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Showing papers on "East Asia published in 1987"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The objectives of the analysis are to define the nature of Mongoloid dental variation, use it to measure Asian intergroup relationships, and develop in greater detail and with larger samples a dental anthropological model of the late Pleistocene and Holocene population history of eastern Asia.
Abstract: The purpose of this communication is to provide a summary description and analysis of 28 dental traits studied in a number of skeletal samples that originated in eastern Asia. The objectives of the analysis are to define the nature of Mongoloid dental variation, use it to measure Asian intergroup relationships, and develop in greater detail and with larger samples a dental anthropological model of the late Pleistocene and Holocene population history of eastern Asia.

356 citations


Book
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: The history of Japanese imperialism can be traced to the Treaty Port System of Korea (TPS), 1894-1895 The war with Russia, 1895-1905 Formal and informal empire in North-east Asia, 1905-1910 Chinese revolution and world war Overseas trade and investment, 1995-1930 Japan's territorial dependencies and the making of Manchuko as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: List of maps List of tables Note on personal names, place-names, transliteration, and abbreviations Introduction: explanations of imperialism The treaty port system and Japan Modernization and imperialism Intervention in Korea, 1894-1895 The peace settlement with China, 1894-1896 New imperialism and the war with Russia, 1895-1905 Formal and informal empire in North-east Asia, 1905-1910 Chinese revolution and world war Overseas trade and investment, 1895-1930 Japan's territorial dependencies, 1895-1930 The treaty port system in jeopardy, 1918-1931 The making of Manchuko, 1931-1932 Japan's new order in north-east Asia Advance to the south The greater east Asia co-prosperity sphere Conclusion: the nature of Japanese imperialism Bibliography Index

162 citations


Book
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: In this paper, a narrative history of the Tibetan Empire in Central Asia from about A.D. 600 to 866 depicts the struggles of the great Tibetan, Turkic, Arab, and Chinese powers for dominance over the Silk Road lands that connected Europe and East Asia.
Abstract: This narrative history of the Tibetan Empire in Central Asia from about A.D. 600 to 866 depicts the struggles of the great Tibetan, Turkic, Arab, and Chinese powers for dominance over the Silk Road lands that connected Europe and East Asia. It shows the importance of overland contacts between East and West in the Early Middle Ages and elucidates Tibet's role in the conflict over Central Asia.

99 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed analysis of 160 specimens reveals two stable components of magnetization, a postfolding, low-temperature (LT) component with normal polarity and a stable, high temperature component with both normal and reversed polarities, and the prefolding magnetization indicates that South Korea stood at a latitude nearly identical to its present-day latitude in the Lower Cretaceous.
Abstract: Lower Cretaceous continental sediments and volcanic rocks have been sampled in the Gyeongsang basin (South Korea). A detailed analysis of 160 specimens reveals two stable components of magnetization, a postfolding, low-temperature (LT) component with normal polarity and a stable, high-temperature (HT) component with both normal and reversed polarities. The blocking temperature of the HT component ranges from 540°C up to the Neel temperature of hematite. This component predates the folding of the series and yields a pole at λ = 68°N, Φ = 205°E, A95 = 6°. The prefolding magnetization indicates that South Korea stood at a latitude nearly identical to its present-day latitude in the Lower Cretaceous. Comparison of Korean data with (revised) paleomagnetic data from North and South China and Japan shows that all these blocks of Eastern Asia occupied the same positions in term of latitude and were probably parts of a single craton since at least the Lower Cretaceous. The paleomagnetic directions of the Sino-Korean block show large discrepancies with respect to the expected directions of the “stable” Eurasian (Siberian) block. An interpretation involving significant N-S motion (∼1000 km) between either North and South China or between North China and Siberia appears to contradict geological data. A preferred interpretation is that the Siberian data are in serious error and that the combined China/Korea Lower Cretaceous pole provides a valid estimate for the Eurasian plate as a whole.

87 citations


Book
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: The authors reviewed how South Asia is rising to the challenge of globalization and how South Asian countries maximize the benefits of globalization whilst minimizing its costs, and what lessons have these countries learned from the East Asian financial crisis? What actions have they taken at the national, regional and global level?
Abstract: This timely book reviews how South Asia is rising to the challenge of globalization. In particular, how are South Asian countries maximizing the benefits of globalization whilst minimizing its costs? What lessons have these countries learned from the East Asian financial crisis? What actions have they taken at the national, regional, and global level? Some important topics covered in this book include policy reforms and economic integration in South Asia, comparisons between South Asia (mainly India) and China, and economic linkages between South Asia and East Asia including the possibility of an integrated Pan-Asia similar to the European Union. Academics, researchers, students, policymakers and observers of South Asian, and more broadly Asian, economic development and integration will want to read this book.

