Dysarthria

About: Dysarthria is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2402 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56554 citations.

Consonant‐vowel (CV) and vowel‐consonant (VC) transitions in the speech of persons with dysarthria and healthy controls

Abstract: Previous work has shown that speakers with dysarthria have shallower‐than‐normal slopes for second formant transitions in diphthongs and semivowels. Little is known, however, about transition characteristics in dysarthria for CV and VC transitions. In the present work, stop‐vowel, fricative‐vowel, and nasal‐vowel formant transitions (and VC counterparts) were measured from words in a reading passage produced by 25 controls, 22 patients with Parkinson disease, and 15 patients with ALS. Measures were made over a 50‐ms interval extending from the first glottal pulse of the vowel (in CV syllables) or back from the final glottal pulse in VC syllables. Transition extents over this interval were measured and slopes derived. Distributional analyses suggest that slope differences between control speakers and speakers with dysarthria are subtle, but show a slight tendency for greater absolute values for the control speakers. This is consistent in kind with work on diphthongs and semivowels, but the subtlety of the effect is quite different. The apparent greater resistance of the CV and VC transitions to the effects of dysarthria, compared to effects on other kinds of transitional events, is discussed within the framework of contemporary speech production theory. [Work supported by NIH Award DC 03723.]

Teaching NeuroImages: Adolescent Wallenberg syndrome with overlooked signs: Ipsipulsion and ipsilateral facial palsy.

Abstract: A 14-year-old boy presented with vomiting, slurred speech, and leaning rightward. Examination showed dysarthria, right-sided miosis, ptosis, and gaze preference, decreased sensation over the right V2/V3 region and left shin, right lower facial palsy, rightward tongue deviation, and right-sided dysmetria. Neuroimaging revealed brainstem stroke with vertebral artery dissection (figures 1 and 2). The patient's gaze preference exemplifies ipsipulsion, an often forgotten sign of lateral medullary syndrome resulting from damage to contralateral olivocerebellar pathways that decussate in the medulla.1 His ipsilateral facial weakness is due to facial nerve fibers that loop caudally into the medulla and exit at the pontomedullary junction.2

Соматические дисфункции у детей с задержкой речи

Abstract: Goal of research - the study aims to examine the osteopathic profi le of children with dysarthria and to develop recommendations for osteopathic correction of somatic dysfunctions in 2-3 year old children presenting this pathology.Materials and methods. 30 2-3 year old children with the symptoms of dysarthria took part in the research. All the children were divided into 2 groups: the control group of 15 children received standard treatment, and the experimental group of 15 children received both standard and osteopathic treatment. The dysarthria severity and the osteopathic profi le were evaluated with account of the number of somatic dysfunctions at global, regional, and local levels.Results. The osteopathic correction was shown to have a positive effect on dysarthria severity. The study established a correlation between the dysarthria severity in children and the number of somatic dysfunctions at the local level.Conclusion. The study suggests using osteopathic correction of somatic dysfunctions in the complex therapy of dysarthria in children.

Assessment of dysarthria

Abstract: Dysarthria has bean defined as a speech disorder resulting from impairment of the neural mechanisms that regulate the movements of speech. Dysarthria in children may ranges in severity from complete anarthria, or lack of speech to a disorder so mild that it may readily be confused with a resolving developmental articulation disorder. Developmental forms of dysarthria in children may show amelioration with age least up to adolescence, or in the case of children with closed head trauma, over a period of at least 2 years postinsult. In the case of degenerative disorders, it may increase in severity with age. "Childhood dysarthria" can be congenital or acquired. It is often a symptom of a disease, such as cerebral palsy. Many children with cerebral palsy and multiple sclerosis have dysarthria. Because dysarthria is the result of disturbances in muscular control of the speech mechanism assessing the structure and function of the speech production system should be the foundation of evaluation procedures for persons with dysarthria. Dysarthria in children, as in adults, is a sensorimotor problem. Oral tactile and oral stereognostic abilities both appeared to be implicated. Children with developmental articulation disorders don't show oral tactile or oral stereognostic deficits. Abnormal speech patterns found in dysarthric children are associated with the persistence of primitive oral reflexes or with interference from overflow movements or dyskinesic movement patterns affecting the with cerebral palsied children. Voice and resonance characteristics may also be affected in dysarthric children/persons. Voice problems in cerebral palsied and the head injured child may include weak breathy voice, hoarse voice, and difficulty in initiating and or sustaining phonation. Associated problems are abnormalities of rhythm and intonation of speech. The perceptual, physiologic, and acoustic approaches to the evaluation and treatment of dysarthria are complementary. The integration of these approaches in the planning an execution of intervention will maximize the likelihood of improving the functional communication of the person with dysarthria. Perceptual Assessments: Perceptual rating of deviant speech dimensions, Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech, Frechay Dysarthria Assessment. Physiological Assessment: Spirometric and kinematics assessment of velopharyngeal function, pressure and strain gauge transducer evaluations of articulatory function, video analysis of lip movement. The first in assessment of dysarthria in children in to determine the extent and nature of the speech impairment. The acoustic signal reflected aspects of the underliving speech impairment associated with the dysarthria type. Acoustic measurements are useful in analyzing vocalizations at a prespeech level. They will confirm the presence of immaturities of control of phonation such as pitch breaks or subharmonic breaks and will provide measures of these phenomena and determine whether the child is capable of such skills as controlling pitch and intensity independently of one another. A basic oralmotor evaluation consists of a series of tasks that test the structural and functional integrity of the lips, tongue, jaw, and velopharynx. Phonetic Intelligibility Test to examine the relationship between perceptual and acoustic evidence of dysarthria. Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment is combines features of the oralmotor evaluation and intelligibility ratings.