Topic
Dysarthria
About: Dysarthria is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2402 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56554 citations.
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TL;DR: This report describes two patients with closed head injuries and post-traumatic aphonia who regained their voices within one session of symptomatic voice therapy, arguing against laryngeal paralysis or apraxia of phonation as the underlying cause of the aphonia.
Abstract: This report describes two patients with closed head injuries and post-traumatic aphonia who regained their voices within one session of symptomatic voice therapy. Their abilities to cough and swallow were intact, and articulation was only mildly impaired. One patient had an ataxic dysarthria and the other had spastic (pseudobulbar) dysarthria. Neither patient had oral-verbal apraxia. The findings argue against laryngeal paralysis or apraxia of phonation as the underlying cause of the aphonia. Neuropsychologic assessment revealed mild generalised intellectual impairment and frontal lobe signs but no aphasia. We postulate that the aphonia may have been due to a frontal lobe-limbic system disturbance, which affected these patients’ motivation, personality, and judgment. Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of post-traumatic aphonia are discussed.
24 citations
TL;DR: To examine the frequency, characteristics, and factors associated with speech delay and disorder in a community sample of children with cerebral palsy, a large number of children were diagnosed with CP.
Abstract: Aim
To examine the frequency, characteristics, and factors associated with speech delay and disorder in a community sample of children with cerebral palsy (CP)
Method
Participants were 84 children (37 females, 47 males; aged between 4y 11mo–6y 6mo) with CP identified through a population-based registry Speech and oromotor function were systematically evaluated to provide a differential diagnosis of articulation, phonological, and motor speech disorders
Results
In total, 82% (69/84) of participants had delayed or disordered speech production, including minimally verbal presentations (n=20) Verbal participants (n=64) presented with dysarthria (78%), articulation delay or disorder (54%), phonological delay or disorder (43%), features of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) (17%), or mixed presentations across these conditions Speech intelligibility was poorest in those with dysarthria and features of CAS Speech delay or disorder in verbal participants was associated with language impairment (p=0002) and reduced health-related quality of life (p=004) (Fisher’s exact test) Poorer speech accuracy (ie lower percentage consonants correct) correlated with greater impairments in both language (p<0001) and oromotor function (p<0001) (Spearman’s test)
Interpretation
The speech profile of children with CP is characterized by impairment at multiple levels of speech production (phonetic, cognitive-linguistic, neuromuscular execution, and high-level planning/programming), highlighting the importance of a personalized differential diagnosis informing targeted treatment
24 citations
TL;DR: Inability to speak at 24 months indicates greater speech and language difficulty at 53 months and a strong need for early communication intervention.
Abstract: Objective: To determine whether communication at 2 years predicted communication at 4 years in children with cerebral palsy (CP); and whether the age a child first produces words imitatively predicts change in speech production Method: 30 children (15 males) with CP participated and were seen 5 times at 6-month intervals between 24 and 53 months (mean age at time 1 = 269 months (SD 19)) Variables were communication classification at 24 and 53 months, age that children were first able to produce words imitatively, single-word intelligibility, and longest utterance produced Results: Communication at 24 months was highly predictive of abilities at 53 months Speaking earlier led to faster gains in intelligibility and length of utterance and better outcomes at 53 months than speaking later Conclusion: Inability to speak at 24 months indicates greater speech and language difficulty at 53 months and a strong need for early communication intervention
24 citations
TL;DR: Reference values of four maximum performance tests are presented for comparing the performance of dysarthric patients with non-pathological performance, with age identified as most important factor influencing maximum speech performance.
Abstract: Purpose: Maximum performance tests examine upper limits of speech motor performance, as used by speech-language pathologists in dysarthria assessment protocols. The Radboud Dysarthria Assessment includes maximum repetition rate, maximum phonation time, fundamental frequency range and maximum phonation volume to assist in detecting pathological performance. This study aims to obtain reference values for each of these tests.Method: A group of 224 healthy Dutch adults aged 18–80 years performed the maximum performance tests. Age, sex, body height, smoking habit, and profession were registered. Using multivariable linear regression, a wide range of models was tested to examine the relationship between these person characteristics and speech performance. The likelihood ratio was used to test the goodness of fit to the data.Result: Above 60 years of age, maximum repetition rate, fundamental frequency range and maximum phonation volume were all negatively affected by age. Below 60 years, only women showe...
24 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Electropalatography was used to assess the spatial characteristics of the tongue-to-palate contacts exhibited by three males with dysarthria following severe TBI and revealed that for the majority of consonants, the patterns and locations of contact exhibited by the TBI subjects were consistent with the contacts generated by the group of control subjects.
Abstract: Consonant imprecision has been reported to be a common feature of the dysarthric speech disturbances exhibited by individuals who have sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Inaccurate tongue placements against the hard palate during consonant articulation may be one factor underlying the imprecision. To investigate this hypothesis, electropalatography (EPG) was used to assess the spatial characteristics of the tongue-to-palate contacts exhibited by three males (aged 23-29 years) with dysarthria following severe TBI. Five nonneurologically impaired adults served as control subjects. Twelve single-syllable words of CV or CVC construction (where initial C = /t, d, S, z, k, g/, V=/i, a/) were read aloud three times by each subject while wearing an EPG palate. Spatial characteristics were analyzed in terms of the location, pattern, and amount of tongue-to-palate contact at the frame of maximum contact during production of each consonant. The results revealed that for the majority of consonants, the patterns and locations of contacts exhibited by the TBI subjects were consistent with the contacts generated by the group of control subjects. One notable exception was one subject's production of the alveolar fricatives in which complete closure across the palate was demonstrated, rather than the characteristic groove configuration. Major discrepancies were also noted in relation to the amount of tongue-to-palate contact exhibited, with two TBI subjects consistently demonstrating increased contacts compared to the control subjects. The implications of these findings for the development of treatment programs for dysarthric speech disorders subsequent to TBI are highlighted.
24 citations