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Dysarthria

About: Dysarthria is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2402 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56554 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The topography of the clinical deficits observed in cerebellar patients and the growing evidence of a regional subdivision into motor, sensory, sensorimotor, cognitive and affective domains are summarized.
Abstract: The cerebellum is a key-piece for information processing and is involved in numerous motor and nonmotor activities, thanks to the anatomical characteristics of the circuitry, the enormous computational capabilities and the high connectivity to other brain areas. Despite its uniform cytoarchitecture, cerebellar circuitry is segregated into functional zones. This functional parcellation is driven by the connectivity and the anatomo-functional heterogeneity of the numerous extra-cerebellar structures linked to the cerebellum, principally brain cortices, precerebellar nuclei and spinal cord. Major insights into cerebellar functions have been gained with a detailed analysis of the cerebellar outputs, with the evidence that fundamental aspects of cerebrocerebellar operations are the closed-loop circuit and the predictions of future states. Cerebellar diseases result in disturbances of accuracy of movements and lack of coordination. The cerebellar syndrome includes combinations of oculomotor disturbances, dysarthria and other speech deficits, ataxia of limbs, ataxia of stance and gait, as well as often more subtle cognitive/behavioral impairments. Our understanding of the corresponding anatomo-functional maps for the human cerebellum is continuously improving. We summarize the topography of the clinical deficits observed in cerebellar patients and the growing evidence of a regional subdivision into motor, sensory, sensorimotor, cognitive and affective domains. The recently described topographic dichotomy motor versus nonmotor cerebellum based upon anatomical, functional and neuropsychological studies is also discussed.

140 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Online treatment for hypokinetic dysarthria associated with Parkinson's disease appears to be clinically valid and reliable and Suggestions for future research are outlined.
Abstract: Background: Telerehabilitation may be a feasible solution to the current problems faced by people with Parkinson's disease in accessing speech pathology services. Aim: To investigate the validity and reliability of online delivery of the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT®) for the speech and voice disorder associated with Parkinson's disease. Method & Procedures: Thirty-four participants with Parkinson's disease and mild-to-moderate hypokinetic dysarthria took part in the randomized controlled non-inferiority laboratory trial and received the LSVT® in either the online or the face-to-face environment. Online sessions were conducted via two personal computer-based videoconferencing systems with real-time and store-and-forward capabilities operating on a 128 kbit/s Internet connection. Participants were assessed pre- and post-treatment on acoustic measures of mean vocal sound pressure level, phonation time, maximum fundamental frequency range, and perceptual measures of voice, articulatory precision and speech intelligibility. Outcomes & Results: Non-inferiority of the online LSVT® modality was confirmed for the primary outcome measure of mean change in sound pressure level on a monologue task. Additionally, non-significant main effects for the LSVT® environment, dysarthria severity, and interaction effects were obtained for all outcomes measures. Significant improvements following the LSVT® were also noted on the majority of measures. The LSVT® was successfully delivered online, although some networking difficulties were encountered on a few occasions. High participant satisfaction was reported overall. Conclusions & Implications: Online treatment for hypokinetic dysarthria associated with Parkinson's disease appears to be clinically valid and reliable. Suggestions for future research are outlined.

