Topic
East Asia
About: East Asia is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17591 publications have been published within this topic receiving 274073 citations. The topic is also known as: Eastern Asia.
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TL;DR: The findings challenge the notion of relative evolutionary and demographic stability of Tertiary relict trees, and may serve as a guideline for assessing the impact of Neogene climate change on the evolution and distribution of East Asian temperate plants.
Abstract: East Asia's temperate deciduous forests served as sanctuary for Tertiary relict trees, but their ages and response to past climate change remain largely unknown. To address this issue, we elucidated the evolutionary and population demographic history of Cercdiphyllum, comprising species in China/Japan (Cercdiphyllum japonicum) and central Japan (Cercdiphyllum magnificum). Fifty-three populations were genotyped using chloroplast and ribosomal DNA sequences and microsatellite loci to assess molecular structure and diversity in relation to past (Last Glacial Maximum) and present distributions based on ecological niche modelling. Late Tertiary climate cooling was reflected in a relatively recent speciation event, dated at the Mio-/Pliocene boundary. During glacials, the warm-temperate C. japonicum experienced massive habitat losses in some areas (north-central China/north Japan) but increases in others (southwest/-east China, East China Sea landbridge, south Japan). In China, the Sichuan Basin and/or the middle-Yangtze were source areas of postglacial northward recolonization; in Japan, this may have been facilitated through introgressive hybridization with the cool-temperate C. magnificum. Our findings challenge the notion of relative evolutionary and demographic stability of Tertiary relict trees, and may serve as a guideline for assessing the impact of Neogene climate change on the evolution and distribution of East Asian temperate plants.
136 citations
Book•
19 Mar 2003
TL;DR: The main volume in a series of publications based on a study cosponsored by the government of Japan and the World Bank to examine the future sources of economic growth in East Asia is presented in this paper.
Abstract: This is the main volume in a series of publications based on a study cosponsored by the government of Japan and the World Bank to examine the future sources of economic growth in East Asia. The study was initiated in 2000 with the objective of identifying the most promising path to development in light of emerging global and regional changes, signaled by the crisis of 1997-98 and the challenges faced by the crisis-hit countries as they sought to resume rapid growth. This volume explores each issue and consequent policy choices in greater detail. The principal message is that sustained economic growth in East Asia will rest on retaining the strengths of the past -stability, openness, investment, human capital development- on overcoming the sources of current weakness in financial, corporate, judicial, and social sectors, and on implementing the changes required by the evolving economic environment. East Asia needs to sustain its hard-earned stability by recalibrating its fiscal and exchange rate policies. Strengthening social safety nets and governance, and invigorating financial, regulatory, and legal institutions. Yet these are only preconditions; future economic performance will depend on keying growth to productivity.
136 citations
TL;DR: The authors review China's success in controlling environmental degradation through leadership, environmental policies, and institutional capacity and suggest that environmental progress is best achieved indirectly by poverty alleviation, market integration, and population control.
136 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the gravity equation model to analyze trade flows between East Asian industrializing countries and some developed countries in order to show the surprising trade performance of East Asian countries in the last 30 years.
136 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted a regional study on corporate governance and finance in selected developing member countries, namely, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand, to understand the corporate governance issues and their impact, as well as identify needs for interventions in addressing policy and institutional weaknesses.
Abstract: Corporate governance has become a major policy concern in the wake of the Asian financial crisis. Weak governance structure, poor investment, and risky financing practices of the corporate sector in the affected countries contributed to their sharp economic recession in 1997-1998. The weaknesses in corporate governance and finance undermined the capacity of these countries to withstand the combined shocks of depreciated currencies, mass capital outflows, increased rates, and large contraction in domestic demand. To help understand the corporate governance issues and their impact, as well as to identify needs for interventions in addressing policy and institutional weaknesses, the Economics and Development Resource Center of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) undertook a regional study on corporate governance and finance in selected developing member countries. The countries covered are Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand. This book presents the major findings of the study. The policy recommendations will support ADB's financial sector work in its developing member countries.
135 citations