71 citations


Book
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: The East Asian NICs in the global adjustment process are illustrated with a comparison of the NICs of Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan.
Abstract: Balance of payments targets and policies Hong Kong Korea Singapore Taiwan The East Asian NICs in the global adjustment process.

48 citations


Book
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: In this article, Hill Gates first provides a solid and informative introduction to Taiwan's history, showing how mainland China, Japan, the convulsions of twentieth-century wars, and the East Asian economic expansion interacted in forming Taiwanese urban life.
Abstract: Taiwan's working class has been shaped by Chinese tradition, by colonialism, and by rapid industrialization. This book defines that class, explores that history, and presents with sensitive honesty the life experiences of some of its women and men. Hill Gates first provides a solid and informative introduction to Taiwan's history, showing how mainland China, Japan, the convulsions of twentieth-century wars, and the East Asian economic expansion interacted in forming Taiwanese urban life. She introduces nine individuals from Taiwan's three major ethnic groups to tell the stories of their lives in their own words. The narrators include a fortuneteller, a woman laborer, and a retired air force mechanic. A former spirit medium and a janitor are among the others who speak.

44 citations




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A recent World Bank report has stated that the world population will grow continuously until reaching a total of 12 to 13 billion people by the middle of the 22nd century, and much of this growth will take place in developing countries.
Abstract: A recent World Bank report has stated that the world population will grow continuously until reaching a total of 12 to 13 billion people by the middle of the 22nd century. Much of this growth will take place in developing countries. Of the 80 million births forecast for 1984, 70 million were expected to be born in developing countries. These countries now comprise three fourths of the world's population. Due to the success of China's population policies, however, the growth rate in East Asia, which peaked at 2.2% in 1970–75, is now 1.1% and should drop below 1% after the year 2000. China's experience to hold population growth down is most valuable to the world, especially to the developing countries.

22 citations





Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the wave of enthusiasm for "learning from Japan" sweeping both sides of the Pacific, Malaysia appears to be the keenest of students as mentioned in this paper, and the prime minister, Datuk Seri Mahathir bin Mohamad, urges Malaysians to look to both Japan and South Korea "for inspiration, methods, and skills" and "to emulate and learn their work ethics and attitudes" in order to further the country's economic progress.
Abstract: In the wave of enthusiasm for "learning from Japan" sweeping both sides of the Pacific, Malaysia appears to be the keenest of students. The prime minister, Datuk Seri Mahathir bin Mohamad, urges Malaysians to look to both Japan and South Korea "for inspiration, methods, and skills" and "to emulate and learn . . . [their] work ethics and attitudes" in order to further the country's economic progress.1 On assuming office in 1981, he defined such an effort as crucial to national development, and he has consistently promoted it, with much fanfare through 1984 and in more subdued fashion since, under what he calls the Look East Policy (LEP).2 Mahathir aims to stimulate value and behavior change by bringing Malaysians into close association with Japanese and Koreans in educational institutions, in the training programs of large companies, and on the job in factories and businesses in Japan and South Korea, as well as in those countries' enterprises and construction projects in Malaysia. He emphasizes that "it is not just skills we are after, but more

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a limited attempt to incorporate China's experience during the first half of this century into larger discussions of how market exposure occasioned by foreign contact affects the position of women and other social groups in developing societies was made.
Abstract: Among some scholars studying developing societies, there is great concern about the effects of increasing foreign contact, both on the economy in general and on the position of women in particular. Much of this literature, particularly concerning women, has dealt with West African societies and Latin America. There has been less emphasis on change in East Asia. This paper is a limited attempt to incorporate China's experience during the first half of this century into larger discussions of how market exposure occasioned by foreign contact affects the position of women and other social groups in developing societies. The data for this exercise involve a reanalysis of farm surveys collected by students and faculty at Nanking (Jinling) University around 1930.1

