East Asia

About: East Asia is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17591 publications have been published within this topic receiving 274073 citations. The topic is also known as: Eastern Asia.

Changing macro-structural varieties of East Asian capitalism

Abstract: The dominant institutions of economic governance vary considerably between countries in both Northeast and Southeast Asia, generating four nationally distinct varieties of political?economic organization in terms of varying state direction of the economy and degree of business co-ordination of economic activities: co-governed, state-led, networked and personalized. In the 1980s, Malaysia and Taiwan represented more the state-led variety of capitalist development, while Japan and Thailand shared many characteristics of the networked form. In the 1990s and 2000s, these four political economies began to change, but to different degrees and in different directions. In particular, Taiwan became more similar to the co-governed variety of capitalism, while the degree of business co-ordination declined significantly in Thailand so that its political economy became more personalized. These contrasting kinds of changes in the four economies can best be explained by shifts in the interest and power configurations of dominant coalitions.

On Pacific Economic Integration

Abstract: While the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations is stalled, regional integration has proliferated. The Uruguay Round is most likely to end with a smaller package of achievements than anticipated at Punta del Este in I986. Even if it is concluded, it is inevitable that the contracting parties will attempt to pursue their aims by means of alternative routes liberalisation efforts among like-minded countries in their neighbourhood. Regional integration efforts in the Pacific is no exception of this trend. However, its form and extent differs from that in Europe and North America. The word 'integration' is perhaps too strong in popular usage to describe its regionalism and may be better replaced by 'cooperation'. The aim of this paper is to analyse the current state of economic integration efforts in the Pacific region and to correct possible misunderstanding of its characteristics. Despite the absence of a formal framework, regional integration without a discriminatory impact on outsiders will help the region to achieve its high growth potential. The analysis will proceed as follows. Sections II and III give a statistical overview of the growth of the Pacific region in recent years, identifies East Asia as the core of the region's growth, and evaluates the mechanisms underlying East Asia's growth. That growth is trade-oriented and needs a free trade regime to sustain it. Section IV explains how there has been no region-wide integration framework, and several sub-regional groupings are characterised by informal arrangements with ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) being the exception. The limited achievements of the Uruguay Round has led this grouping to explore the possibility of further liberalisation (Section V). However, there seems to be a consensus in the region that it requires only a loose form of integration. The current region-wide framework the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) process will be analysed in this context in Section VI. The last Section will conclude with the likely agenda for the APEC.

Democracy in East Asia

Abstract: Over the next few decades East Asia is likely to be the most critical arena in the global struggle for democracy. A region of remarkable diversity that has achieved unparalleled economic growth, East Asia is viewed as a model by many developing countries in other parts of the world. Though some of its most successful countries are democratic, East Asia is also home to nondemocratic regimes that can claim enviable records of both political stability and economic growth. Some of these regimes have helped to launch a global debate about whether "Asian values" conducive to growth and stability may be incompatible with Western-style liberal democracy. This volume of essays by leading North American and Asian scholars provides a comprehensive look at key themes relating to democracy in East Asia today. The contributors explore the "Asian values" debate, East Asia's democratic experience, the effort to consolidate East Asia's new democracies, and prospects for democratic transitions among the region's remaining authoritarian regimes. Contributors: Frederick Z. Brown, Chai-Anan Samudavanija, Joseph Chan, Yun-han Chu, Gerald L. Curtis, Wm. Theodore de Bary, Larry Diamond, Francis Fukuyama, Makoto Iokibe, Bilahari Kausikan, Byung-Kook Kim, R. William Liddle, Gordon P. Means, Margaret Ng, Tatsumi Okabe, Parichart Chotiya, Minxin Pei, Marc F. Plattner, Robert Scalapino.

Marital Immigration and Graduated Citizenship: Post-Naturalization Restrictions on Mainland Chinese Spouses in Taiwan

Abstract: The late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries have witnessed dramatic transformations in migration and immigration patterns in East Asia, with many immigrant-sending nations becoming immigration destinations themselves. In Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong, this in-migration has largely taken the form of family reunification, with marital immigration as the main path to naturalized citizenship. Chinese spouses, primarily female, have constituted a major source of new immigrants to these countries, and although they pose different kinds of challenges in their new homes, only in Taiwan are they viewed overdy as a potential threat to national integrity and sovereignty because of the contested political relationship between China and Taiwan. This article examines how the Taiwan government regulates immigrants who are racially, ethnically and linguistically similar but who come tainted by persistent political conflicts across the Taiwan Strait. Through analyzing policies that create a second-class citizenship status for naturalized Chinese spouses, I show how concerns about a demographic and ideological invasion from Chinajustify restricting the rights granted to former Chinese citizens. These

Mid-Pliocene East Asian monsoon climate simulated in the PlioMIP

Abstract: . Based on simulations with 15 climate models in the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP), the regional climate of East Asia (focusing on China) during the mid-Pliocene is investigated in this study. Compared to the pre-industrial, the multi-model ensemble mean (MMM) of all models shows the East Asian summer winds (EASWs) largely strengthen in monsoon China, and the East Asian winter winds (EAWWs) strengthen in south monsoon China but slightly weaken in north monsoon China in the mid-Pliocene. The MMM of all models also illustrates a warmer and wetter mid-Pliocene climate in China. The simulated weakened mid-Pliocene EAWWs in north monsoon China and intensified EASWs in monsoon China agree well with geological reconstructions. However, there is a large model–model discrepancy in simulating mid-Pliocene EAWW, which should be further addressed in the future work of PlioMIP.