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East Asia
About: East Asia is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17591 publications have been published within this topic receiving 274073 citations. The topic is also known as: Eastern Asia.
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TL;DR: The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy as discussed by the authors concludes that East Asian economic success has little to do with government and that industrial policies used in East Asian economies have been effective, non-neoclassical tools for economic development.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this article, seasonal and geographical distributions of tropospheric ozone production and mixing ratios over East Asia with a global three-dimensional chemical transport model called Model of Ozone and Related Tracers, version 1 (MOZART 1).
Abstract: We examine seasonal and geographical distributions of tropospheric ozone production and mixing ratios over East Asia with a global three-dimensional chemical transport model called Model of Ozone and Related Tracers, version 1 (MOZART 1). Net ozone production within the East Asian boundary layer exhibits three distinct seasonal cycles depending on region (north of 20°N, 5–20°N and south of 5°N). North of 20°N, net ozone production over East Asia from spring through autumn is found to have a maximum extending from 25°N–40°N and from central eastern China to Japan, resulting from the strong emission and transport of anthropogenic O3 precursors. In winter, maximum O3 production in this region occurs between 20°N and 30°N. This is a region of long-range transport. Over the Indochina peninsula, between 5°N and 20°N, net O3 production is controlled by the seasonal cycle between wet and dry seasons and has a maximum at the end of the dry season due to emissions from biomass burning. South of 5°N, in the true tropics, O3 mixing ratios are relatively constant throughout the year and do not exhibit a seasonal cycle. A spring-summer maximum of net O3 production is found throughout the troposphere in East Asia. We estimate an annual net O3 production in East Asia of 117 Tg/yr. Both model results and analysis of measurements of O3/CO correlations over East Asia and Japan show strong variability as a function of both photochemical activity and seasonal meteorology, and indicate ozone export off the coast of East Asia in spring. An upper estimate of O3 export from East Asia to the Pacific Ocean in the mid-1980s of 3.3 Gmol/d (58 Tg/yr) is obtained.
105 citations
TL;DR: The data concerning the prevalence rates reported in related studies are summarized, the most crucial risk factors among these schoolchildren are discussed, and their causes remain poorly identified.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive air quality prediction model is applied to simulate the pH values in precipitation and to investigate neutralization by soil aerosols and their influence on the distribution of acid rain over east Asia.
Abstract: [1] A comprehensive Air Quality Prediction Modeling System is applied to simulate the pH values in precipitation and to investigate neutralization by soil aerosols and their influence on the distribution of acid rain over east Asia. A modified deflation module is designed to provide explicit information on the soil aerosol loading. Numerical simulation was performed for 1 year, from 15 December 1998 to 31 December 1999. Wet deposition monitoring data at 17 sites of the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in east Asia in addition to State Environmental Protection Agency data were used to evaluate the model, and a reasonable agreement was obtained. Observed evidence clearly shows that in northern China acid deposition is heavily influenced and buffered by natural soil dust from desert and semiarid areas. The observed mean rainwater pH value in northern China is the highest, between 6.0 and 7.2, while in southern China, where many areas severely impacted by acid precipitation are located, the pH value is much lower, between 3.5 and 5. In Japan the mean pH value is 4.7, significantly higher than that in southern China, while in South Korea the pH value is intermediate between those in northern China and Japan. The model is capable of reproducing this geographical distribution of rainwater pH over east Asia. The simulation results for 1999 demonstrated strong neutralization of precipitation by soil aerosols over northeast Asia, and the distribution pattern of acid rain was also altered. The annual mean pH values in northern China and Korea show a remarkable increase of 0.8–2.5, while the increase in mean pH values over southern China and Japan are less than 0.1. The neutralization effects vary by season, with the greatest influence in spring, when pH values increased by 0.1–0.4 in Japan, 0.5–1.5 in Korea, and more than 2 in northern China.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a computable general equibrium (CGE) model examines the economic impact of various types of FTAs in East Asia and finds that consolidation at the ASEAN 6 level would yield the largest gains to East Asia among plausible regional trade agreements.
Abstract: As East Asia becomes increasing integrated through market-driven trade and FDI, free trade agreements (FTAs) are proliferating. Consodildation of mutiple and overlapping FTAs into a single East Asian FTA can help mitigate the harmful noodle bowl effects of different or competing tariffs, standards and rules. A region-wide FTA will also encourage participation of low-income countries and reduce trade-related business costs, particularly for small and medium enterprises. A computable general equibrium (CGE) model examines the economic impact of various types of FTAs in East Asia (among ASEAN 1's, ASEAN 3, and ASEAN 6) finding that consolidation at the ASEAN 6 level would yield the largest gains to East Asia among plausible regional trade agreements.
104 citations