.Outcomes & Results: Intelligibility severity ratings ranged from mild to severe. The majority of su...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although executive processes are necessary for initiating and monitoring all verbal fluency tasks, phonemic and action fluency may place a greater burden on strategic processes, given that they require a more unusual type of lexicon search.
Abstract: This study examined phonemic (letters), semantic (animals) and action verbal fluency cues in twenty-four patients with FRDA, and twenty matched healthy control subjects. The Action Fluency Test (AFT) is a newly-developed verbal fluency cue that consists in asking the subject to rapidly generate verbs. Given the high presence of dysarthria and cognitive slowness in FRDA patients, control tasks were administered in order to dissociate motor/articulatory impairment and cognitive slowness from verbal fluency deficit. Results showed that patients and control subjects performed similarly on the semantic fluency task. In contrast, patients performed significantly poorer on phonemic and action fluency tests. Correlational analyses showed that the deficits cannot be attributed to dysarthria or cognitive slowness. Although executive processes are necessary for initiating and monitoring all verbal fluency tasks, phonemic and action fluency may place a greater burden on strategic processes, given that they require a more unusual type of lexicon search. Thus, the deficits found occur in tasks that require greater executive/prefrontal control. This impairment might be the result of an affectation of cerebellum-prefrontal cortex connections, although the possibility of a primary prefrontal dysfunction remains to be investigated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Comparing the effects of both traditional and computer-based treatment for clients with longstanding, stable dysarthria with computerized speech therapy suggested that the findings suggest that the participants improved their speech with treatment.
Abstract: Background: In clinical practice, it is common for speech and language therapists to discontinue dysarthria treatment when a plateau in spontaneous recovery is reached. However, there is some evide...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cortical involvement was more frequent in patients with pure Dysarthria than those with dysarthria and additional neurological signs, while the frequency of pontine involvement was higher in patientsWith additional neurologicalSigns thanThose with pure dysarthia.
Abstract: Background and Purpose: Dysarthria characterized by slurring with imprecise articulation without evidence of aphasia is a frequent symptom in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia, a

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that the role of the cerebellum in verb generation may be less pronounced than previously suggested and findings need to be confirmed in a larger group of subjects with acute focal lesions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The purpose of this article is to review current research literature on selected degenerative dysarthrias including those associated with Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to provide a window into many issues critical to the field of communication disorders.
Abstract: Although diversity of symptoms and urgency of needs pose many challenges, management of the degenerative dysarthrias is a crucial aspect of clinical practice. The purpose of this article is to review current research literature on selected degenerative dysarthrias including those associated with Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These dysarthrias are prevalent yet represent distinct patterns of underlying neuropathology, symptoms, age of onset, and rate of progression. Literature searches including the period 1997-2006 yielded 148 different studies reporting data on communication issues related to dysarthria. By far the largest category of studies was that which provided a basic description of speech production including the neurophysiologic, acoustic, or perceptual properties of dysarthria. Other categories included management (assessment and treatment) and the psychosocial consequences of dysarthria. While the topic of management of degenerative dysarthria is a focused one, it provides a window into many issues critical to the field of communication disorders including fundamental properties of speech production, development of evidence-based treatment techniques, the staging of these techniques into an effective management sequence, and the psychosocial consequences of communication disorders along with techniques to maintain communicative participation in the face of degenerative conditions.

