Topic
Dysarthria
About: Dysarthria is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2402 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56554 citations.
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TL;DR: If there is a frequent acoustic sign of Speech Motor Delay, lengthened mid-vowels and diphthongs was the one sign that met criteria and is interpreted to support the potential of this acoustic sign, and possibly several others associated with temporal dimensions of speech sound development, to inform explication of the neuromotor substrates of SMD.
Abstract: Recent studies report prevalence, phenotype, and persistence findings for a paediatric motor speech disorder in addition to childhood dysarthria and childhood apraxia of speech termed Speech Motor ...
7 citations
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TL;DR: This chapter provides a glimpse into the complexity and depth of the motor speech evaluation and its implications for functional communication in adults with dysarthria.
Abstract: The presentation of voice and laryngeal functions provides important clues for the diagnosis of a wide variety of speech disorders, but voice is just one component of the speech production system. When a person talks, the overall message is formulated and conveyed by complex integration of movements by the respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and articulatory subsystems, as well as its prosodic components. This chapter focuses on the evaluation of speech for adults with dysarthria. The speech-language pathologist conducts a thorough, systematic examination of the speech production mechanism including observations at rest and during functional and maximal performance tasks. Auditory perceptual evaluation of speech is rated according to multiple parameters loosely arranged by subsystem. Clusters of speech characteristics, corroborated by results from the physical/functional examination, lead to the differential diagnosis among seven categories of dysarthria. Careful differential diagnosis can support the neurological workup of the patient and can lead to appropriate management plans. In addition to overall severity of the speech impairment, intelligibility is often considered a global rating of speech effectiveness. However, intelligibility is usually better than the overall impression of speech impairment and can grossly underestimate the patient’s disability and difficulties with participation in life’s activities. This chapter provides a glimpse into the complexity and depth of the motor speech evaluation and its implications for functional communication in adults with dysarthria. Each section discusses the rationale and interpretation of assessment procedures, current controversies, and recent innovations.
7 citations
TL;DR: The evaluation and treatment of a 40 year old man with a diagnosis of Munchausen syndrome with accompanying dysarthria is described and the speech pathologist may serve an important role in the management of such cases.
Abstract: The evaluation and treatment of a 40 year old man with a diagnosis of Munchausen syndrome with accompanying dysarthria is described. the patient responded to symptomatic behavioural therapy similar to that for other functional speech and voice disorders. the speech pathologist may serve an important role in the management of such cases.
7 citations
TL;DR: An animal model of DBS‐exacerbated dysarthria is proposed to help researchers examine how DBS alleviates many motor symptoms of PD while exacerbating parkinsonian speech deficits that can greatly diminish patient quality of life.
Abstract: Motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) follow the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) treats some parkinsonian symptoms, such as tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia, but may worsen certain medial motor symptoms, including hypokinetic dysarthria. The mechanisms by which DBS exacerbates dysarthria while improving other symptoms are unclear and difficult to study in human patients. This study proposes an animal model of DBS-exacerbated dysarthria. We use the unilateral, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of PD to test the hypothesis that DBS exacerbates quantifiable aspects of vocalization. Mating calls were recorded from sexually experienced male rats under healthy and parkinsonian conditions and during DBS of the subthalamic nucleus. Relative to healthy rats, parkinsonian animals made fewer calls with shorter and less complex vocalizations. In the parkinsonian rats, putatively therapeutic DBS further reduced call frequency, duration, and complexity. The individual utterances of parkinsonian rats spanned a greater bandwidth than those of healthy rats, potentially reducing the effectiveness of the vocal signal. This utterance bandwidth was further increased by DBS. We propose that the parkinsonism-associated changes in call frequency, duration, complexity, and dynamic range combine to constitute a rat analog of parkinsonian dysarthria. Because DBS exacerbates the parkinsonism-associated changes in each of these metrics, the subthalamic stimulated 6-OHDA rat is a good model of DBS-induced hypokinetic dysarthria in PD. This model will help researchers examine how DBS alleviates many motor symptoms of PD while exacerbating parkinsonian speech deficits that can greatly diminish patient quality of life.
7 citations
30 Dec 2017
TL;DR: The main diagnostic signs of most frequent forms of aphasia and dysarthria are given and a plan for the rehabilitation program with the inclusion of a medication and non-pharmacological methods of correcting speech disorders after stroke is offered.
Abstract: The article is dedicated to the diagnosis, classification, and rehabilitation of various forms of speech disorders in poststroke patients. It is considered the most common types of expressive and impressive speech disorders. The main diagnostic signs of most frequent forms of aphasia and dysarthria are given. A plan for the rehabilitation program with the inclusion of a medication (Ceraxon®) and non-pharmacological methods of correcting speech disorders after stroke is offered.
7 citations