136 citations

Book
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: This chapter discusses Speech Disorders, Stuttering, and how the Speech-Language Pathologist Copes with These Problems, as well as issues of Law and Ethics, which have changed since the publication of the ASHA Code of Ethics.
Abstract: 1. Introduction. History of the Disabled. How the Disabled Person Reacts. Current Attitudes toward Disability. A Brief Look at the Professions. 2. Basic Components of Speech and Language. The Speech Mechanism. Linguistic Elements. Speech Acoustics. 3. Development of Speech and Language. Prerequisites for Speech Development. Sociocultural Factors. Reflexive Utterances. Babbling. Inflected Vocal Play. The First Words. Syntax: Learning to Talk in Sentences. Phonological Development. Semantics: The Development of Meaning. Prosody and Pragmatics. A Note on Aging. 4. Speech Disorders. Definition. Articulation Disorders. Fluency Disorders. Voice Disorders. 5. Emotional Aspects of Communication Disorders. Components of the Emotional Fraction. How the Speech-Language Pathologist Copes with These Problems. 6. Developmental Language Disabilities. Nonverbal Children. Delayed or Deviant Language. Acquired Language Disorders in Children. Deterrents to Language Acquisition. Diagnosing the Language Problem. Language Therapy. 7. Articulation and Phonology. Dialect Differences. Causes of Articulation Disorders. Analyzing Misarticulations. Correcting Misarticulations. 8. Fluency Disorders. What is Stuttering? Prevalence. The Onset of Stuttering. Development of the Disorder. The Etiology of Stuttering. Stuttering as a Self-Reinforcing Disorder. The Treatment of Stuttering. Cluttering. 9. Voice Disorders. Classification Systems. Organically Based Disorders. Medical and Surgical Management. Functional Voice Disorders. Basics of Voice Evaluation. General Principles of Therapy. Laryngectomy. Alaryngeal Speech. 10. Cleft Palate. Types of Clefts. Causes of Clefts. The Impact of Clefts. The Oral Cleft Team. Surgical Management. Prostheses. Speech Impairments. Assessment Procedures. Therapy Principles and Procedures. 11. Aphasia and Related Disorders. Overview. Causes of Aphasia. Differential Diagnosis. Assessment of Communicative Disability. Approaches to Therapy. Prognostic Factors. Dementias. 12. Neuropathologies of Speech. Dysarthria. Apraxia. Dysprosody. Cerebral Palsy. Traumatic Brain Injury. Therapy Considerations. Alternative and Augmentative Communication. 13. Hearing and Hearing Impairment. The Hearing Mechanism. Prevalence of Hearing Loss. Determination of Hearing Acuity. Types of Hearing Loss. Causes of Hearing Impairment. Deafness. Amplification. Cochlear Prostheses. 14. The Professions. Historical Overview. Career Options Service Delivery Models. Specialization. Support Personnel. Professional Organizations. Standards Programs. Issues of Law and Ethics. Future Trends. Appendix ASHA Code of Ethics. Appendix AAA Code of Ethics. Appendix Scope of Practice: Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology. Appendix Related Professional Organizations. Glossary.

136 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings suggest that transcription intelligibility scores do not accurately reflect listener comprehension scores, suggesting that measures of both intelligibility and listener comprehension may provide a more complete description of the information-bearing capability of dysarthric speech than either measure alone.
Abstract: Purpose This study examined the relationship between listener comprehension and intelligibility scores for speakers with mild, moderate, severe, and profound dysarthria. Relationships were examined...

135 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the profile of cognitive impairment in ALS patients was clarified by meta-analysis of published studies and the effect of demographic and clinical variables (age, disease duration, site of onset) on cognition was assessed in a moderator analysis.
Abstract: We aimed to clarify the profile of cognitive impairment in ALS, by meta-analysis of published studies. Criteria for inclusion were: ALS diagnosed according to El Escorial criteria; control group matched for age and education; correction for bias due to motor impairment or dysarthria; no dementia in patients and controls. Effect sizes reflecting a difference in neuropsychological performance between ALS patients and controls were calculated for 12 cognitive domains. The effect of demographic and clinical variables (age, disease duration, site of onset) on cognition was assessed in a moderator analysis. Of 48 eligible articles, 16 studies encompassing 554 ALS patients were included. Significant effect sizes were found for the Mini Mental State Examination (d=0.8), immediate verbal memory (d=0.5), visual memory (d=0.4), fluency (d=0.5), psychomotor speed (d=0.7), language (d=0.5) and executive functioning (d=0.3). The results of the latter three domains are less reliable due to the possibility of publication bias. Psychomotor speed, and to a lesser extent fluency, may have been influenced by motor impairment, despite attempts to correct for motor slowness. In conclusion, the diversity of cognitive problems in ALS seems greater than was previously thought. ALS patients may suffer from cognitive impairment in multiple domains, including memory dysfunction.

131 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023229
2022415
2021164
2020138
2019125
201888