01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: An overview of a newly started EU-funded research project is presented and the design of the speech therapy structure to be used within the project is outlined, based on real-time audio-visual feedback of client's speech productions.
Abstract: This paper presents an overview of a newly started EU-funded research project and outlines the design of the speech therapy structure to be used within the project. The OLP (Ortho-Logo-Paedia) project aims at improving the quality of life of persons with articulatory impairments by applying a novel technological aid to speech therapy, by integrating this training with speech recognition technology and by making these facilities available over the Internet. The OLP project is an EU Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources project, coordinated by the Institute for Language and Speech Processing, Athens, Greece, with participation from France (Arches), Greece (Altec S.A. and Logos Centre for Speech-Voice Pathology), Spain (Universidad Politecnica de Madrid), Sweden (KTH), and the UK (Sheffield University and Barnsley District General Hospital). Introduction and overview This project proposes to apply a method to supplement (not replace) speech therapy for specific disorders at the articulation level based on an integrated computer-based system together with automatic speech recognition and distance learning. The key features of this proposal are: (a) therapy is based on real-time audio-visual feedback of client's speech productions, while therapy sessions are designed for each speech disorder separately and tailored specifically for each client; (b) speech production evaluation and interfacing to assistive technology is provided through automatic speech recognition based on statistical models of the data collected in the training/therapy phase; (c) web services provide remote collaboration and data collection for analysis and evaluation in diverse conditions. These features correspond to the major system components: 1. OPTACIA developed from the Optical Logo-Therapy OLT, (Hatzis, 1999; Hatzis & Green, 2001) will visualise vocal tract configurations and trajectories through a tailored acoustic-to-articulation kinematic mapping in 2D or 3D. A therapist will be able to design a map, or select a predefined one, to suit an individual client. OPTACIA will thus provide the client with real-time visual feedback about her/his speech: articulator configuration will correspond to map position and articulator movement will correspond to map trajectory. It will be possible to reuse data collected during therapy sessions to retrain the mapping. 2. GRIFOS will be a speaker-dependent, small-vocabulary, automatic speech recognition system. Training data will be gathered through OPTACIA sessions, supplementing existing databases of material from similar client cases. In early sessions, GRIFOS will serve to set appropriate thresholds in OPTACIA to control acceptability of a client’s speech productions and to analyse quantitatively these productions in syllable and word context during speech therapy. In later stages, it will primarily serve to evaluate client productions in continuous speech, with training material taken from OPTACIA sessions. For clients with severe articulation problems (e.g., dysarthria) unlikely to be fully resolved by therapy, GRIFOS will help stabilise production by providing feedback to increase production consistency rather than intelligibility per se. This will allow reliable interfacing to synthetic speech output and other assistive technology devices. Only speech synthesis (from already developed and available systems) will be used to test this functionality in the present project. 3. TELEMACHOS will apply distancelearning principles based on web database technology to provide the system’s remote tutoring and monitoring ability. Telemedicine technology will enable wide application of the system Speech, Music and Hearing 46 and remote data collection and evaluation. It will facilitate remote speech therapy sessions as well as diagnostic and remedial information sharing. An overview of OLP functionality is illustrated in Figure 1 for the on-site case.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Despite controversy over its nature and existence, specialist speech and language therapists show high levels of agreement on the diagnosis of apraxia of speech using their clinical judgement.
Abstract: Objective : To discover how reliably speech and language therapists could diagnose apraxia of speech using their clinical judgement, by measuring whether they were consistent (intra-rater reliability), and whether their diagnoses agreed (inter-rater reliability). Design : Video clips of people with communication difficulties following stroke were rated by four speech and language therapists who were given no definition of apraxia of speech, no training, and no opportunity for conferring. Settings : Videos were made of people following stroke in their homes. Ratings of the videos were carried out in the university lab under controlled conditions. Subjects : Forty-two people with communication difficulties such as aphasia, apraxia of speech and dysarthria took part, and four specialist speech and language therapists acted as raters. Main measure : Speech and language therapists' ratings of the presence and severity of apraxia of speech using videos. Results : Intra-rater reliability was high for diagnosing ...