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The contemporary study of Chinese painting history varies considerably according to cultural locus, be it mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, or the West, making broad generalization about the state of the field quite difficult as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The contemporary study of Chinese painting history varies considerably according to cultural locus, be it mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, or the West, making broad generalization about the state of the field quite difficult. Where the intellectual and social context of traditional East Asian culture remains most intact, the study of painting has perpetuated the concerns and modes of the thousandplus years of traditional historiography, yet this has become increasingly rare. In the People's Republic, innovation has come largely through Marxist influence, bringing a focus on social aspects of the art, but no systematic Marxist analysis has ever emerged and the influence of ideology is now noticeably on the wane. In the West, where most of those who study Chinese painting cannot themselves paint, do more than dabble in calligraphy, or lay claim to being part of the Chinese cultural elite, and where an understanding of the Chinese context cannot be taken for granted, the need for cross-cultural explanation has generated studies unique in character, blending sinology with Eurocentric art-historical questions and methods. This Western approach, with its skeptical analysis and egalitarian perspective, has provided new techniques of stylistic analysis for reevaluating the traditional dates and attributions of paintings and yielded a new, more objective basis for examining the theory, content, and sociocultural basis of Chinese painting.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1987
TL;DR: In the first peak period of the Chartist Movement (1838-1842) the British government waged the First Opium War against China as discussed by the authors, where the British army was used to force the Chinese imperial government to import opium and also to give up Chinese protective tariffs, thus opening up the Chinese market for British manufactured goods.
Abstract: During the first peak period of the Chartist Movement (1838-1842) the British government waged the First Opium War against China. The immediate cause of this war was the British government's decision to protect its merchants' lucrative but evil trade smuggling Indian opium into China. The British army was used to force the Chinese imperial government to import opium and also to give up Chinese protective tariffs, thus opening up the Chinese market for British manufactured goods., The rights and wrongs of this aggressive war in East Asia were widely discussed in the columns of European and British middle-class papers at that time. Many pamphlets were written and circulated on this controversial issue2 and it is not surprising that the main newspapers of the Chartist Movement should have joined in the debate.3 As far as the poor communications between the two continents permitted, the Chartist papers first carried factual articles at regular intervals about the crisis. Between 1839-1842 they described the landing of British troops at various points along the Chinese coast, reported the British occupation of Kwangchow, Chusan, Xiamen and Ningpo, and related how the British advance was marked, at each step, by robbery and slaughter of Chinese civilians. Then there were editorials in the Chartist press which scrutinized the causes and effects of this conflict on both societies. Finally, the First Opium War became a topic of the letter sections of the papers, and stimulated leaders, such as Ernest Jones, to compose moving poems. Not having their own reporters in China, the Chartist press had to rely for their accounts of the war on information provided by official government


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In-company training (by job rotation) conducted on a massive scale and continuing late into the worker's career, which tends to produce generalists rather than specialists, has been shown to produce a generalist rather than a specialist as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: a. Group-oriented systems where the individual is indentured, body and soul, and therefore conditioned to be loyal to the group. b. Elaborate systems of decision-making by consensus which involve lower-level workers and give a particularly important role to middlemanagement. c. Life-time employment systems where employees are guaranteed a job until retirement. d. Comprehensive welfare programmes for all employees which incorporate housing, recreational facilities, holiday hotels, and so on. e. In-company training (by job rotation) conducted on a massive scale and continuing late into the worker's career, which tends to produce generalists rather than specialists. f. Seniority-based remuneration and promotion systems which give a high degree of respect to age and rank rather than ability.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of anticipated population trends and policies in the developing countries of Eastern and Southeastern Asia is presented and it is noted that countries with no commitment to support family planning are not likely to reach fertility levels in line with those on which U.N. population projections are based.
Abstract: The authors present an overview of anticipated population trends and policies in the developing countries of Eastern and Southeastern Asia. Attention is given to various population projections to the years 2000 and 2025 the sources of these projections and the assumptions on which they are based. The population policies of 14 countries in the region are then discussed. It is noted that those countries with no commitment to support family planning are not likely to reach fertility levels in line with those on which U.N. population projections are based. Changes in population policies in China Singapore Malaysia and the Philippines are summarized.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine Japan's recent Korea policy, with special emphasis on the analysis of Japanese-South Korean relations since the assassination of President Park in October 1979, and point out that the Japanese conservatives' perception of close security links between Japan and South Korea tends to strengthen Japan's existing policy for the preservation of the status quo on the peninsula in close cooperation with the United States and Korea.
Abstract: Because of geographic proximity and historical and cultural ties, Korea occupies an important position in the conduct of Japan's foreign relations. In the postwar period, the importance of the Korean peninsula to Japan's security has been accentuated by the continuing tension and confrontation between South and North Korea. In view of their uncompromising hostility toward each other and seemingly endless arms build-up along both sides of the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), Japan regards the peninsula as the most dangerous trouble spot in East Asia, one that could again erupt into a major conflict that might engulf the entire region. More than any other major power, Japan fears the renewal of such a conflict for Japan would be drawn into it, either directly or indirectly, because of the existing security arrangements with the United States that guarantee the security of both Japan and the Republic of Korea (ROK). In view of the two Koreas' existing ties with the superpowers, a Korean conflict could escalate into a major nuclear confrontation that would imperil Japan's own security. It is the purpose of this article to examine Japan's recent Korea policy, with special emphasis on the analysis of Japanese-South Korean relations since the assassination of President Park in October 1979. Its basic contention is that the Japanese conservatives' perception of close security links between Japan and South Korea tends to strengthen Japan's existing policy for the preservation of the status quo on the peninsula in close cooperation with the United States and South Korea.