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 2007
TL;DR: The acoustic analysis, associated to the auditory- perceptual assessments, is of assistance in the clinical diagnosis of dysarthrias.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: neurological dysphonias are normally associated to dysarthrias and play an important role when determining the correct diagnosis. The acoustic analysis of the voice is important for understanding the speech motor disorders present in dysarthric patients. AIM: to describe the acoustic and auditory-perceptual characteristics of the voice of the different types of dysarthria. METHOD: 42 patients with well defined neurological diagnosis of dysarthria, 21 male and 21 female, were evaluated according to auditory-perceptual parameters and acoustic measures. All patients had their voices recorded. Auditory-perceptual voice analysis included: type of voice, resonance (balanced, hypernasal or laryngeal-pharyngeal), loudness (adequate, reduced, increased), pitch (adequate, low, high), and voice onset (isochronic, abrupt or breathy). For the acoustic analysis the following programs were used: GRAM 5.1.7. for the analysis of vocal quality and spectrographic tracing; and Vox Metria to obtain the objective measures. RESULTS: data obtained in the auditory-perceptual analysis indicate that the most present vocal quality was the harsh and breathy voice, laryngeal-pharyngeal resonance and instability on vocal onset. In the acoustic analysis the following was observed: instability in the spectrogram, absence of the upper sub harmonics, presence of noise between the harmonics and reduced maximum phonatory time. Jitter, Shimmer and Glottal to Noise Excitation Ratio were altered in all dysarthrias. CONCLUSION: the acoustic analysis, associated to the auditory- perceptual assessments, is of assistance in the clinical diagnosis of dysarthrias.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The cases suggest the existence of a localized brain region specialized for articulation near face-M1, which displayed high intensity on diffusion weighted images, while the main portion of the corticobulbar fibers arising from the lower third of the motor cortex was preserved.
Abstract: No clinical data have yet been presented to show that a lesion localized to the primary motor area (M1) can cause severe transient impairment of articulation, although a motor representation for articulation has been suggested to exist within M1. Here we describe three cases of patients who developed severe dysarthria, temporarily mimicking speech arrest or aphemia, due to a localized brain lesion near the left face representation of the human primary motor cortex (face-M1). Speech was slow, effortful, lacking normal prosody, and more affected than expected from the degree of facial or tongue palsy. There was a mild deficit in tongue movements in the sagittal plane that impaired palatolingual contact and rapid tongue movements. The speech disturbance was limited to verbal output, without aphasia or orofacial apraxia. Overlay of magnetic resonance images revealed a localized cortical region near face-M1, which displayed high intensity on diffusion weighted images, while the main portion of the corticobulbar fibers arising from the lower third of the motor cortex was preserved. The cases suggest the existence of a localized brain region specialized for articulation near face-M1. Cortico-cortical fibers connecting face-M1 with the lower premotor areas including Broca's area may also be important for articulatory control.

Book
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: Motor Speech Disorders: History, Current Practice, Future Trends and Goals, and the Role of Speech Perception in Motor Speech Disorders Julie M. Liss and Gary Weismer.
Abstract: CHAPTER 1: The Shaping of a Field Gary Weismer CHAPTER 2: Motor Speech Disorders: History, Current Practice, Future Trends and Goals Joseph R. Duffy CHAPTER 3: Neural Perspectives on Motor Speech Disorders: Current Understanding Gary Weismer CHAPTER 4: Speech Breathing in Motor Speech Disorders Gary Weismer CHAPTER 5: Voice and Motor Speech Disorders: Technology, Data, Clinical Application Eugene H. Buder CHAPTER 6: Segmental Articulation in Motor Speech Disorders Kris Tjaden CHAPTER 7: The Role of Speech Perception in Motor Speech Disorders Julie M. Liss CHAPTER 8: Dysphagia in Patients with Motor Speech Disorders John C. Rosenbek and Harrison N. Jones CHAPTER 9: Interventions to Improve Intelligibility and Communicative Success for Speakers with Dysarthria Katherine C. Hustad and Gary Weismer INDEX

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results from the current study suggest that when conducting intelligibility research listening conditions should be standardised and that adult listeners of either gender and any age may be used to test intelligibility outcomes providing hearing acuity is taken into consideration.
Abstract: Little is known about the effects of listener characteristics or listening conditions on intelligibility scores. This study compared intelligibility scores of dysarthric speech achieved under a sta...